• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.333-339
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• 2015

The study was intended to investigate the factors affecting dental caries in adults. To that end, adults aged 19 years and older among 10,113 subjects who completed the health-related questionnaire, medical examination and nutrition surveys in the first year (2013) of the 6th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, and 4,843 subjects categorized as patients with permanent teeth caries were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of dental caries in line with socio-economic aspects was found to be higher in men than in women. In view of education, the prevalence of dental caries was high in high school graduates, middle school graduates, college graduates and other advanced degree holders in the order named. Low monthly income earners showed the highest prevalence of dental caries. As for health-related lifestyles, the prevalence of dental caries was higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Obese subjects showed a little higher prevalence of dental caries compared to people of normal weight. Also, the prevalence was higher in those who failed to get oral examination than otherwise. Frequent daily toothbrushing and use of dental floss and interdental brush significantly decreased the prevalence of dental caries. In the logistic regression analysis with the presence or absence of dental caries employed as a dependent variable, gender, age, income level, smoking, oral examination and use of dental floss were found to serve as independent variables affecting dental caries. Therefore, Korean adults' socio-economic factors and lifestyles were proved to affect dental caries, which warrants some dental health programs and action plans designed to help lead healthy lifestyles whilst preventing dental caries and improving dental health in adults.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 1993

Screenings were performed on edible plants to examine their complement-system activating ability (anti-complementary activity) by hemolytic complement assay $(TCH_{50})$. Among 38 kinds of plant extracts, 5 kinds showed relatively strong anti-complementary activity which decreased $TCH_{50}$ more than 60% comparison with control and the order of activity was Zingiber officinale>Colocasia antiquorum>Capsella bursapastoris>Ginkgo biloba>Alium monanthum in $1000{\mu}g/ml$. The anti-complementary activity of ZR-1 prepared from the root of Zingiber officinale which was showed the most potent activity, did not change by pronase treatment, but decreased greatly by periodate oxidation. These results indicate that not protein moiety but carbohydrate moiety in ZR-1 fraction may also contribute to the anti-complementary activity. Also, the anti-complementary activity of ZR-1 was reduced partially in the absence of the $Ca^{2+}$ ion. When crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3 serum was carried out after incubation of normal human serum with the ZR-1 in $Ca^{2+}$ free condition, a cleavage of C3 precipitin line was observed. Furthermore this polysaccharide fraction considerably inhibited $ACH_{50}$. These results also indicate that the mode of complement activation by polysaccharide from Zingiber officinale is via not only the classical pathway but also the alternative pathway.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.1
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• pp.125-146
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• 1989

This paper is examine the problems of U.S.-Korea Air Service Agreement and recommend some directions for its improvement under the rapidly changing circumstance and growing importance of Korean penisula. Since the provisional agreement of 1949, U.S. -Korea Air Service Agreement has consistently been favorable to U.S. side. Fair and equal opportunity is the principle and basis of the bilateral air agreement. Notwithstanding such principle, it is only the U.S. carriers who can freely enter into any market, under the discretion of business strategy, while Korean carrier can serve only three points including Honolulu. In an effort to recitify such serious imbalance, Korea continuousely requested additional rights and has given utmost efforts to accommodate requests made by U.S. carries without much success. When we review aviation market between Korea and U.S. under the present agreement, Korea is fully open to U.S. carries as they can connect from any or all points in the U.S. via any or all points in Korea and all points beyond Korea. Increased number of U.S. carriers are enjoying greater utilization of the opportunity accorded them. Four(4) U.S. carries now operate to Korea using thirteen(13) gateway points and about one hundred fifty(150) on-line points in the U.S. such imbalance can be well understood when we review the exchange of traffic rights between the U.S. and the Pacific rim countries. During the yeras following the 1978 agreement with Korea, the U.S. proceeded to sign liberal agreements with Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore and the Phillipines. In exchange, the U.S. granted the four Pacific rim countries substantially greater rights than were granted to Korea, although Korea was the first Asian nation to sign a pro-competitive aviation agreement which granted U.S. carriers unrestricted market access and pricing flexibility. Moreover, Korea ranks the 2nd trading and tourist partner to the U.S. among the Pacific rim countries (Japan is the largest partner to the U.S. in terms of both trade and tourist market). In this paper such problems in the Korea-U.S. Air Services Agreement are analyzed in terms of historical perspective, U.S. Aviation policy, imbalance status in detail cases, discrimination to Korea comparing to other Asian countries, and theoretical application. And further it discusses current aviation issues between Korea and U.S. such as the ratification of 1980 MOU and various doing business issues of U.S. carriers in Korea. Finally, this paper concludes the analysis and suggests some directions to improve and rectify the problems and imbalance of U.S.-Korea Air Services Agreement in question.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.164-170
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• 2007

