• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 1995

Nature of graft transmissibility of pear abnormal leaf spot disease was examined by various grafting methods in the greenhouse and field. When the diseased and symptomless twigs were collected in winter and grafted in the next spring to the seed-originated healthy root stock, the abnormal leaf spot was developed only in the case of the diseased twigs. Double grafting on a seed-originated healthy root stock, where the diseased and the symptomless twigs were used as 1st and 2nd scions, respectively, developed abnormal leaf spot lesions without exception on the 2nd scions. Tongue-graft with the diseased and the symptomless trees also incited abnormal leaf spots on the both trees. Abnormal leaf spots of were also developed on HN-39, an indicator pear tree, used as a 2nd scion in a double graft test, where the diseased twig and a seed-originated healthy tree were used as the 1st scion and the root stock, respectively. When the diseased twig was top-grafted to the healthy root stock, lesion development of abnormal spot was limited to the grafted twig itself in the 1st year, but expanded to the main branches in the 2nd year, and spread over the whole tree in the 3rd year. This result indicates that the causal agent of abnormal leaf spot disease is transmitted by graft.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.210-224
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• 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis is a severe autoimmune disorder, related to joints. It is associated with serious cartilage destruction. This causes disability and reduces the excellence of life. Numerous treatments are existed to combat this disease, however, they are not very efficient and possess severe side effects, higher doses, and frequent administration. Therefore, newer therapies are developed to overcome all these limitations. These include different monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulins, small molecules used for immunotherapy and transgenes for gene therapy. One of the main goals of these new generation therapeutics is to address the underlying distressing biological processes by specifically targeting the causative agents with fewer systemic side effects and greater patient console. It is very fortuitous that loads of progressive investigations are going on in this field and many of them have entered into the successful clinical trial. But till date, a limited molecule has got FDA clearance and entered the market for treating this devastating disease. This review highlights the overview of conventional therapy and advancements in newer therapeutics including immunotherapy and gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Further, different novel techniques for the delivery of these therapeutics of active and passive targeting are also described.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.837-845
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• 2010

It has been shown that bilateral decrease of point H4,5,6 in Ryodoraku test is related with gastric dysmotility. This suggested that the system of Kyung-Rak related with anatomical gastric disease may not be the Stomach Meridian, in the view that the system of Kyung-Rak is similar to that of Ryodoraku, and which was not consistent with classical contents of Kyung-Rak principle. Therefore, this paper was done to investigate whether bilateral decrease of point H4,5,6 is a general sign of common gastric disease in Ryodoraku test and to study its relation between Kyung-Rak principle and autonomic nervous system as a mediator explaining Ryodoraku response. As shown in the results of this study, different electrical response of Ryodoraku between patients with dyspepsia of gastric dysmotility and gastric ulcer revealed discrepancy of location indicating anatomical stomach between Kyung-Rak principle and Ryodoraku and instability of explanation of autonomic nerve theory to Ryodoraku. Thus, it presented the possibility that artificial application of Kyung-Rak principle against Ryodoraku may destroy its originality in the clinical field. To correctly use Ryodoraku in the diagnosis or evaluation of disease, Ryodoraku test should be used according to Nakatani's suggestion and clinical indication of which is limited to the diseases complicated with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.322-329
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate host and non-host disease resistances of kimchi cabbage plants to bacterial infection. Kimchi cabbage leaves responded differently to infections with a virulent strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) 8004 and two strains (85-10 and Bv5-4a.1) of non-host bacteria X. campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv). Non-host bacteria triggered a rapid tissue collapse of the leaves showing as brown coloration at the infected sites, highly increased ion leakage, lipid peroxidation and accumulation of UV-stimulated autofluorescence materials at the inoculated sites. During the observed interactions, bacterial proliferations within the leaf tissues were significantly different. Bacterial number of Xcc 8004 progressively increased within the inoculated leaf tissues over time, while growths of two non-host bacteria Xcv strains were distinctly limited. Expressions of pathogenesis-related genes, such as GST1, PR1, BGL2, VSP2, PR4 and LOX2, were differentially induced by host and non-host bacterial infections of X. campestris pathovars. These results indicated that rapid host cellular responses to the non-host bacterial infections may contribute to an array of defense reactions to the non-host bacterial invasion.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.416-421
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• 2007

Many previous studies have proved that human allergic disease resulted from the formation of antibodies belonging to a unique immunoglobulin isotype termed immunoglobulin E (IgE). Most of IgE-producing plasma cells are found in the lymphoid tissue associated with the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. IgE may be found free in the mucosal secretions of these tissues, bound to local mast cells, or distributed by the systemic circulation to mast cells and basophils throughout the body. Total serum IgE concentrations tend to be higher in allergic adults and children compared with non-allergic individuals, but the value of total serum IgE as a screening test for allergic disease is limited. Total serum IgE levels are related to the probability of an individual having detectable allergen-specific IgE. Allergen-specific IgE concentrations vary with a person's age, the degree and duration of the recent allergen or cross-reactive allergen exposure. The value of quantitative assays for allergen-specific IgE has been suggested in recent studies. Serum IgE increases in many non-allergic diseases, including infectious and parasitic diseases. The IgE changes appear to be specific to the infectious agents, whereas non-specific in other diseases. The increased serum IgE in some of these conditions probably results from alterations in immune function. This review summarizes the clinical significance of total and allergen-specific IgE examinations in allergic diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.341-344
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• 2002

Neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's disease, are often accompanied by reduced brain perfusion (cerebral blood flow). Using the intrinsic magnetic properties of water, arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASLMRI) can map brain perfusion without injection of radioactive tracers or contrast agents. However, accuracy in measuring perfusion with ASL-MRI can be limited because of contributions to the signal from stationary spins and because of signal modulations due to transient magnetic field effects. The goal was to optimize ASL-MRI for perfusion measurements in the aging human brain, including brains with Alzheimer's disease. A new ASL-MRI sequence was designed and evaluated on phantom and humans. Image texture analysis was performed to test quantitatively improvements. Compared to other ASL-MRI methods, the newly designed sequence provided improved signal to noise ratio improved signal uniformity across slices, and thus, increased measurement reliability. This new ASL-MRI sequence should therefore provide improved measurements of regional changes of brain perfusion in normal aging and neurodegenerative disorders.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.243-254
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• 2020

Objectives : Network pharmacology analysis is commonly used to investigate the synergies and potential mechanisms of multiple compounds by analyzing complex, multi-layered networks. We used TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases to compare results of network pharmacological analysis between White Ginseng(WG) and Red Ginseng(RG). Methods : WG and RG were compared with components and their target molecules using TCMSP database, and compound-target-pathway/disease networks were compared using BATMAN-TCM database. Results : Through TCMSP, 104 kinds of target molecules were derived from WG and 38 kinds were derived from RG. Using the BATMAN-TCM database, target pathways and diseases were screened, and more target pathways and diseases were screened compared to RG due to the high composition of WG ingredients. Analysis of component-target-pathway/disease network using network analysis tools provided by BATMAN-TCM showed that WG formed more networks than RG. Conclusions : Network pharmacology analysis can be effectively performed using various databases used in system biology research, and although the materials that have been reported in the past can be used efficiently for research on diseases related to targets, the results are unreliable if prior studies are focused on limited or narrow research areas.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2015

This review has focused on important but less visible aspects of fibromyalgia (FM) with respect to the high impact of this disorder on patients and societies. FM is a common but challengeable illness. It is characterized by chronic widespread pain, which can be accompanied by other symptoms including fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety and depressive episodes. While our understanding of this debilitating disorder is limited, diagnosis and treatment of this condition is very difficult, even in the hands of experts. Due to the nature of disease, where patients experience invalidation by medical services, their families and societies regarding the recognition and management of disease, direct, indirect and immeasurable costs are considerable. These clinical and economic costs are comparable with other common diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and osteoarthritis, but the latter usually receives much more attention from healthcare and non-healthcare resources. Present alarming data shows the grave and "iceberg-like" burden of FM despite the benign appearance of this disorder and highlights the urgent need both for greater awareness of the disease among medical services and societies, as well as for more research focused on easily used diagnostic methods and target specific treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1988

This report provides follow-up data on 116 patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease, aging 1 month to 13 years [median: 1.8 years], who underwent the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt using polytetrafluoroethylene graft at Seoul National University Hospital between September, 1984 and June, 1987. Among 116 patients complete follow-up studies were done on 95 patients. The mean preoperative arterial oxygen tension was 36 torr. Thirty-Six patients [38%] underwent operation in infancy. Conduit diameters included 4mm [15 cases], 5mm [47 cases], and 6mm [33 cases] sizes. The mean postoperative arterial oxygen tension was 52 torr [P<0.001]. The effectiveness of shunts was evaluated clinically and by shunt murmur, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization with angiography 1 to 31 months after operation. The incidence of shunt occlusion was 9.5% and the mortality was 14.8%. The actuarial patency rate was 83.1 * 6.4% and the actuarial survival rate was 82.5 * 4.5% at 30 months` follow-up for all patients. The effectiveness of the 4mm diameter conduit may be limited. Blalock-Taussig procedure is an effective alternative to the classic B-T shunt in congenital cyanotic heart disease.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.97-107
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to : (i) characterize and differentiate between two different periods of baby boomers, (ii) study the utilization of their health care services, and (iii) establish effective ways of providing better health service utilization and preventive policy strategies for upcoming and older generations. Methods : A multiple regression analysis using descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and dummy variables was utilized to access the presence of correlations between socio-demographic factors and health care service utilization. Results : Medical insurance type, marital status, and chronic disease were factors that influenced health care service utilization. Furthermore, the factors that influenced individual medical expenses were cohabitation, inpatient days, and chronic disease. Conclusions : Primary findings and exploratory statistics revealed that there were strong correlations and interaction among some of the predictor variables. Because of the chronologically limited nature of the sample data set gathered in 2012, it would be helpful to continue to develop or research related constructs that may capture relationships more effectively among extended populations.