• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2002

The proper conditions for cold storage of milt in four species of flatfish were investigated. Various diluents were tested for the preservation of marbled sole, brown sole, starry flounder and olive flounder milt at $1\pm0.5^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The most effective diluent was $1\%$ NaCl for marbled sole and Stein's extender for brown sole, starry flounder and olive flounder. After 7 days of storage in different dilution ratios (milt: diluent), marbled sole milt diluted with 1:3-10 and brown sole, starry flounder and olive flounder milt diluted 1:1-10 maintained good sperm activity index (SAI). SAI was affected by storage volume and presence of antibiotic. SAI was lower after 7 days storage in the volume of 1.5 mL than in 0.5 or 1.0 mL. SAI after 29 days storage was markedly enhanced by addition of antibiotic in marbled sole (400 ppm gentamicin, 400 ppm neomycin, 200-400 ppm streptomycin), brown sole (600 ppm gentamicin), starry flounder (1,000 ppm gentamicin) and olive flounder (200-1,000 ppm gentamicin, 200-400 ppm neomycin, 200-1,000 ppm streptomycin).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.317-320
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• 2003

Morphologically similar fish species were subjected to the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using universal rice primer (URP). The fish species tested were sea basses (Lateolabrax japonicus and L. maculatus), eels (Anguilla japonica, A. bicolor bicolor, A. rostrata, and A. anguilla), and flounders (Limanda yokohamae and L. herzensteinin). Highly reproducible RAPD patterns were observed with several potential species-specific markers. The results indicate that RAPD technique using URP is useful for distinguishing fish psecies in a rapid manner.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.143-157
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• 2001

To determine seasonal fluctuations in abundance and species composition of the fishes, samples were collected by bottom trawl off Kohung Penisula from February to December 1999. A total of 7,197 fishes were sampled and identified into 123 species, 54 families, 13 orders and 2 classes. Of the 13 orders, Perciformes, Scorpaniformes, Pleuronectiformes and Tetraodontiformes accounted for approximately 82.9% of the total. Gobiid fishes were dominant, representing 13 species. Leiognathus nuchalis, Konosirus punctatus, Engraulis japonicus, Ilisha elongata, Trichiurus japonicus, Argyrosomus argentatus, Ditrema temmincki, Takifugu niphobles, Hexagrammos otakii and Lateolabrax japonicus accounted for 71.4% of the number of individuals. Mugil cephalus, Sebastes schlegeli, Lateolabrax japonicus, Konosirus punctatus, Hexagrammos otakii, Conger myriaster, Liparis tanakai, Seriola quinqueradiata, Trichiurus japonicus, Sebastiscus marmoratus and Limanda yokohamae accounted for 50.7% of the total biomass. The number of species showed a seasonal variation, higher in spring, summer and autumn than in winter. The Largest numbers of individuals and greater biomass were observed in August. The economic fishes of this area were Konosirus punctatus, Engraulis japonicus, Mugil cephalus, Sebastes inermis, Sebastes schlegeli, Sebastes oblongus, Sebastiscus marmoratus, Platycephalus indicus, Hexagrammos agrammus, Hexagrammos otakii, Lateolabrax japonicus, Epinephelus akaara, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, Seriola quinqueradiata, Pagrus major, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Argyrosomus argentatus, Oplegnathus fasciatus, Trichiurus japonicus, Pampus echinogaster, Paralichthys olivaceus, Kareius bicoloratus, Limanda yokohamae and Takifugu porphyreus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 1983

The right eye flounders, Limanda yokohamae Gunther widely distributed in the coastal waters of Korea and Japan. On Feburuary 3, 1983, the authors obtained a number of artificial fertilized eggs from the adult fishes(male: 285mm in total length; female: 297mm) caught by a trawl. The eggs of this species is demersal and adhesive, and the diameter of these eggs was varied in $0.71{\sim}0.80mm$. The egg capsule is colorless and transparent, and the eggs do not contain any oil globules, The hatching took place in 120 hour after fertilization at the water temperature $5.5{\sim}17.0^{\circ}C$. The newly hatched larvae were $2.64{\sim}2.72mm$ in total length with long trunk. Myotome number was $9{\sim}10+30{\sim}32=39{sim}42$ and yellowish brown melanophores were appeared. In 3 days after hatching out. The larvae attained 3.3mm in total length, and the mouth began to move. Xanthophore appeared also on the opereulum at this time. After 7 days the larvae attained 3.70mm in total length, and became the postlarvae absorbing the yolk completely.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 1990

Age and growth of the Marbled Sole Limanda Yokohamae in Tokyo Bay were studied by otolith reading of 1,070 fishes from May 1986 to April 1988. Examination of the outer margins of the otoliths showed that the hyaline zone as annulus was formed once a year and that its formation was completed at the end of the spawning season (Feb. to Apr.). Growth of the fish was expressed by the von Bertallinffy's equaion as Lt=255.7{1-exp[-0.505(t-0.149)]} for males and Lt=376.9{1-exp[-0.303(t-0.202)]} for females, where Lt is standard length in mm and t is age in years. It was found that the growth of males and females differs, with the females showing a higher growth than the males at each estimated age. Growth in body weight was also examined. Most of the fish examined were found to be not more than three years old, although the oldest fish were four years old for males and seven years old for females.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 1999

