• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.34-37
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• 2006

When tsunami waves propagate across open ocean they are steered by Coriolis force and refraction due to gentle gradients in the bathymetry on scales longer than the wavelength. When the wave encounters steep gradients at the edges of continental shelves and at the coast, the wave becomes non-linear and conservation of momentum produces squirts of surface current at the head of submerged canyons and in coastal bays. HF coastal ocean radar is well-conditioned to observe the current bursts at the edge of the continental shelf and give a warning of 40 minutes to 2 hours when the shelf is 50-200km wide. The period of tsunami waves is invariant over changes in bathymetry and is in the range 2-30 minutes. Wavelengths for tsunamis (in 500-3000 m depth) are in the range 8.5 to over 200 km and on a shelf where the depth is about 50 m (as in the Great Barrier Reef) the wavelengths are in the range 2.5 - 30 km. It is shown that the phased array HF ocean surface radar being deployed in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and operating in a routine way for mapping surface currents, can resolve surface current squirts from tsunamis in the wave period range 20-30 minutes and in the wavelength range greater than about 6 km. There is a trade-off between resolution of surface current speed and time resolution. If the radar is actively managed with automatic intervention during a tsunami alert period (triggered from the global seismic network) then it is estimated that the time resolution of the GBR radar may be reduced to about 2 minutes, which corresponds to a capability to detect tsunamis at the shelf edge in the period range 5-30 minutes. It is estimated that the lower limit of squirt velocity detection at the shelf edge would correspond to a tsunami with water elevation of less than 5 cm in the open ocean. This means that the GBR HF radar is well-conditioned for use as a monitor of small and medium scale tsunamis, and has the potential to contribute to the understanding of tsunami genesis research.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2005년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.157-164
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• 2005

일반적인 물리탐사기법은 도심지내에서 구조물, 전도성 지장물, 차량 등 인공 잡음으로 인하여 그 적용성에 많은 제약을 받는다. 전철이 운행하는 철로 하부에 대한 탐사 역시 전선 및 열차진동이 일반 물리탐사 적용을 제한한다. 본 과업에서는 그 대안으로 선형배열 상시진동탄성파탐사를 적용하였다. 상시진동탐사(mircotremor survey)기법에는 철로를 운행하는 기차와 주변 도로위의 차량에 의한 진동이 오히려 양호한 송신원으로 활용 될 수 있다. 선형배열 상시진동탐사기법에서는 일반적인 굴절법 장비를 이용하여 일상적인 진동을 기록하고, 파동장의 변환을 수행하여 표면파의 분산곡선을 얻는다. 이후 발췌한 분산곡선에 대한 반복적인 수치모델링을 통하여 전단파속도를 구한다. 본 과업에서는 기존 철로를 따라 하부의 터널심도까지의 전단파속도를 전체 터널구간에 대하여 얻기 위하여 40m간격으로 선형배열을 이동하면서 자료를 획득하였다. 측선상의 시추공에서 수행한 SPS검층을 통하여 획득한 전단파속도와 RMR의 비교한 결과 전단파 속도와 RMR이 높은 상관관계에 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 상시진동탐사기법을 통하여 획득한 전단파속도 역시 RMR과의 양호한 상관관계를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 상관관계를 이용하여 도심지 철도터널 전체 구간에서 암반분류를 위한 RMR 추정이 가능하였다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.407-410
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• 2002

Monochromatic x-ray CT has several advantages over conventional CT, which utilizes bremsstrahlung white x-rays from an x-ray tube. There are several methods to produce such monochromatic x-rays. The most popular one is crystal diffraction monochromatization, which has been commonly used because of the fact that the energy spread is very narrow and the energy can be changed continuously. The alternative method is the use of fluorescent x-ray, which has several advantages such as large beam size and fast energy change. We have developed a parallel-beam and a fan-beam monochromatic x-ray CT, and compared some characteristics such as accuracy of CT numbers between those systems. The fan beam monochromatic x-rays were generated by irradiating target materials by incident white x-rays from a bending magnet beam line NE5 in 6.5 GeV Accumulation Ring at Tukuba. The parallel beam monochromatic x-rays were generated by using a silicon double crystal monochromator at the bending magnet beam line BL-20BM in Spring-8. A Cadmium telluride (CdTe) 256 channel array detector with 512mm sensitive width capable of operating at room temperature was used in the photon counting mode. A cylindrical phantom containing eight concentrations of gadolinium was used for the fan beam monochromatic x-ray CT system, while a phantom containing acetone, ethanol, acrylic and water was used for the parallel monochromatic x-ray CT system. The linear attenuation coefficients obtained from CT numbers of those monochromatic x-ray CT images were compared with theoretical values. They showed a good agreement within 3%. It was found that the quantitative measurement can be possible by using the fan beam monochromatic x-ray CT system as well as a parallel beam monochromatic X-ray CT system.