The concept of innate immunity in insects which refers to the first line of host defense constitutes the humoral and cellular components which are involved in recognition and actively participate in the elimination of the intruding foreign micro- or macro-organisms. Several recent studies suggest that juvenile hormone (JH) modulates the cellular immune reactions in response to pathogen. In this study, pyriproxyfen (a JH agonist as an insect growth regulator) was tested in its any inhibitory effect on the immune reactions of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. To this end, five different hemocyte morphotypes of final instar S. exigua were identified by phase contrast microscopy. Plasmatocytes and granular cells, which constitute about 90% of the total hemocyte count, were prominently distinguished based on their basophilic/acidophilic nature using Giemsa stain. The role of pyriproxyfen on the functional ability of hemocytes was analyzed using FITC-labeled Providencia vermicola for the phagocytic potential of the hemocytes. Both granular cells and plasmatocytes exhibited phagocytosis behavior. Pyriproxyfen significantly inhibited the phagocytosis of both cell types, proposing its novel action as an immunosuppressant.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Breakthrough cancer pain is a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs despite relatively well controlled background pain with around-the-clock analgesia. It is highly prevalent in patients with cancer pain, with an overall prevalence of 70~90%. Breakthrough cancer pain has several negative effects on quality of life, including a decrease in functional status and social relationship, and higher incidence of anxiety/depression. It also places a detrimental burden on their families, society, and the healthcare system. According to the pathogenic mechanism, breakthrough cancer pain is classified into two categories: idiopathic (or spontaneous) pain and incident pain. Episodes of breakthrough cancer pain have typical characteristics, including rapid onset (5~10 min), severe intensity, and short duration (30~60 min). However, there are some variations in timing and severity of pain among patients and episodes. Therefore, a thorough assessment of pain episodes is needed and management plan must be individualized to provide optimal treatment. Several immediate-release formulations such as oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone are widely used despite relatively slow onset of action. Recent studies have shown that transmucosal fentanyl preparations were effective for faster control of breakthrough pain. We hope to improve management of breakthrough cancer pain with more efficient analgesics in line with currently available evidence.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.2534-2546
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• 2021

Nuclear emergency preparedness and response is an essential part to ensure the safety of nuclear power plant (NPP). Key support technologies of nuclear emergency decision-making usually consist of accident diagnosis, source term estimation, accident consequence assessment, and protective action recommendation. Source term estimation is almost the most difficult part among them. For example, bad communication, incomplete information, as well as complicated accident scenario make it hard to determine the reactor status and estimate the source term timely in the Fukushima accident. Subsequently, it leads to the hard decision on how to take appropriate emergency response actions. Hence, this paper aims to develop a method for rapid source term estimation to support nuclear emergency decision making in pressurized water reactor NPP. The method aims to make our knowledge on NPP provide better support nuclear emergency. Firstly, this paper studies how to build a Bayesian network model for the NPP based on professional knowledge and engineering knowledge. This paper presents a method transforming the PRA model (event trees and fault trees) into a corresponding Bayesian network model. To solve the problem that some physical phenomena which are modeled as pivotal events in level 2 PRA, cannot find sensors associated directly with their occurrence, a weighted assignment approach based on expert assessment is proposed in this paper. Secondly, the monitoring data of NPP are provided to the Bayesian network model, the real-time status of pivotal events and initiating events can be determined based on the junction tree algorithm. Thirdly, since PRA knowledge can link the accident sequences to the possible release categories, the proposed method is capable to find the most likely release category for the candidate accidents scenarios, namely the source term. The probabilities of possible accident sequences and the source term are calculated. Finally, the prototype software is checked against several sets of accident scenario data which are generated by the simulator of AP1000-NPP, including large loss of coolant accident, loss of main feedwater, main steam line break, and steam generator tube rupture. The results show that the proposed method for rapid source term estimation under nuclear emergency decision making is promising.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.697-703
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• 2022