A total of 43 species, 493 individuals, and 89,367.1 g of fishes were collected by a gill net in the coastal water off Goeje Island. Samples were collected by bimonthly from February to October, 1996. The dominant species were Stephanolepis cirrhifer, Ditrema temmincki, Hexagrammos otakii, Limanda yokohamae, Sebastes schlegeli, Paralichthys olivaceus, which accounted for 61.7% of the total numbers and 66.3% of biomass of fish collected. Fishes collected in the study area were mainly consisted of coastal species, but a few fishes were migratory species including Stephanolepis cirrhifer, Pleuroniohthys cornutus, Paralichthys oliuaceus, Thamnaconus modestus, Pagrus major, Engraulis japonicus. The number of species and abundance showed a peak in October, and low in February. Monthly species diversity indices ranged between 1.99 and 2.81, and high in June.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.649-658
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• 1995

In order to estimate the level of genetic differences among the pleuronectid species, mitochondrial DNAs were isolated from four species: brown sole, Limanda herensteini; marbled sole, Limanda Yokohamae; stone flounder, Kareius bicoloratus; starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, and the number of nucleotide substitutions was calculated by the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFIPs) generated by f4 sin base recognition restriction endonucleases. Total lengths of the mitochondrial DNA were measured as about 17.6 kbp in all species. Ten different composite genotypes were observed in brown sole, four different genotypes in marbled sole, and two different genotypes in starry flounder. However, only one genotype was observed in stone flounder. The calculated haplotypic diversity value of brown sole was higher than that of marbled sole. The average number of nucleotide substitutions per sites in four species was estimated to be 0.0045 in the intraspecies, 0.0344 in the interspecies, and 0.0457 in the genera, respectively. From these results, we could estimate that the genetic differences among interspecies were not influenced by nucleotide substitutions but genetical discontinuous.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.320-324
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• 2000

Fish were collected by an otter trawl from December 1995 to July 1997 in Suyoung Bay, Korea. The temperature ranged from $12.0 to 27.7^{\circ}C$ and salinity ranged from $31.2 to 34.45{\%}_{\circ}$, The number of species, number of individuals and biomass of fish collected were 52 species, 2,006 individuals and 63,580 grams, respectively. The demersal fish predominated in the number of individuals ($90.4{\%}$) and biomass ($81.4{\%}$). The diversity index (H') was $1.5{\~}2.6$, The dominant species were Platycephalus indicus, Limanda yokohamae, Siliago sihama and Hexagrammos otakii.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 2012

Changes of fish assemblage inhabiting around Dae Island in Gwangyang Bay, Korea were investigated using a small beam trawl monthly from March 2009 to February 2010. These data were compared with those obtained in previous studies(1990~1991 and 1995~1996) at our study sites. A total of 8,133 fish belonging to 74 species in 38 families were collected. Leiognathus nuchalis, Argyrosomus argentatus, Acentrogobius pellidebilis, Sillago japonica, Apogon lineatus, Thryssa hamiltoni, Repomucenus richardsonii, Pholis nebulosa, Pleuronichthys cornutus, Hexagrammos otakii, and Limanda yokohamae dominated, and these were responsible for 89.5% and 58.9% in the number of individuals and in biomass, respectively. These were primarily small species or early juveniles of larger species. Seasonal variation in both species composition and abundance was large: the peak number of fish species occurred in May and October 2009, whilst both number of individuals and biomass were the highest in May 2009. Fish numbers as well as biomass was lowest in January and February 2010. Seasonal changes in the abundance of fishes corresponded with temperature. Compared with the previous studies, the total number of individuals and biomass per unit area($m^2$) were higher, and the predominance of L. nuchalis occurred while abundances of Liparis tanakai were significant decreased. These results seemed to be change of species composition in fish assemblage which was due to variation of annual environmental characteristics in Gwangyang Bay.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.445-452
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• 1996

Endogeneous activities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$-like enzyme in various tissues from several finfishes and shellfishes were examined by histochemical analysis based on X-gal staining and by fluorimetric measurement using 4-methylumbelliferyl-${\beta}$-D-galactoside (4-MUG). Species used in this study were 3 freshwater fishes, mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ; 3 marine fishes, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), stone flounder (Kareius bicoloratus) and marbled sole (Limanda yokohamae) ; and 4 shellfishes, abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), Pacific oyster (Crassoskra gigas), pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) and ark shell (Anadara broughtonii). The activities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$-like enzyme in all finfishes examined were significantly different among species, with the wide variations between tissues in a species. In general, the tissues such as kidney, intestine and liver were ones which showed the significantly higher values in 4-MUG fluorimetry and deeper staining patterns in X-gal analysis compared to other tissues. On the other hand, serum and muscle revealed the significantly lower activities than others did, regardless of species. Shellfishes were also found to have endogenous activities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$-like enzyme which were significantly varied depending on both species and organs in a species. Hepatopancreas from all shellfishes examined showed the deepest pattern in X-gal staining and also the highest value in 4-MUG analysis, while activities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$-like enzyme in adductor muscles and mantle muscles from all shellfish species in this study except Pacific oyster were negligible : Pacific oyster had the significant activity of this enzyme in muscle tissues. Putative endogenous lacZ fragment was amplified from both finfishes and shellfishes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The molecular size of PCR products was about 510 bp, and there was no difference in size among species examined.