• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1993년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.57-60
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• 1993

A finite element-based computer simulation of excimer laser susery was conducted to study some factors on the surgery. In particular, the radius of curvature at the apex of the cornea was examined under various surgical conditions. Corneal tissue was assumed to be a nearly incompressible, linear elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material under very small deformation. The geometry of the human cornea was taken from the experimental data[1]. The simulation utilized ANSYS(Swanson Analysis System Inc.Rev.4.4A). In this study, the major factors which affect the outcomes of the excimer laser surgery were investigated. First, two patterns of surgery with various surgery thickness(40-70micrometers) were examind. The pattern#1 describes the meridian from the apex to the edge of the surgery area to be straight. And the corresponding meridian of the pattern 2 can be expressed as a quardratic function. The results show that the pattern #2 is more realistic and effective. Then, the effects of other factors were investigated based on the pattern #2. Other factors are:various diameters of the surgical area (3-8 milimeters), Young's modules(3.5-4.5MPa), and depth of surgery at the apex(40-70micrometers). Compared with the computer simulation of the radial keratotomy surgery[2], the excimer laser surgery was proven to be more effective in treating myopia patients. In conculusion, the results of the simulation are qualitative agreement with clinical experience[3] indicating the potential of the finite element model of the surgery as a guideline to the surgeon before actual surgery.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.57-73
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• 2008

The present paper focuses on experimental verification of the ply-by-ply basis inelastic analysis of multidirectional laminates. First of all, rate dependence of the tensile behavior of balanced symmetric cross-ply T800H/epoxy laminates with a $[0/90]_{3S}$ lay-up under off-axis loading conditions at $100^{\circ}C$ is examined. Uniaxial tension tests are performed on plain coupon specimens with various fiber orientations $[{\theta}/(90-{\theta})]_{3S}$ ($\theta$ = 0, 5, 15, 45 and $90^{\circ}C$) at two different strain rates (1.0 and 0.01%/min). The off-axis stress.strain curves exhibit marked nonlinearity for all the off-axis fiber orientations except for the on-axis fiber orientations $\theta$ = 0 and $90^{\circ}$, regardless of the strain rates. Strain rate has significant influences not only on the off-axis flow stress in the regime of nonlinear response but also on the apparent off-axis elastic modulus in the regime of initial linear response. A macromechanical constitutive model based on a ply viscoplasticity model and the classical laminated plate theory is applied to predictions of the rate-dependent off-axis nonlinear behavior of the cross-ply CFRP laminate. The material constants involved by the ply viscoplasticity model are identified on the basis of the experimental results on the unidirectional laminate of the same carbon/epoxy system. It is demonstrated that good agreements between the predicted and observed results are obtained by taking account of the fiber rotation induced by deformation as well as the rate dependence of the initial Young's moduli.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.317-346
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• 2019

Performance assessment of pavements proves useful, in terms of handling the ride quality, controlling the travel time of vehicles and adequate maintenance of pavements. Roughness profiles provide a good measure of the deteriorating condition of the pavement. For the accurate estimates of pavement roughness from dynamic vehicle responses, vehicle parameters should be known accurately. Information on vehicle parameters is uncertain, due to the wear and tear over time. Hence, condition monitoring of pavement requires the identification of pavement roughness along with vehicle parameters. The present study proposes a scheme which estimates the roughness profile of the pavement with the use of accurate estimates of vehicle parameters computed in parallel. Pavement model used in this study is a two-layer Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on a nonlinear Pasternak foundation. The asphalt topping of the pavement in the top layer is modeled as viscoelastic, and the base course bottom layer is modeled as elastic. The viscoelastic response of the top layer is modeled with the help of the Burgers model. The vehicle model considered in this study is a half car model, fitted with accelerometers at specified points. The identification of the coupled system of vehicle-pavement interaction employs a coupled scheme of an unbiased minimum variance estimator and an optimization scheme. The partitioning of observed noisy quantities to be used in the two schemes is investigated in detail before the analysis. The unbiased minimum variance estimator (MVE) make use of a linear state-space formulation including roughness, to overcome the linearization difficulties as in conventional nonlinear filters. MVE gives estimates for the unknown input and fed into the optimization scheme to yield estimates of vehicle parameters. The issue of ill-posedness of the problem is dealt with by introducing a regularization equivalent term in the objective function, specifically where a large number of parameters are to be estimated. Effect of different objective functions is also studied. The outcome of this research is an overall measure of pavement condition.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.251-267
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• 1991

