• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2021

Odontogenic infection in the oral and maxillofacial regions caused by bacteria (mostly of oral origin) is one of the most common diseases encountered by dentists. Localized infection can easily be treated with incision and drainage followed by antibiotics. Emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria called "Superbacteria" has become one of the serious problems in modern society, due to its small window of opportunity for treatment and high casualty. The acronym "ESKAPE", encompassing the common and serious MDR pathogens stand for Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. Literature search was performed in Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar ranging from 2012 to 2020. ESKAPE patient's infection period was longer than that of non-ESKAPE group, and the treatment method due to antibiotic resistance was also complicated. The purpose of this study is to investigate infection caused by ESKAPE pathogens in the oral and maxillofacial regions through literature review and to inform dental surgeons of the danger of ESKAPE pathogens and to suggest viable treatment options. Many studies worldwide reported infections associated with ESKAPE pathogens, but only limited number of studies targeted infection in oral and maxillofacial regions. Further research is required with more data on ESKAPE bacteria and their infection, especially in oral and maxillofacial regions.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2017

Although laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is considered as minimally invasive surgery, an advanced level of laparoscopic skill is still required. LPD comprises various procedures including reconstruction. Therefore, establishment of a safe approach at each step is needed. Prevention of intraoperative bleeding is the most important factor in safe completion of LPD. The establishment of effective retraction methods is also important at each site to prevent vascular injury. I also recommend the "uncinate process first" approach during initial cases of LPD, in which the branches of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery are dissected first, at points where they enter the uncinate process. This approach is performed at the left side of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) before isolating the pancreatic head from the right aspect of the SMA, which allows safe dissection without bleeding. Safe and reliable reconstruction is also important to prevent postoperative complications. Laparoscopic pancreatojejunostomy requires highly skilled suturing technique. Pancreatojejunostomy through a small abdominal incision, as in hybrid-LPD, facilitates reconstruction. In LPD, the surgical view is limited. Therefore, we must carefully verify the position of the pancreaticobiliary limb. A twisted mesentery may cause severe congestion of the pancreaticobiliary limb following reconstruction, resulting in severe complications. We must secure the appropriate position of the pancreaticobiliary limb before starting reconstruction. We describe the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications and appropriate technique for safe performance of LPD.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.509-512
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• 1998

후측개흉술은 흉근을 절단하는 단점은 있으나 훌륭한 수술시야를 제공하므로 표준개흉술로 이용되고 있다. 이에 반하여 근육보존수직개흉술은 흉근이 보존되며 팔을 내리면 액와부 수술 상흔이 감추어지는 미용상의 장점이 있다. 그러나 수직개흉술은 흉부의 정측면에 절개선이 이루어지므로 측와위에서 수직으로 수술시야를 내려다보게 되어 흉강내의 구조물, 특히 폐문부나 첨부 및 하부의 길이가 멀어져 수술조작이 불편하다. 본 인하대병원 흉부외과에서는 수술조작에 관련된 차이를 알아보고자 후측개흉술(15례)과 수직개흉술(14례)을 이용해 폐쐐기절제술 이상의 수술을 실시한 29례에서 수술과 관련된 임상지표들을 비교관찰한 결과, 수술시간, 수술 1일과 2일의 흉관 배액량, 흉관 거치기간, 수혈 수와 수혈량, 수술 중 실혈량, 수술 후 합병증 등에서 양군간에 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 근육보존수직개흉술도 후측개흉술과 마찬가지로 폐절제술시 안전하게 사용될 수 있다고 본다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2006

