• 한국광학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2009

액정 디스플레이에서 시야각 향상을 위해 사용하는 보상판과 편광판을 접합한 복합판의 광축 틀어짐 오차와 보상판의 $R_{in}$(in-plane retardation), $R_{th}$(out-of-plane retardation)를 동시에 결정하는 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 보상판은 광축이 임의의 기울임각과 방위각을 갖는 o-판으로 하였으며, 확장된 존스 행렬법에 기반한 광학모델을 도입하여 복합판의 편광특성을 분석하였다. 입사각 0도와 50도에서 시료의 방위각을 360도 회전시키며 투과된 빛의 편광상태를 각각 계산한 후, 타원법의 모델링 분석기법을 적용하여 광축 틀어짐과 복합판의 기울임각과 방위각들을 역방계산하였다. 이 방법은 편광판과 보상판을 접합한 후에도 복합판의 성능평가를 할 수 있어 제조공정단계를 줄여 제조 원가를 절감하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.330-334
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• 2005

The effect of a new hepatoprotective agent, YH-439, on the hepatobiliary transport of a model organic cation (OC), TBuMA (tributylmethylammonium), was investigated. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to 4 h following iv administration of TBuMA (6.6 $\mu$mol/kg) was increased significantly when YH-439 in corn oil (300 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats 24 h prior to the experiment. Nevertheless, the cumulative biliary excretion of TBuMA remained unchanged. As a consequence, the apparent biliary clearance ($CL_b$) of TBuMA was decreased significantly as a result of YH-439 pretreatment, consistent with the fact that the in vivo excretion clearance of TBuMA across the canalicular membrane ($CL_{exc}$) was not changed by the pretreatment. The in vitro uptake of TBuMA into isolated hepatocytes was decreased by one half by the pretreatment, owing to a decrease in the apparent V$_{max}$ and $CL_{linear}$, but the $K_m$ for the process remained constant. Most interestingly, however, the sinusoidal uptake of glucose, a nutrient, into hepatocytes was not influenced by the pretreatment, suggesting the YH-439 pretreatment specifically impaired the sinusoidal uptake of OCs. Thus, the OC-specific inhibition of hepatic uptake, without influencing the uptake of glucose, a nutrient, appeared to be associated with the hepatoprotective activity of YH-439.

• 약학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2016

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of caffeine in forensic aqueous sample. The centrifuged sample ($100{\mu}l$) was diluted 50-fold with distilled water. The diluted sample ($400{\mu}l$) was then diluted further with $200{\mu}l$ of 0.1% formic acid solution and $400{\mu}l$ of acetonitrile containing 500 ng of caffeine-(3-methyl-$^{13}C_3$) prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% formic acid in distilled water (A) and acetonitrile (B). Chromatographic separation was performed by using a Zorbax SB-C18 ($100mm{\times}2.1mm$ i.d., $3.5{\mu}m$) column and caffeine was eluted within 1.1 min. Linear least-squares regression with a 1/x weighting factor was used to generate a calibration curve with the coefficients of determination ($r^2=0.9983$). The lower limit of quantification was $25ng/ml$ for the analyte. The process efficiency was 98.6~100.1%. Intra- and inter-day precisions were not more than 2.1% and 1.7%, while intra- and inter-day accuracies were ranged from -6.8 to 4.5%, respectively. The suitability of the method was examined by analyzing unknown forensic aqueous samples.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.3199-3205
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• 2013

The inclusion behavior of sulfobutylether-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (SBE-${\beta}$-CD) with perphenazine (PPH) was first studied by flow injection (FI)-chemiluminescence (CL) analysis with proposed $lg[(I_0-I_s)/I_s]=lgK_{P-CD}+nlg[C_{PPH}]$ model and molecular docking. Results showed that a 1:1 complex of SBE-${\beta}$-CD/PPH could online form, with the formation constant $K_{P-CD}$ of $2.57{\times}10^7Lmol^{-1}$ at 298 K. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the inclusion behavior of SBE-${\beta}$-CD/PPH was a spontaneous process by hydrophobic interaction. The molecular docking results revealed PPH entered into the larger cavity of SBE-${\beta}$-CD with two hydrogen bonds. Based on the linear relationship of the decrement of luminol/SBE-${\beta}$-CD/PPH CL intensity against the logarithm of PPH concentration ranging from 0.03 to 30.0 ng $mL^{-1}$, the present FI-CL analysis using luminol/SBE-${\beta}$-CD/PPH system was successfully applied to PPH determination in biological fluids and tablets with recoveries from 94.5 to 105.6% and RSDs less than 2.6% (n = 5).