평면 골조 구조물로 이상화된 Web frame의 최종강도를 합리적으로 추정하기 위해 기존의 탄성해석 방법 대신에 구조물의 소성붕괴를 최종상태로 가정하여 구조해석을 수행하는 소성 해석 방법으로 선형 계획법과 Compact procedure를 정식화 하였고, 그 결과를 탄소성 해석과 비교하여 Web frame의 안전성 평가에 있어서 소성강도 해석 방법의 유용성을 검토하였다. 또한 구조해석에 사용되는 변수들의 확률적 특성을 고려하여 구조물의 안전성 평가를 하는 신뢰성 해석을 위해 소성붕괴 해석에서 얻어지는 구조물이 소성 파괴모드를 신뢰성 모델로서 사용 하였으나, 선체와 같이 과잉 구속되어 있는 부정정 구조물이 갖는 다수의 파괴모드 문제를 처리 하기 위해 기본 파괴모드 해석 방법과 자동 파괴모드 해석 방법을 이용하였고, 얻어진 파괴 모드로 부터 Web frame의 파괴확률을 계산하여 구조물의 안전성 평가에 있어서 확정론적인(deterministic)방법과 확률론적인(probabilistic)방법을 비교 검토하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.391-407
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• 2017

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have been recently used to reinforce concrete members in flexure due to their high tensile strength and especially in corrosive environments to improve the durability of concrete structures. However, FRPs have a low modulus of elasticity and a linear elastic behavior up to rupture, thus reinforced concrete (RC) components with such materials would exhibit a less ductility in comparison with steel reinforcement at the similar members. There were several studies showed the behavior of concrete beams with the hybrid combination of steel and FRP longitudinal reinforcement by adopting the experimental and numerical programs. The current study presents a numerical and analytical investigation based on the data of previous researches. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models of beams by using ANSYS are built and investigated. In addition, this study also discusses on the design methods for hybrid FRP-steel beams in terms of ultimate moment capacity, load-deflection response, crack width, and ductility. The effects of the reinforcement ratio, concrete compressive strength, arrangement of reinforcement, and the length of FRP bars on the mechanical performance of hybrid beams are considered as a parametric study by means of FE method. The results obtained from this study are compared and verified with the experimental and numerical data of the literature. This study provides insight into the mechanical performances of hybrid FRP-steel RC beams, builds the reliable FE models which can be used to predict the structural behavior of hybrid RC beams, offers a rational design method together with an useful database to evaluate the ductility for concrete beams with the combination of FRP and steel reinforcement, and motivates the further development in the future research by applying parametric study.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.231-253
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• 2013

The impact of spar-nacelle-blade coupling on edgewise dynamic responses of spar-type floating wind turbines (S-FOWT) is investigated in this paper. Currently, this coupling is not considered explicitly by researchers. First of all, a coupled model of edgewise vibration of the S-FOWT considering the aerodynamic properties of the blade, variable mass and stiffness per unit length, gravity, the interactions among the blades, nacelle, spar and mooring system, the hydrodynamic effects, the restoring moment and the buoyancy force is proposed. The aerodynamic loads are combined of a steady wind (including the wind shear) and turbulence. Each blade is modeled as a cantilever beam vibrating in its fundamental mode. The mooring cables are modeled using an extended quasi-static method. The hydrodynamic effects calculated by using Morison's equation and strip theory consist of added mass, fluid inertia and viscous drag forces. The random sea state is simulated by superimposing a number of linear regular waves. The model shows that the vibration of the blades, nacelle, tower, and spar are coupled in all degrees of freedom and in all inertial, dissipative and elastic components. An uncoupled model of the S-FOWT is then formulated in which the blades and the nacelle are not coupled with the spar vibration. A 5MW S-FOWT is analyzed by using the two proposed models. In the no-wave sea, the coupling is found to contribute to spar responses only. When the wave loading is considered, the coupling is significant for the responses of both the nacelle and the spar.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.839-856
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• 2023