목적: 최근 위선종 및 조기위암에 대해 새로운 내시경적 치료법인 내시경 절개 점막하 박리법은 기존의 내시경적 점막절제술 보다 더 넓은 적응증을 가지고 있지만 시술의 난이도가 높고 합병증의 위험이 있어 보편적으로 시술되고 있지 않다. 이에 내시경 절개 점막하 박리법으로 치료한 위의 종양성 병변의 치료 성적을 바탕으로 그 임상적 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 내시경 절개 점막하 박리법을 시행한 164명의 환자들의 179개의 위종양성 병변에 대하여 완전절제 및 일괄절제 여부, 합병증, 재발 여부 등을 분석하였다. 결과: 179개의 병변은 조기위암 126예(70.3%), 선종 42예 (23.4%)였다. 병변의 침윤 깊이를 확인할 수 있었던 조기위암 420예는 각각 점막1층(sm1) 0.8% (1/120), 점막2층(m2) 38.3% (46/120), 점막3층(m3) 25% (57/120), 점막하1층(sm1) 11.7% (14/120), 점막하2층(sm2) 1.6% (2/120)이었다. 종양의 일괄절제율과 완전절제율은 각각 96.0%, 85.2%였다. 합병증은 천공 8예(4.4%), 출혈 38예(21.2%)가 발생하였으나, 천공 1예를 제외한 나머지는 비수술적으로 치료가 가능하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 내시경 절개 점막하 박리법은 위종양성 병변의 근치적 치료에 비교적 안전하고 효과적인 술기이고, 향후 보다 장기간의 추적관찰을 통해 그 유용성이 검증되어야 할 것으로 생각한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.399-402
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• 1996

Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) has recently become estabilished as a successful treatment for severe palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Descriptions have been published of neurolytic, operative and alternative endoscopic procedures involving thermocoagulation, laser coagulation, or or nonvideo-assisted ganglionectomy using equipment not widely available, with low morbidity and excellent results. All methods have advantage and disadvantages. A 19-year-old male who suffered from severe hyperhidrosis on face, palms and axillary areas, has been initially treated with stellate ganglion block in other pain clinic. He was transfered to our pain clinic for endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. The patient was intubated left side 34 Fr. double lumen tube and positioned left semi-lateral position for right sympathectomy. Right side pneumothorax was created by clamping the ipsilateral side of the double lumen tube and aspiration of air. 11-mm trocar was introduced through incision at the third intercostal space in anterior axillary line, and then additional two 11-mm and 5-mm trocar was introduced through second and fifth intercostal space in mid axillary line. The lung was gently retracted and the parietal pleura over the heads of the appropriate ribs excised using 5-mm sharp insulated coagulating microprocesss. The T4, T3, and T2 ganglions, as well as accompanying rami communicantes, and other branchs arising from upper thoracic nerves to the brachial plexus and surrounding tissues were carefully dissected, coagulated. During sympathectomy, skin temperature of middle was continuously monitored. Elevation of palmar skin temperature intraoperatively indicated an adequate sympathectomy with a definite therapeutic effect. A No. 28 Fr. thoracotomy tube was introduced through a troca under video guidance, placed under water seal after the lung was reinflated. the controlateral side was performed same procedure. After bilateral sympathectomy, chest tubes were removed, and then, he was discharged 2 days after operation with great satisfaction. The ETS provides a well-tolerated, cost-effective alternative to thoracic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis and sympathetic mediated neuropathic pain disorder. And T2 ganglion is considered the key ganglion for the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. The low incidence of compensatory sweating may by explained by the limited extent of the sympathectomy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.851-860
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• 2011

