• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.E1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2007

An improved method was developed to determine gas-phase hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) and organic hydro-peroxides (ROOH) in real-time, The analytical system for $H_2O_2$ is based on formation of hydroxybenzoic acid (OHBA), a strong fluorescent compound. OHBA is formed by a sequence of reactions, photoreduction of Fe(III)-EDTA to Fe(II)-EDTA, the Fenton reaction of Fe(II)-EDTA with $H_2O_2$, and hydroxylation of benzoic acid. By use of this analytical method rather than a previous similar method, Fenton reaction time was reduced from 2 min. to 30s. Air samples were collected by a surfaceless inlet to prevent inlet line losses. With a special arrangement of the sampling apparatus, sample delivery time was drastically reduced from ${\sim}5\;min\;to\;{\sim}20\;s$. The automated system was found to be sensitive, capable of continuous monitoring, and affordable to operate. A comparison of this method with a well-established one showed an excellent linear correlation, validating applicability of this technique to $H_2O_2$ determination. The system was applied to field measurements conducted during summertime of 2004 in Gwangju, South Korea. $H_2O_2$ was found to be a predominant species of peroxides. The diurnal variation of $H_2O_2$ displayed the maximum in early afternoon and the broad minimum throughout night. $H_2O_2$ was correlated positively with ozone, photochemical age, and temperature, however, negatively with $NO_x$ and relative humidity.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.30-37
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• 2010

Dutch artist, Theo van Doesburg had shown short but strong experimental aesthetics in his works through De Stijl movement. He played a leading role for editing De Stijl magazine and performed various formative works such as painting, sculpture, and architecture. In 1923 he opened the first De Stijl exhibition cooperated with Cornelis van Eesteren. In this architecture exhibition he showed rich formal spirits of counter-construction in his major design works, that is Maison Particuliere and Maison D'artiste among three houses projects. Formal characteristics of counter-construction can be summed up under two categories, time and space. Analytical results are as follows; First, the characteristics of counter-construction related to time category include two types of two mode. One is linear aspect of time based on the viewer's movement. The other aspect is simultaneity caused by synoptical effect. These could be proved by the analysis of arrangement of color planes. Secondly, the spatial aspects of counter-construction are produced through two different ways of formal strategies. Van Doesburg arranged cubes in very irregular pattern. This treatment induces ambiguous void and creates feeling of subject's space. And, through deleting, shifting, and extending he could make dynamic spatial effect by interpenetration between in and out. This fluid space thus introduces movements of one's gaze and circulation. He denied traditional classical values which had ruled the western aesthetical discipline for centuries and believed that mankind can reach the realm of universal equilibrium by contrast and tension created by counter-construction. In this vein Theo van Doesburg was an avant-garde artist of Hegelian thoughts who adopted the dialectical method without following the formal characteristics from ancestors.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.307-318
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• 2008

One of the primary issues confronting XML message brokers is the difficulty associated with processing a large set of continuous XPath queries over incoming XML seams. This paper proposes a novel system designed to present an effective solution to this problem. The proposed system transforms multiple XPath queries before their run-time into a new region-based data structure, called an XP-table, by sharing their common constraints. An XP-table is matched with a stream relation (SR) transformed from a target XML stream by a SAX parser. This arrangement is intended to minimize the runtime workload of continuous query processing. Also, system performance is estimated and verified through a variety of experiments, including comparisons with previous approaches such as YFilter and LazyDFA. The proposed system is practically linear- scalable and stable for evaluating a set of XPath queries in a continuous and timely fashion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2020

This study was conducted as a basic research to create a sound and vital ecological environment in the city compared to the appearance characteristics of Gap stream(G-stream), which are the main stream of Banseok stream(B-stream), by analyzing the characteristics of waterbirds, including Wild Spot-billed Duck (S-Duck), that live in B-stream built as ecological stream. The waterbird survey was conducted by the line census for 3.2km, Jukdong-bridge to Jamiseon-bridge, from January to August 2018. The analysis of the survey was conducted with Relative species density(RD) of the emerging waterbird species, the Species diversity and Density Per Unit area for 100㎡(DPU). The waterbird survey results of B-stream was conducted 65 times. The five types of water birds that appeared during the survey were Spot-billed Duck(Anas poecilorhyncha), Teal(Anas crecca), Little Egret(Egretta garzetta), Great Egret(Egretta alba), and Grey Heron(Ardea cinerea). As a result, for S-Duck at B-stream, RD was 89.9%, monthly species diversity was simple as 0.3801 in January, 0.5943 in February and 0.3501 in August. The DPU of the S-Duck was 0.165/100㎡ in the B-Stream survey section which was 4.9 times higher than the main stream section, G-stream. The non-freezing zone of the city's small stream is expected to play an important role as a winter stop for wild birds such as S-Duck during the freezing period of the huge stream. For this reason, considering the ecological characteristics of wild waterbirds such as S-Duck when creating ecological stream, a: space and linear selection of waterways which can minimize the impact of natural enemy and increasing the number of walkers, b: management water-friendly plants in the low flow channel, c: arrangement walking-bicycle road will be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.486-493
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• 2015