This work presents a simple four-unknown refined integral plate theory for mechanical and thermal buckling behaviors of functionally graded (FG) plates resting on Visco-Pasternak foundations. The proposed refined high order shear deformation theory has a new displacement field which includes indeterminate integral variables and contains only four unknowns in which any shear correction factor not used, with even less than the conventional theory of first shear strain (FSDT). Governing equations are deduced from the principle of minimum total potential energy and a Navier type analytical solution is adopted for simply supported FG plates. The Visco-Pasternak foundations is considered by adding the impact of damping to the usual foundation model which characterized by the linear Winkler's modulus and Pasternak's foundation modulus. The accuracy of the present model is demonstrated by comparing the computed results with those available in the literature. Some numerical results are presented to show the impact of material index, elastic foundation type, and damping coefficient of the foundation, on the mechanical and thermal buckling behaviors of FG plates.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 전기화학적 염화물 추출(ECE) 완료된 RC 보의 구조적 거동을 기존에 주로 사용되었던 부착 강도 측정이 아닌 3점 재하 시험을 통해 분석했다. 그 결과, ECE 처리에 의해 콘크리트 보의 휨 강성은 저하되었으나, 최대하중 측면에서 강도는 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, ECE에 의해 인장 변형률이 증가하여 인장 균열에 대한 저항성은 향상되었으며, 관성 모멘트 감소율은 감소하였다. 이러한 구조적 거동 측면의 이점에도 불구하고 연성 및 휨 강성은 저하되었다. 콘크리트보의 휨 강성은 선형 탄성 범위에서 유효 단면적의 손실로 인해 감소됐고, 실제로 인장변형에 의해 파손된 상태에서 단면 2차 모멘트는 약 70 %의 손실되었다. 그러나 이러한 단면 손실에 의한 관성 모멘트 감소율은 ECE에 의해 더 낮아졌는데, 이는 균열에 대한 저항성이 증가되는 반면, 변형량이 증가되어 사용성 측면에서의 위험성은 더 증가됨을 의미한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 선형탄성 유한요소해석 방법과 $m_{\alpha}-tangent$ 방법으로 한계하중을 계산하고 이를 기존의 연구들에 의해 제시된 한계하중 식들과 비교하였다. 해석의 대상은 배관계의 대표 형상인 곡관과분기관을 선정하였다. 곡관과 분기관의 형상 변수를 다양하게 바꿔가면서 $m_{\alpha}-tangent$ 방법의 적용가능성을 살펴보았다. 하중은 내압하중과 면내굽힘하중을 각각 고려하였으며 곡관의 경우에는 기존의 한계하중식과 $m_{\alpha}-tangent$방법이 비교적 잘 일치함을 확인하였다. 하지만 분기관의 경우 형상의 특수성으로 인해 뚜렷한 경향 없이 기존의 한계하중 식과 $m_{\alpha}-tangent$ 방법이 일치하지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 $m_{\alpha}-tangent$ 방법이 불연속부의 응력집중현상에 의해 왜곡된 결과를 갖기 때문으로 보인다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2003

공진주 실험은 탄성파 이론을 이용하여 흙의 동적 물성, 즉 전단변형률의 크기에 따른 전단탄성계수와 재료감쇠비를 측정하는 실험이다. 공진주 실험에 의한 시료의 동적물성의 측정은 공진주 실험 시스템의 동적 거동에 대한 이해를 전제로 한다. 공진주 실험의 시료 및 실험장치의 구성은 고정단-자유단 경계조건을 가지고 있는 연속보로 단순화할 수 있어서, Richart, Hall and Woods는 공진주 실험 시스템에 대한 파동방정식을 유도하였으나, 시료를 단순히 탄성으로 가정하였고 시료의 점성을 고려하지는 않았다. 그리고, Hardin은 파동방정식의 유도에서 시료의 점탄성을 고려하였으나, 시료의 전단탄성계수를 결정하기 위하여 시료의 점탄성을 가정하여야 하는 문제점을 가지고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 연구자들이 시도했던 공진주 실험 시스템에 대한 파동방정식을 새로운 측면에서 유도하였으며, 새로이 유도된 파동방정식의 해법을 제안하였다. 한편, 일반적으로 시스템에 대한 동적 거동을 이해하는 방법으로, 시스템의 운동방정식을 이용하는 방법이 있으나, 공진주 실험 시스템에 대한 동적 거동의 해석방법으로 이와 같은 운동방정식을 이용하는 해석방법을 연구한 경우는 거의 없었다. 운동방정식에 의한 해법은 시스템의 동적 증폭계수와 동적 응답에 대한 위상각을 구할수 있기 때문에 파동방정식에 대한 해법보다 더 많은 정보를 활용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 공진주 실험 시스템에 대한 보다 기본적이고 많은 정보를 도출하기 위하여, 공진주 실험 시스템에 대한 운동방정식을 유도하였으며, 이를 이용하여 공진주 실험자료를 해석하는 새로운 해석기법의 제안을 위한 근간을 마련하였다. 그리고, 공진주 실험 시스템에 대한 유한요소 해석을 수행하여, 본 연구에서 제안한 공진주 실험시스템의 이론적 모델링의 타당성과 합리성을 검증하였다.