Purpose: Reduction by simply assembling bones is recognized as treatment for a zygoma fracture. However, in patients who originally had a protruding zygoma, the fractured parts look like malarplasty after the edema subsides, giving a soft impression which patients notice. Thus, we created symmetry through simultaneous contralateral malar reduction in a unilateral zygoma fracture. Methods: In this study, the patients who had surgery between July, 2008 and December, 2009 with admission were object. In 76 patients with a zygoma fracture, the patients with bilateral zygoma fractures were excluded. Among 48 patients who had a reduction only after a unilateral zygoma fracture, the patients hoping for a reduction of their rough protruding zygoma were analyzed with front cephalometry. The study progressed on 22 patients who had simultaneous contralateral malar reduction in a unilateral zygoma fracture with consent. After fixing the fracture, we did a straight zygoma osteotomy through a 1.5 cm intraoral incision. After that, we created symmetry with a special ruler and fixed the broken zygomatic arch with a screw and plate. We evaluated the facial index and satisfaction with a statistical analysis before and after the surgery. Results: In 22 patients, there was no reoperation except for 1 patient who had a zygoma fracture. None of the patients were treated for infection or hematoma. Two patients complained of paresthesia after the malar reduction operation, but this subsided in 4 months. Most of them were satisfied with the malar reduction, especially the women, and we obtained a better mid facial contour with decreased facial width ($p$ <0.05). Conclusion: Existing zygoma fracture surgery focuses on anatomical reduction. However, we need to have a cosmetic viewpoint in fractures as interests of face contour arise. Thus, contralateral malar reduction got a 4.7 (range 0~5) from patients who had malar reduction surgery in our hospital. Although adjusting to all zygoma fractures has limitations, it can be a new method in zygoma fractures when there are limited indications of protruding zygoma and careful attention is given to patients' high demands.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 1999

경골 과간 융기부의 견열 굴절은 비교적 드물지 않게 관찰되는 손상으로, 전위된 견열 골절편은 해부학적 정복과 견고한 고정을 필요로 한다. 그러나 관절경적 수술 방법을 포함한 대부분의 잘 알려진 수술 방법들은 비교적 복잡한 수술 기법과 정교한 수술 술기를 필요로 하며, 이에 따른 수술 시간의 지연과 수술 합병증으로 창상 감염, 조기 성장판 폐쇄 및 조기 관절 운동을 제한하는 고정력의 소실 등이 발생할 수 있다. 이에 저자들은 전외측 및 중앙부, 내측 mid-patella 입구를 사용한 관절경적 기법을 이용하여, 골편의 정복에 삽관 나사못을 사용함으로써, 비교적 짧은 수술 시간 안에 만족스런 정복과 고정을 얻을 수 있었으며, 술 후 조기에 능동적 관절 운동을 허용할 수 있었다. 또한 분쇄 골절의 경우 와셔를 사용함으로써 만족스런 고정을 얻을 수 있었다. 저자들의 방법은 수술 기법의 용이함과 금속 제거 시의 안전성, IV형 분쇄 골절에도 적용할 수 있는 점, 추가적인 피부 절개가 필요없다는 점, 성장기 소아에서 성장판의 손상 가능성을 줄일 수 있는 등의 장점이 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.775-778
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• 2006

비후형 심근증은 심근의 부적절한 비대로 유발되며 호흡곤란, 흉통, 실신, 그리고 급사에 이르기까지 다양한 임상 양상을 보인다. 이러한 증상은 주로 좌심실유출로의 협착으로 인해 발생하며 이를 해결하기 위해 심실중격절제술이 고안되었다. 하지만 기존의 고전적인 중격절제슬은 대동맥절개술을 통해 진행되었으며, 이는 심실 중격의 중앙부위에 병변이 존재할 경우 시야 확보의 어려움과 병변으로의 접근이 용이하지 않아 극히 일부분의 심실중격절제술만을 시행할 수밖에 없었다. 따라서 좌심실 유출로의 협착 및 승모판막의 수축기전방운동 등이 완벽하게 해결되지 않는 경우가 흔하였고 이러한 경우 환자의 증상 호전과 생존기간의 연장에도 한계가 있었다. 본 증례에서는 이러한 환아에게서 좌심실 심첨부의 절개를 통해 비후된 유두근과 건삭을 포함한 광범위 중격절제술(extended septal myectomy)을 시행하였다. 수술 후 환아의 증상은 호전되었으며 심초음파 및 방사선학적 소견상 특별한 문제없이 10개월째 외래 경과 관찰 중이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2013