• 암석학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2005

연화, 장군 및 울진 Pb-Zn 광상에서 산출되는 납의 근원을 규명하기 위하여 방연석과 황철석 등의 황화광물과 주변의 석회암, 관입암 및 기반암 등에 대해 납 동위원소 분석을 실시하였다. $^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb-^{207}Pb/^{204}Pb$ 그림에서 연화광산의 방연석들은 비교적 잘 정의되는 정(+)의 기울기를 갖는 직선 배열을 보이며, 한반도 선캠브리아 기저지각과 유사한 변화를 보인다. 울진광산의 방연석, 장군석회암 및 주변의 기저암체 역시 연화광산의 변화경향을 따른다. 그러나 연화광산에 비해 $^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb$값이 낮은 장군광산의 광석광물들은 연화광산의 변화경향으로부터 $^{207}Pb/^{204}Pb$ 값이 낮은 쪽으로 벗어난다. 경상분지 내에서 산출되는 중생대 화성암 및 광상들이 한반도의 기저암체들에 비해 훨씬 낮은 $^{207}Pb/^{204}Pb$ 값을 가지는 것을 참조할 때, 장군광산의 광석광물들이 보이는 변화는 기저암체의 오래된 지각물질로부터 용출된 납과 중생대 화성암들이 갖고 있던 보다 맨틀성분이 많이 포함된 납의 혼합을 반영하는 것으로 해석된다. 선캠브리아 기저지각의 변화경향을 비교적 잘 따르는 연화광산과 울진광산의 광석들에 포함된 납은 대부분 오래된 기저암체들로부터 유래한 것으로 보이나, 기저암체의 변화구역의 하단부에 위치하는 것을 고려할 때 중성대 화성암 기원의 납이 일정비율로 포함되었을 가능성을 배제할 수 없다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1558-1565
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the number of loci affecting growth traits and the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects on growth traits, and to understand the genetic architecture for growth traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) using genome-wide association study (GWAS), genomic partitioning, and hierarchical Bayesian mixture models. Methods: GWAS: A single-marker regression-based mixed model was used to test the association between SNPs and causal variants. A genotype relationship matrix was fitted as a random effect in this linear mixed model to correct the genetic structure of a sire family. Genomic restricted maximum likelihood and BayesR: A priori information included setting the fixed additive genetic variance to a pre-specified value; the first mixture component was set to zero, the second to 0.0001×σ²_g, the third 0.001×σ²_g, and the fourth to 0.01×σ²_g. BayesR fixed a priori information was not more than 1% of the genetic variance for each of the SNPs affecting the mixed distribution. Results: The GWAS revealed common genomic regions of 2 Mb on bovine chromosome 14 (BTA14) and 3 had a moderate effect that may contain causal variants for body weight at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. This genomic region explained approximately 10% of the variance against total additive genetic variance and body weight heritability at 12, 18, and 24 months. BayesR identified the exact genomic region containing causal SNPs on BTA14, 3, and 22. However, the genetic variance explained by each chromosome or SNP was estimated to be very small compared to the total additive genetic variance. Causal SNPs for growth trait on BTA14 explained only 0.04% to 0.5% of the genetic variance Conclusion: Segregating mutations have a moderate effect on BTA14, 3, and 19; many other loci with small effects on growth traits at different ages were also identified.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2016

Purpose: Pulse crop damage due to wild birds is a serious problem, to the extent that the rate of damage during the period of time between seeding and the stage of cotyledon reaches 45.4% on average. This study investigated a method of fundamentally blocking birds from eating crops by conducting vinyl mulching after seeding and identifying the growing locations for beans to perform punching. Methods: Infrared (IR) sensors that could measure the temperature without contact were used to recognize the locations of soybean cotyledons below vinyl mulch. To expand the measurable range, 10 IR sensors were arranged in a linear array. A sliding mechanical device was used to reconstruct the two-dimensional spatial variance information of targets. Spatial interpolation was applied to the two-dimensional temperature distribution information measured in real time to improve the resolution of the bean coleoptile locations. The temperature distributions above the vinyl mulch for five species of soybeans over a period of six days from the appearance of the cotyledon stage were analyzed. Results: During the experimental period, cases where bean cotyledons did and did not come into contact with the bottom of the vinyl mulch were both observed, and depended on the degree of growth of the bean cotyledons. Although the locations of bean cotyledons could be estimated through temperature distribution analyses in cases where they came into contact with the bottom of the vinyl mulch, this estimation showed somewhat large errors according to the time that had passed after the cotyledon stage. The detection results were similar for similar types of crops. Thus, this method could be applied to crops with similar growth patterns. According to the results of 360 experiments that were conducted (five species of bean ${\times}$ six days ${\times}$ four speed levels ${\times}$ three repetitions), the location detection performance had an accuracy of 36.9%, and the range of location errors was 0-4.9 cm (RMSE = 3.1 cm). During a period of 3-5 days after the cotyledon stage, the location detection performance had an accuracy of 59% (RMSE = 3.9 cm). Conclusions: In the present study, to fundamentally solve the problem of damage to beans from birds in the early stage after seeding, a working method was proposed in which punching is carried out after seeding, thereby breaking away from the existing method in which seeding is carried out after punching. Methods for the accurate detection of soybean growing locations were studied to allow punching to promote the continuous growth of soybeans that had reached the cotyledon stage. Through experiments using multiple IR sensors and a sliding mechanical device, it was found that the locations of the crop could be partially identified 3-5 days after reaching the cotyledon stage regardless of the kind of pulse crop. It can be concluded that additional studies of robust detection methods considering environmental factors and factors for crop growth are necessary.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.187-208
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• 1986