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2011년도 정기 학술대회
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• pp.531-538
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• 2011

멤브레인형 LNG 탱크의 구조적 안전성을 확보하기 위해서는 슬로싱에 의한 작용 압력과 구조응답을 정확히 평가할 수 있어야 한다. 탱크 방열구조에 작용하는 슬로싱 충격하중은 매우 불규칙적이며 이로 인한 구조 응답 역시 유탄성 거동을 포함하는 매우 복잡한 물리 현상이기 때문에 최신의 이론적 실험적 접근 방법을 동원하더라도 정확한 평가가 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 실험이나 수치해석으로부터 얻어진 슬로싱 압력 시계열을 이용하여 탱크 방열 구조의 구조응답을 간편하게 해석할 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다. 이 간이 해석법은 기본적인 삼각형 impulse 형태의 충격 압력에 대한 구조응답을 시간영역에서 과도응답해석법으로 계산한 후, 이렇게 구해진 구조물의 삼각형 응답함수를 조합하여 임의 형상의 압력 시계열에 대한 구조 응답을 구하는 방식이다. 여러 가지 예제 해석을 통하여 제안된 해석법의 타당성을 검토하였고, 이를 이용하여 실제 모형실험에서 얻어진 압력시계열을 바탕으로 구조응답을 계산하고 그 결과를 고찰하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.837-846
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• 2014

A lead slowing down spectrometer (LSDS) is under development for analysis of isotopic fissile material contents in pyro-processed material, or spent fuel. Many current commercial fissile assay technologies have a limitation in accurate and direct assay of fissile content. However, LSDS is very sensitive in distinguishing fissile fission signals from each isotope. A neutron spectrum analysis was conducted in the spectrometer and the energy resolution was investigated from 0.1eV to 100keV. The spectrum was well shaped in the slowing down energy. The resolution was enough to obtain each fissile from 0.2eV to 1keV. The detector existence in the lead will disturb the source neutron spectrum. It causes a change in resolution and peak amplitude. The intense source neutron production was designed for ~E12 n's/sec to overcome spent fuel background. The detection sensitivity of U238 and Th232 fission chamber was investigated. The first and second layer detectors increase detection efficiency. Thorium also has a threshold property to detect the fast fission neutrons from fissile fission. However, the detection of Th232 is about 76% of that of U238. A linear detection model was set up over the slowing down neutron energy to obtain each fissile material content. The isotopic fissile assay using LSDS is applicable for the optimum design of spent fuel storage to maximize burnup credit and quality assurance of the recycled nuclear material for safety and economics. LSDS technology will contribute to the transparency and credibility of pyro-process using spent fuel, as internationally demanded.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.2983-2988
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• 2013

Second-order rate constants ($k_N$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for the reactions of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl X-substituted-benzoates (1a-1h) with a series of cyclic secondary amines in 80 mol % $H_2O$/20 mol % DMSO at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The Hammett plot for the reactions of 1a-1h with piperidine consists of two intersecting straight lines, while the Yukawa-Tsuno plot exhibits an excellent linear correlation with ${\rho}_X $ = 1.25 and r = 0.58, indicating that the nonlinear Hammett plot is not due to a change in the rate-determining step (RDS) but is caused by ground-state stabilization through resonance interactions for substrates possessing an electron-withdrawing group in the benzoyl moiety. The Br${\o}$nsted-type plot for the reactions of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl benzoate (1d) with a series of cyclic secondary amines curves downward with ${\beta}_2$ = 0.85, ${\beta}_1$ = 0.24, and $pK_a{^o}$ = 10.5, implying that a change in RDS occurs from the $k_2$ step to the $k_1$ process as the $pK_a$ of the conjugate acid of the amine exceeds 10.5. Dissection of $k_N$ into the microscopic rate constants $k_1$ and $k_2/k_{-1}$ ratio associated with the reaction of 1d reveals that $k_2$ is dependent on the amine basicity, which is contrary to generally held views.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.205-216
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 중복근을 갖는 비비례 감쇠시스템의 고유치 해석 방법을 제안하였다. 2차 고유치 문제의 행렬 조합을 통한 선형 방정식에 수정된 Newton-Raphson기법과 고유벡터의 직교성을 적용하여 제안방법의 알고리즘을 유도하였다. 벡터 반복법 또는 부분공간 반복법과 같은 기존의 반복법에서는 수렴성을 향상시키기 위해 변위법을 적용하였으며, 이 값이 시스템의 고유치에 근사하게 되면 행렬분해 과정에서 특이성이 발생한다. 그러나 제안방법은 구하고자 하는 고유치가 중복근이 아닐 경우에, 변위값이 시스템의 고유치 일지라도 항상 정칙성을 유지하며, 이것을 해석적으로 증명하였다. 제안방법은 수정된 Newton-Raphson기법을 이용하기 때문에 초기값을 필요로 한다. 제안방법의 초기값으로는 반복법의 중간결과나 근사법의 결과를 사용할 수 있다. 이들 방법중 Lanczon방법이 가장 효율적으로 좋은 초기값을 제공하기 때문에 Lanczon방법의 결과를 제안방법의 초기값으로 사용하였다. 제안방법의 효율성을 증명하기 위하여 두가지 예제 구조물에 대해 해석시간 및 수렴성을 가장 많이 사용하고 있는 부분공간 반복법과 Lanczon방법의 결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.577-582
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• 2007

