• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.291-302
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was a secondary data analysis aimed at identifying the predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the home-dwelling disabled person by using EQ-5D which is a standardized instrument used as a measure of health outcome. Methods: Data were drawn from the 3rd Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW). Subjects were 1,021 home-dwelling disabled persons over 19 years of age. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation, one-way ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: HRQoL (Health Related Quality of Life) is differentiated within age, genders, educational level, employment status, economic status, types and grades of disability, health problems associated with limited mobility, and the limited duration of time. HRQoL is correlated with age, number of cohabiters, educational level, grades of disability, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental ADL (IADL). HRQoL is significantly associated with ADL, health problems in connection with limited mobility, employment status, types of disability, marital status, grades of disability, and the limited duration of time. These factors explained 63.7% of variance in HRQoL. Conclusion: HRQoL among the disabled is related to their characteristics, ADL, and IADL. For this reason, it is necessary to develop health programs to promote those variables required to improve HRQoL.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.225-231
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a method to accelerate BWN based on FPGA with limited resources for embedded system. Because of the limited number of logic elements available, a single computing unit capable of handling Conv-layer, FC-layer of various sizes must be designed and reused. Also, if the input feature map can not be parallel processed at one time, the output must be calculated by reading the inputs several times. Since the number of available BRAM modules is limited, the number of data bits in the BWN accelerator must be minimized. The image classification processing time of the BWN accelerator is superior when compared with a embedded CPU and is faster than a desktop PC and 50% slower than a GPU system. Since the BWN accelerator uses a slow clock of 50MHz, it can be seen that the BWN accelerator is advantageous in performance versus power.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 1986

Drought occurs most frequently and severely around transplanting season of the rice plants in Korea. Shortage of water due to drought for the paddy fields often delays transplanting, and less often the rice plants are subjected to water stress after delayed transplanting. The present study aimed at quantification of the rice crop loss due to delayed transplanting, different inten3ity of water stress, and the combined effect of delay in transplanting followed by water stress for better use of limited water for irrigation under drought. The rice variety Chucheong, a japonica, and Nampung, an indica x japonica, were grown, transplanted to 1/200 a plastic pots, and subjected to different timing of transplanting and degree of water stress under a rainfall autosersing, sliding clear plastic roof facility with completely randomized arrangement of 5 replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1.Twelve days or 22 days delay in transplanting without water stress reduced rice yield by 25% and 43% in the japonica variety, and by 15% and 60% in the indica x japonica variety. 2.The 10 days or 20 days water stress developed without irrigation after drainage in the rice plants transplanted at proper time lowered the water potential at the paddy soil 10cm deep to -4 bar, and -12 bar and caused rice yield reduction by 14%, and 45% in the japonica variety and by 8%, and 50% in the indica X japonica variety. 3.The 12 days delay in transplanting and 10 days or 20 days water stress reduced rice yield by 39% and 59% in the japonica variety, and by 38% and 52% in the indica x japonica variety. The 22 days delay in transplanting plus 10 days water stress caused yield reduction by 76%, i.e. meaningless yield, in both varieties. 4.The intermittent irrigation just to wet the soil body for 10 days after 10 days water stress without irrigation increased rece yield by 12 to 16% compared to the rice plants water stessed without irrigation continuously for 20 days in both varieties respectively. 5.The above results suggest strongly 1) to transplant the rice plants at proper .time even with some water stress rather than delay for sufficient water from later rainfall, and 2) to distribute insufficient irrigation water to broader area of transplanted rice with limited irrigation for better use of limited irrigation water. A greater sensitivity of japonica variety to a moderate water stress than the indica X japonica variety during initial rooting and tillering stage was noticed. To cope with frequent drought in rice culture, firstly the lasting time of transplanting without yield reduction should be clarified by region and variety, and secondly a scheme of rational distribution of limited water should be developed by region with better knowledge on the varietal distribution of limited water should be developed by region with better knowledge on the varietal responses to varying intensity of water stress.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.673-692
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• 2011

Advances in computer technology have enabled us to develop and use numerical landscape evolution models (NLEMs) for exploring the dynamics of geomorphic system from a variety of viewpoints which previously could have not been taken. However, as of yet there have been no trials using or developing NLEMs in Korea. The purpose of this research is to develop a 2 dimensional NLEM on a geological time scale and evaluate its usefulness. The newly developed NLEM (ND-NLEM) treats bedrock weathering as one of the major geomorphic processes and attempts to simulate the thickness of soil. As such it is possible to model the weathering-limited as well as the transport-limited environment on hillslopes. Moreover the ND-NLEM includes not only slow and continuous mass transport like soil creep, but also rapid and discrete mass transport like landslides. Bedrock incision is simulated in the ND-NLEM where fluvial transport capacity is large enough to move all channel bed loads, such that ND-NLEM can model the detachment-limited environment. Furthermore the ND-NLEM adopts the D-infinity algorithm when routing flows in the model domain, so it reduces distortion due to the use of the steepest descent slope flow direction algorithm. In the experiments to evaluate the usefulness of the ND-NLEM, characteristics of the channel network observed from the model results were similar to those of the case study area for comparison, and the hypsometry curve log during the experiment showed rational evidence of landscape evolution. Therefore, the ND-NLEM is shown to be useful for simulating landscape evolution on a geological time scale.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4853-4856
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• 2016