Background: This study aims to evaluate whether or not the method of right vertical axillary minithoracotomy (RVAM) is preferable to and as reliable as conventional sternotomy surgery, and also assesses its cosmetic results. Methods: Thirty-three patients (7 males, 26 females) with atrial septal defect were admitted to the Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic of Cukurova University from December 2005 until January 2010. The patients' ages ranged from 3 to 22. Patients who underwent vertical axillary minithracotomy were assigned to group I, and those undergoing conventional sternotomy, to group II. Group I and group II were compared with regard to the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative variables. Group I included 12 females and 4 males with an average age of $16.5{\pm}9.7$. Group II comprised 14 female and 3 male patients with an average age of $18.5{\pm}9.8$ showing similar features and pathologies. The cases were in Class I-II according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification, and patients with other cardiac and systemic problems were not included in the study. The ratio of the systemic blood flow to the pulmonary blood flow (Qp/Qs) was $1.8{\pm}0.2$. The average pulmonary artery pressure was $35{\pm}10$ mmHg. Following the diagnosis, performing elective surgery was planned. Results: No significant difference was detected in the average time of the patients' extraportal circulation, cross-clamp and surgery (p>0.05). In the early postoperative period of the cases, the duration of mechanical ventilator support, the drainage volume in the first 24 hours, and the hospitalization time in the intensive care unit were similar (p>0.05). Postoperative pains were evaluated together with narcotic analgesics taken intravenously or orally. While 7 cases (43.7%) in group I needed postoperative analgesics, 12 cases (70.6%) in group II needed them. No mortality or major morbidity has occurred in the patients. The incision style and sizes in all of the patients undergoing RVAM were preserved as they were at the beginning. Furthermore, the patients of group I were mobilized more quickly than the patients of group II. The patients of group I were quite pleased with the psychological and cosmetic results. No residual defects have been found in the early postoperative period and after the end of the follow-up periods. All of the patients achieved functional capacity per NYHA. No deformation of breast growth has been detected during 18 months of follow-up for the group I patients, who underwent RVAM. Conclusion: To conclude, the repair of atrial septal defect by RVAM, apart from the limited working zone for the surgeon in these pathologies as compared to sternotomymay be considered in terms of the outcomes, and early and late complications. And this has accounted for less need of analgesics and better cosmetic results in recent years.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.300-305
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• 2005

Purpose: For the reconstruction of maxillofacial defect created by trauma, infection, or tumor etc, the role of microvascular anastomosis or vessel graft has been increased. Many methods has been tried to increase the success rate of microvascular anastomosis. Various anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents have been used to reduce the failure rate of microvascular anastomosis and avoid re-operation. Many drugs, however, have been used in the limited cases because most of these drugs may cause complications, such as allergy, fever or systemic bleeding. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of the Argatroban on patency and thrombosis in microvascular anastomosis when it is used for local irrigation or general administration. Materials & methods: Eight mature rabbits, weighing 2kg, were used. After exposing both femoral veins, the artificial thrombotic model was made by crushing injury using a smooth needle holder, and the transverse incision were made on femoral vein. The animals were divided into 4 groups according to Argatroban administration methods; control group (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with saline solution; experimental group 1 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with Argatroban saline solution; experimental group 2 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with heparin followed by intravenous injection of Argatroban; experimental group 3 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with Argatroban followed by IV of Argatroban. Microvascular anastomosis was done with 10-0 Ethilon. The patency was evaluated by empty-and-refill test 30 minutes and 3 days after microanastomosis. The thrombus formation was examined 3 days after microanastomosis by surgical microscope. The histologic findings were also examined. Results: 1. Thirty minutes after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all experimental groups was better than that of control group, but there was no significant difference among groups. 2. Three days after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all experimental groups was more improved than that of control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among experimental groups. 3. Three days after microvascular anastomosis, the amount of thrombus in all experimental groups was less than that of control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among experimental groups. 4. Histologically, a lot of luminal thrombus was observed around sutured area in control group. Few luminal thrombus was observed in all experimental groups. The necrotic changes were observed on the sutured vein wall in all specimens. Conclusion: These results indicate that topical irrigation and/or intravenous administration of Argatroban is effective in improving patency and preventing thrombus formation after microvascular anastomosis.