The conclusions which was acquired one renal cell carcinoma and renal disease 132 cases that was tested renal echogram among 4,499 cases for recent 16 months at medical department, Dae Han Kyoyuk Insurance company from August, 1984 to November, 1985 are as follows: 1. On bur ultrasonography, the echo of tumor was demonstrated with echogenicity as compared with renal parenchyme. 2. The case was stage I by Robson's modification method for pathologic histology. 3. There is no fever, typical triad of renal cell carcinoma and the result of serum biochemical test was within normal limit. 4. The frequency with disease was renal cell carcinoma(0.76%), ureteral stone(1.5%), multicystic kidney(2.27%), hydroureter(2.27%), Bilateral poly cystic kidney(4.55%), hydronephrosis(4.55%), renal agenesis(6.06%) renal calculi(18.18%), simple cyst(60.61%). 5. The frequency with age was 55/1200 case(4.58%) in $41{\sim}50$ years, 13/296 cases(4.39%) in $51{\sim}60$ years, 43/2144 cases(2.01%) in $31{\sim}40$ years, 14/791 cases(1.77%) in $21{\sim}30$ years, 7/53 cases(1.32%) more than 61 years and 0/15(0%) under 20 years. 6. The affected site of renal agenesis 8 cases was right side all. 7. In total renal disease 132 cases, the affected site of 126 cases except bilateral polycystic kidney 6 cases was right kidney 72 cases, left kidney the proportion of right to left 1.6:1 8. In total renal disease 132 cases except bilateral polycystic kidneys 6 cases, the patients affected with both side kidneys were 14 cases. 9. The affection rate with sex in total renal disease 132 cases was 98/2860 cases in male, 34/1819 cases in female and the former was about 2 times than the latter. 10. Classifying the stone with part, nephrolithiasis 24 cases were appeared high frequency, on the contray, ureteral stone 2 cases. 11. 2 cases of ureteral stone developed complication, hydronephrosis and hydroureter. 12. The linear array type transducer was not helpful for the diagnosis of lower ureteral calculi but for the lower ureteral calculi, we could see the stone with high echo in accompanying with acoustic shadowing. 13. In 24 cases of renal calculi, both side nephrolithiasis was 3 cases(12.5%). 14. In renal calculi, solitary stone could be seen extremely much and the number of stone was so much variable from 2 to 10. 15. In 26 cases with renal calculi and ureteral stone, the common clinical manifestation was a intermittent and slight pain. 16. In 80 cases of renal cyst, as one's get older, the affection rate of cyst extremely rised. 17. In bilateral polycystic kidney, large cyst had septum on the whole. 18. The patients with complication were 14 cases(10.6%) of total patients.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.541-550
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• 1996

Tetracycline antibiotics have been widely used not only therapeutics but feed additives. There are many methods for the isolation and determination of tetracycline antibiotics in animal muscle tissue. But those methods take much time and labor, so it is difficult to analyse many samples simultaneously. A rapid isolation method and liquid chromatographic determination of tetracycline antibiotics in animal muscle tissue (bovine, porcine, chicken) is presented. Blank control and tetracyclines fortified samples (0.5g) were blended with $C_{18}$ containing 0.05g each of oxalic acid and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. After homogenize, homogenate was transferred to glass column made from 10ml glass syringe and compressed to 4~4.5ml volume. A column made from the $C_{18}$/meat matrix was washed with hexane (8ml) and dichloromethane (8ml, if needed), following which the tetracyclines were eluted,vith methanol or 0.01M methanolic oxalic acid (8ml). The eluates containing tetracyclines analytes were free from interfering compounds when analysed by HPLC with UV detection (photodiode array at 360nm). Standard curve for each tetracycline showed a linear response at the range of $0.05{\sim}1.0{\mu}g/ml$ and tetracycline antibiotics were eluted within 4ml of eluted volume. All tetracycline antibiotics except tetracycline were stable during the concentration process at $40^{\circ}C$ and time required for concentration was 3~4 hours. Fortified samples containing oxalic aicd and EDTA represented more good recoveries than those of not-contained sample. Recoveries were 91.8~110.1% (oxytetracycline; OTC), 57.7~79.5% (tetracycline; TC), 78.1~88.6% (chlortetracyclines; CTC) and 88.4~100.6% (doxycycline; DC) in pork tissue, 101.1~126.8% (OTC), 66.4~75.4% (TC), 79.2~88.1% (CTC) and 69.3~86.7% (DC) in beef tissue, and 90.8~95.6% (OTC), 66.2~84.4% (TC), 75.7~77.2% (CTC) and 55.6~80.7% (DC) in chicken muscle tissue. The detection limits validated in muscle tissue by this method were $0.05{\mu}g/g$ for OTC and TC, and $0.1{\mu}g/g$ for CTC and DC.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2001