Objective: Gimatecan is a new camptothecin (CPT) analogue that inhibits tumor growth by targeting DNA topoisomerase I (TOP I) and introducing strong and persistent DNA cleavage. Anti-tumor activity has been demonstrated with a wide range of solid tumors in previous preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we investigated for the first time the effects of gimatecan on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Anticancer efficacy of gimatecan were evaluated in a panel of HCC cell lines and corresponding mouse xenograft models. Inhibition of cell proliferation was measured by CellTiter-Glo cell viability assay. In vivo, gimatecan and control preparations were orally administered every four days, for a total of four times. Tumor volume and body weights of the mice were measured twice weekly. Results: In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation showed that gimatecan inhibited the proliferation of a large panel of HCC cell lines in a dose dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging between 12.1~1085.0 nM. In vivo evaluation in mouse xenograft models showed significant antitumor effects of gimatecan at 0.8mg/kg and 0.4mg/kg as compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study suggested that gimatecan may have the potential to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.9A
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• pp.2173-2183
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• 1998

We consider a frequency-hopped multiple-access communication system that employs reed-solomon code over GF(Q) and M-ary FSK signaling ($M{\leq}Q$) in rayleigh fading channel. We investigate the tradeoff among the modulation symbol size (M), the number of frequency slots, and the code rate in maximizing the average number of successfully transmitted information bits per unit time and unit bandwidth (called normalized throughput). We find that it is desirabel to use a large M in noise-limited environment. In interference-limited environment, it is more improtant to prevent errors (hits) by increasing the number of frequency slots than to correct them with formward error correction techniques or to reduce the error rate by increasing M.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2005

This paper presents characteristics of a virtual human's navigation using a limited perception-based mapping. Previous approaches to virtual human navigation have used an omniscient perception requiring full layout of a virtual environment in advance. However, these approaches have a limitation on being a fundamental solution for a human-likeness of a virtual human, because behaviors of humans are basically based on their limited perception instead of omniscient perception. In this paper, we integrated Hill's mapping algorithm with a virtual human to experiment virtual human's navigation with the limited perception. This approach does not require full layout of the virtual environment, 360-degree's field of view, and vision through walls. In addition to static objects such as buildings, we consider enemy emergence that can affect an virtual human's navigation. The enemy emergence is used as the variable on the experiment of this present research. As the number of enemies varies, the changes in arrival rate and time taken to reach the goal position were observed. The virtual human navigates by two conditions. One is to take the shortest path to the goal position, and the other is to avoid enemies when the virtual human encounters them. The acquired result indicates that the virtual human's navigation corresponds to a human cognitive process, and thus this research can be a framework for human-likeness of virtual humans.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 1998

In this paper, a new auto-tuning PI controller for the speed servo system of a PMSM is designed by using limited step response characteristics. The method is proposed that gets information about auto-tuning of PI regulator by the injection of step input, called limited input, during a transient response time of control. System parameter estimation and speed control could be continuously executed. This means that in despite of system uncertainty the system information obtained by limited input can be continuously applied to the PI regulator. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed auto-tuning algorithm through simulation and experiment result of the speed control for a PMSM having monotone increasing step response.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.5B
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• pp.310-317
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• 2008

Data collision in LR-WPAN(Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network) causes retransmission of which energy consumption may reduce life of the entire network. Furthermore LR-WPAN is very sensitive to collision as it has relatively fewer frequencies of backoff retries. LCS(Limited Contention Scheme) suggested in this study is a way to transmit data by certain groups of the total nodes so that it can reduce possibilities of data collision and retransmission by decreasing the number of competing nodes. As a result LCS can increase a throughput and the life of the entire network. As using LCS in designing LR-WPAN in the future can extend battery life, LCS can be useful in any application that requires low energy consumption.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1423-1435
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• 2010

Building wireless sensor networks requires a constituting sensor node to consider the following limited hardware resources: a small battery lifetime limiting available power supply for the sensor node, a low-power microprocessor with a low-performance computing capability, and scarce memory resources. Despite such limited hardware resources of the sensor node, the sensor node platform needs to activate real-time sensing, guarantee the real-time processing of sensing data, and exchange data between individual sensor nodes concurrently. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an energy-efficient real-time task scheduling technique for battery-powered wireless sensor nodes. The proposed energy-efficient task scheduling technique controls the microprocessor's operating frequency and reduces the power consumption of a task by exploiting the slack time of the task when the actual execution time of the task can be less than its worst case execution time. The outcomes from experiments showed that the proposed scheduling technique yielded efficient performance in terms of guaranteeing the completion of real-time tasks within their deadlines and aiming to provide low power consumption.