A variational formulation for plane elasticity problems is derived based on an isogeometric approach. The isogeometric analysis is an emerging methodology such that the basis functions in analysis domain arc generated directly from NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) geometry. Thus. the solution space can be represented in terms of the same functions to represent the geometry. The coefficients of basis functions or the control variables play the role of degrees-of-freedom. Furthermore, due to h-. p-, and k-refinement schemes, the high order geometric features can be described exactly and easily without tedious re-meshing process. The isogeometric sensitivity analysis method enables us to analyze arbitrarily shaped structures without re-meshing. Also, it provides a precise construction method of finite element model to exactly represent geometry using B-spline base functions in CAD geometric modeling. To obtain precise shape sensitivity, the normal and curvature of boundary should be taken into account in the shape sensitivity expressions. However, in conventional finite element methods, the normal information is inaccurate and the curvature is generally missing due to the use of linear interpolation functions. A continuum-based adjoint sensitivity analysis method using the isogeometric approach is derived for the plane elasticity problems. The conventional shape optimization using the finite element method has some difficulties in the parameterization of boundary. In isogeometric analysis, however, the geometric properties arc already embedded in the B-spline shape functions and control points. The perturbation of control points in isogeometric analysis automatically results in shape changes. Using the conventional finite clement method, the inter-element continuity of the design space is not guaranteed so that the normal vector and curvature arc not accurate enough. On tile other hand, in isogeometric analysis, these values arc continuous over the whole design space so that accurate shape sensitivity can be obtained. Through numerical examples, the developed isogeometric sensitivity analysis method is verified to show excellent agreement with finite difference sensitivity.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.378-387
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• 2009

This research compared three methods for producing and processing nanocomposite polypropylene filament yarns with permanent antimicrobial efficiency. The three methods used to mix antimicrobial agents based on silver nano particles with PP were as follows: 1) mixing of PP powder and inorganic nanocomposite filler with the appropriate concentration using a twin-screw extruder and preparing granules, 2) method 1 with a singlerather than twin-screw extruder, and 3) producing the masterbatch by a twin-screw extruder and blending it with PP in the melt spinning process. All pure polypropylene samples and other combined samples had an acceptable spinnability at the spinning temperature of $240^{\circ}C$ and take-up speed of 2,000 m/min. After producing as-spun filament yarns by a pilot plant, melt spinning machine, the samples were drawn, textured and finally weft knitted. The physical and structural properties (e.g., linear density, tenacity, breaking elongation, initial modulus, rupture work, shrinkage and crystallinity) of the as-spun and drawn yarns with constant and variable draw ratios (the variable draw ratio was used to gain a constant breaking elongation of 50%) were investigated and compared, while DSC, SEM and FTIR techniques were used to characterize the samples. Finally, the antibacterial efficiency of the knitted samples was evaluated. The experimental results revealed that the crystallinity reduction of the as-spun yarn obtained from method 1 (5%) was more than that of method 2 (3%), while the crystallinity of the modified as-spun yarns obtained with method 3 remained unchanged compared to pure yarn. However, the drawing procedure compensated for this difference. By applying methods 2 and 3, the drawing generally improved the tenacity and modulus of the modified fibers, whereas method 1 degraded the constant draw ratio. Although the biostatic efficiency of the nanocomposite yarns was excellent with all three methods, the modified fabrics obtained from methods 1 and 2 showed a higher bioactivity.