The ultrasonic nondestructive test (NDT) was applied to deck in-service to inspect and evaluate the performance of decking materials using ultrasonic pulse velocity. First, the measuring method between direct and indirect method according to transducer arrangement was studied. Second, the ultrasonic pulse velocity of decks in-service was compared with the passage of time. Finally, the change of ultrasonic pulse velocity was evaluated to expect service life of decking materials. The results of comparison between direct and indirect method was statistically insignificant and the ratio of direct to indirect method was 1.02. 1.05 respectively. The ultrasonic pulse velocity of decks in-service was decreased as the passage of time and the linear relationship in the ultrasonic pulse velocity to passage of time was found. From the results, The ultrasonic NDT will be helpful as an efficient method of on-site management of decks in-service.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.522-525
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a walking aid system that guides route to visually impaired people in order to recognize uncertain obstacles based on tactile stimulation. The proposed system is composed of the touch-based obstacle detection module, the obstacle height detection module, and the route guidance algorithms. The touch-based obstacle detection module detects each obstacle, which is located at left, right, and front of a visually impaired person by stimulating his thumb with the rotational force of the servomotor. The obstacle height detection module integrates detected data by the linear arrangement of ultrasonic sensors to identify the height of an obstacle about 3 of-phase(i.e., high, medium, low). The proposed route guidance algorithm guides an optimized path to the visually impaired person by updating his current position information based on the signal of the built-in GPS receiver in smartphone. In addition, the route guidance algorithm delivers information with speech to a visually impaired person through Bluetooth commuination in the developed route guidance app. The proposed system can create a path to avoid the obstacles by recognizing the placed situation of the obstacles with exploring the uncertain path.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 1997

In this study, a large consolidation test was carried out to estimate the consolidation behaviour of dredged clay ground improved by horizontal drain using plastic board drain with a vacuum pressure. The test results were analyzed by a numerical simulation using potential consolidation theory applied to a hollow cylinder. The rapid decreases in pore pressure and the drain speed in the plastic board indicate that the consolidation occurred quickly after the vacuum state was applied to the test soil. According to the numerical analysis obtained by applying the linear potential consolidation theory to a clay hollow cylinder with external radial drainage, the pore pressure is affected by the strain and the permeability of the soil rather than by the diffusion types. Therefore, measured surface settlement agreed with the numerical solution at the point where consolidation pressure increasing rate u: -0.5. Also the behaviour of the clay layer settlement in the place where the drain was installed was similar to that shown in Barron's consolidation theory. Finally, the design and construction procedure including the selection of the appropriate arrangement of horizontal drains were discussed based on the results of the laboratory tutsts. It is also shown that the potential consolidation theory make it possible to predict consolidation behaviour in the field using horizontal drains exactly.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.1675-1680
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• 2013

Recently, the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor as low noise, high speed and high thrust force transportation system has been proposed but this motor causes an increase of material cost because of its characteristic arranging the armature on the full length of transportation lines when this system is applied to the long distance transportation system. Therefore, we suggested discontinuous arrangement method of the armature to solve this problem. However, Detent force which causes thrust force ripple generating noise, vibration and decline of performance is generated when a mover pass between the armatures. Thus, in this paper, we examined characteristic of detent force to reduce the end edge effect according to the end edge teeth's height and auxiliary teeth and suggested the shape that can the most reduce the detent force.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.391-407
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• 2017

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have been recently used to reinforce concrete members in flexure due to their high tensile strength and especially in corrosive environments to improve the durability of concrete structures. However, FRPs have a low modulus of elasticity and a linear elastic behavior up to rupture, thus reinforced concrete (RC) components with such materials would exhibit a less ductility in comparison with steel reinforcement at the similar members. There were several studies showed the behavior of concrete beams with the hybrid combination of steel and FRP longitudinal reinforcement by adopting the experimental and numerical programs. The current study presents a numerical and analytical investigation based on the data of previous researches. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models of beams by using ANSYS are built and investigated. In addition, this study also discusses on the design methods for hybrid FRP-steel beams in terms of ultimate moment capacity, load-deflection response, crack width, and ductility. The effects of the reinforcement ratio, concrete compressive strength, arrangement of reinforcement, and the length of FRP bars on the mechanical performance of hybrid beams are considered as a parametric study by means of FE method. The results obtained from this study are compared and verified with the experimental and numerical data of the literature. This study provides insight into the mechanical performances of hybrid FRP-steel RC beams, builds the reliable FE models which can be used to predict the structural behavior of hybrid RC beams, offers a rational design method together with an useful database to evaluate the ductility for concrete beams with the combination of FRP and steel reinforcement, and motivates the further development in the future research by applying parametric study.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.74-76
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• 1993

Cytologic findings of pleural effusion in three cases of rhabdomyosarcoma are reported. Case 1 was a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma which had devoped at the chest wall of an elderly male patient and caused pleural effusion. The cytologic features were consistent with pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, that was, showing loose clusters, cellular pleomorphism, and abundant finely vesicular cytoplasm. Cases 2 and 3 were embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas in young adults. Primary site was the oral cavity in case 1, but unknown in case 2 and case 3. The effusion cytology was similar in these cases. Clustered or isolated small round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm were smeared. The cohesiveness of tumor cells was weak and the cells did not show linear arrangement or nuclear melding. Effusion cytology in a sarcoma patient would be diagnostic when the primary site and the type of sarcoma were already known.