방사선을 이용한 치료기인 의료용 선형가속기에 부착하여 선량분포 조절에 사용하는 가변형 쐐기필터(virtual wedge)의 선량분포 특성를 분석하고 쐐기각의 자료를 비교하여 가변형 쐐기필터 적용에서 오는 선량분포의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 기준전리함인 단일채널 PTW-UNIDOS과 3차원 선량계측시스템인 RFA-7 그리고 실험적으로 구성된 다중채널 검출기의 특성실험을 통하여 선량분포도 및 쐐기각을 구하고 이를 이용하여 실험적 검출시스템의 측정인자를 보정하였다. 가변형 쐐기필터의 쐐기각은 15$^{\circ}$, 30$^{\circ}$, 45$^{\circ}$ 에서 고정형 쐐기필터에 비교하여 1$^{\circ}$ 이내로 안정하였고, 60$^{\circ}$ 경우는 6 MV에서 1.2$^{\circ}$, 10WV 에서 2.2$^{\circ}$ 의 변화를 보였다. 측정에너지 영역 6, 10 MV 의료용 광자선을 적용하여 선량백분율과 빔평탄도 측정결과 검출기의 신뢰도가 평균 $\pm$2.1 % 이내였다. 고정형 쐐기필터를 이용한 쐐기각 변화율방법 적용시 방사선치료 과정에서 나타나는 선량오차 및 정상조직의 피폭을 줄이고 장비의 과도한 부하를 감소시키며 가변형 쐐기필터의 다양한 치료방법의 적용을 모색할 수 있었다. 가변형 쐐기필터 이용과 측정된 선량분포의 특성 분석으로 기존 고정형 쐐기필터 이용방법 및 기능을 보완하였고 실험적으로 구성된 계측시스템 측정장비의 대체방법 보정으로 가변형 쐐기필터의 다양한 치료방법적용과 보조물 사용에 따른 정확성과 효율을 높이는데 유용하리라 사료된다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.230-237
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• 2005

수중음향 시스템에서는 이동 표적에 대한 상태 추정 및 표적 식별 등의 목적을 위해서 표적 방위 추적은 필수적이다. 그러나 감시영역에 근접 또는 교차 표적 등이 존재하는 다수 표적 상황에서의 방위 추적은 매우 어려운 문제로 다양한 접근방법으로 연구되어 왔다. SWORD는 배열 센서 신호의 출력 공분산 행렬로부터 방위 변위를 추정하여 표적을 추적함으로써 별도의 정보 연관 과정이 필요 없는 단순한 구조의 다중 표적 방위 추적 알고리즘을 제안하였으며, RYU 등은 표적 조향 벡터 (target steering vector)와 배열 센서 공분산 행렬의 신호 고유 벡터 (signal eigenvector)가 선형결합 관계임을 이용하여 교차 표적 (cross target)에 대해서도 우수한 성능을 나타내는 효율적인 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 또한 HWANG 등은 잡음 고유 벡터 (noise eigenvector)와 표적 조향 벡터가 직교 관계임을 이용하여 RYU의 알고리즘과 동일한 성능을 유지하면서 연산량을 개선한 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 그러나 기존의 방법은 코히어런트 (coherent) 다중 표적인 경우에는 추적 성능이 저하되는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 배열 센서의 공분산 행렬로부터 추정할 수 있는 신호 고유 벡터와 잡음 공분산 행렬 (noise covariance matrix)의 특성을 이용하여 코히어런트 다중 표적에 대해 추적 성능을 유지할 수 있는 다중 표적 방위 추적 알고리즘을 제안하였으며, 근접 및 교차 기동하는 표적에 대한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 비코히어런트 (incoherent)와 코히어런트 다중 표적에 대해 추적 성능이 우수함을 확인하였다.