Due to the recent economic downturn caused by Covid-19 and the unstable international situation, many investors are choosing the derivatives market as a means of investment. However, the derivatives market has a greater risk than the stock market, and research on the market of market participants is insufficient. Recently, with the development of artificial intelligence, machine learning has been widely used in the derivatives market. In this paper, reinforcement learning, one of the machine learning techniques, is applied to analyze the scalping technique that trades futures in minutes. The data set consists of 21 attributes using the closing price, moving average line, and Bollinger band indicators of 1 minute and 3 minute data for 6 months by selecting 4 products among futures products traded at trading firm. In the experiment, DNN artificial neural network model and three reinforcement learning algorithms, namely, DQN (Deep Q-Network), A2C (Advantage Actor Critic), and A3C (Asynchronous A2C) were used, and they were trained and verified through learning data set and test data set. For scalping, the agent chooses one of the actions of buying and selling, and the ratio of the portfolio value according to the action result is rewarded. Experiment results show that the energy sector products such as Heating Oil and Crude Oil yield relatively high cumulative returns compared to the index sector products such as Mini Russell 2000 and Hang Seng Index.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6774-6781
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• 2014

This study examined the efficacy and the mechanism of action of biological response modifiers, ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on human keratinocytes HaCaT cell lines. A non-significant cytotoxic response was obtained in the HaCaT cell lines on treatment with various concentrations of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 for different time durations. Furthermore, the global changes in the mRNA profile of HaCaT cells were investigated using DNA microarrays after stimulation with the ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 strongly increased FGF2 in HaCaT cells, and were found to be a candidate gene for antioxidant activity and elasticity. Other key candidate genes for antioxidant activity, such as FANCD2, LEPR, and FAS, also show enhanced regulation in HaCaT cells treated with ginsenoside Rb1. This study will be useful for understanding the regulatory genes involved in skin elasticity and signal transduction pathway stimulated by the ginsenoside Rb1. This paper currently focuses on the key factors regulating the interaction of anti-aging principles and skin elasticity.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.116-125
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• 2022

Recent aspects of terrorism varies in various ways according to means, targets, and regions. In particular, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001 changed the paradigm of each country's terrorism, and the South Korea also participated in the enactment and enforcement of the Anti-Terrorism Act in 2016. Based on this, CBRN terrorism is included in general terrorism, and the National Police Agency plays the role of a control tower, and a system supported by related organizations such as the Ministry of Environment is being built and operated. However, restrictions were confirmed in the organizational system, manpower composition, and equipment and materials in operation in preparation for CBRN within the police. Based on the identified limitations, we proposed improvement plans to strengthen the capacity for CBRN terrorism: establishing a dedicated CBRN organization; creating research organization; and securing additional dedicated personnel. Based on this, as an improvement plan to strengthen the capability of CBRN, the establishment of an organization dedicated to CBRN and a research organization within the National Police Agency, and expansion of electronic equipment suitable for the characteristics of CBRN were proposed. It is expected that the police's on-site response capability system for CBRN terrorism will be strengthened via the proposed improvement measures to recover the various restrictions on the response to CBRN terrorism.

• Maritime Security
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.83-107
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• 2023

To Republic of Korea in the Indo-Pacific region, the stability and prosperity of the area are directly coupled with national survival, interest. Currently, on account of strategic competition between U.S.A, and China in this area as well as supranational·non-conventional threats, the security environment is unstable, required joint/allied responses. So, lots of states inside(U.S.A., Japan, ASEAN, etc.), also, out of this Indo-Pacific area like EU-NATO, open their own strategy related in Indo-Pacific issues to be involved. R.O.K. government took its own line with publishing self strategy following this international trend, it can be shown korean government's strong intend to join in the pending security issues in this region with 'strategic clarity'. Now, R.O.K. Navy has to back up governments, policy. First, R.O.K. Navy should strengthen the relationship inside and take part in the multilateral cooperation of security. Second, to convey this deterrence message to potential threats, Navy is required to show of forces and have combined exercises. Also, as naval forces of advanced countries, Korea, Navy should be taken action in non-traditional threats, and help developing states improve their sea power. To fulfill this tasks in the wide ocean area, Navy need five inherent characteristics(mobility, flexibility, sustainability, capability of presence and projection). In the end, this paper propose the development plan following operational environment (SWOT) analysis as well.