• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2001

In $\lambda$-Zap II vector system, a cDNA library was constructed for the developing secondary xylem mRNA from hybrid poplar, Populus nigra x maximowiczii. A cDNA clone of 1.5 kb in size, pOMTB1.4 encoding a lignin-bispecific O-methyltransferase was screened by plaque hybridization using a probe of 540 bp cDNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction from the cDNA library and identified by nucleotide sequencing. Its nucleotide sequence contains one open reading frame of 366 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence in comparison with that of Populus tremuloides showed the differences of 9 amino acids and revealed 85-99% homology among alfalfa, poplar and aspen.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2002

The two stage laccase-assisted delignification process led to significant lignin removal in the non-pressurized treatments. It is clearly shown that an alkaline extraction prior to the second laccase treatment significantly increased the overall delignification by ∼15%. This is in line with the contention that the residual lignin has undergone structural changes during the alkaline extraction, and the resulting modified structures are susceptible to the laccase oxidation. In phenolic hydroxyl group, the pre- methylated sample was very responsive to the delignification process. The phenolic hydroxyl groups could be increased during side chain cleavage catalyzed by laccase. This finding demonstrates that the delignification oi etherified structures is an important reaction in the delignificaton by laccase.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2001

백색부후균 Trametes versicolor(CV5) 균주에 의한 wood lignin의 분해능을 조사하였다. CV5는 활엽수와 침엽수에 속하는 여러 수종의 프로토 리그닌 분해 시 활엽수에 한해서 분해되는 특성을 보였으며, 특히 상수리나무에서 33.5%의 가장 높은 리그닌이 분해되었다. 리그닌 분해에 관련된 phenoloxidase 분비능을 Bavendamm 시험을 통해 검토한 결과 CV5는 지금까지 연구된 우수 백색 부후균과 같은 유사 반응 형태를 나타내고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 상수리 목재 chip표면에 CV5의 균사가 생육하면서 목재조직이 부후된 상태를 주사전자 현미경으로 관찰한 결과 목섬유 및 도관에서 균사의 침투와 목재조직의 분해를 확인하고 리그닌에 대한 높은 선택적 분해력을 갖고 있음을 구명하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.583-593
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• 2013

본 연구는 크라프트 리그닌의 염기 촉매 분해(Based Catalyst Depolymerization, BCD)반응에서 생성되는 반응물의 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 초임계 메탄올을 용매로 하고 염기 촉매로 사용한 NaOH의 농도를 7.5, 3.25, 6.13%로 변화를 주었다. BCD 반응물에서 불용성 고형 부산물, 수용성 부산물과 각 부산물에서 diethyl ether로 추출하여 DEE-1, DEE-2를 얻었고 그 화학적 조성을 분석하였다. 실험 결과 염기의 농도가 높아질수록 불용성 고형 부산물이 많이 생성된 반면 수용성 분액분의 수율은 낮아졌으나 DEE 추출분의 수율은 차이가 없었다. 불용성 부산물에서 추출한 DEE-1은 GC/MS 분석 결과 BHT외에 페놀성 화합물은 검출되지 않았다. 대부분의 저분자 리그닌 분해 산물은 DEE-2에서 GC/MS를 사용하여 30개 이상의 피크가 관찰되었고 21개 성분이 확인되었다. 7.5와 3.25%의 NaOH를 사용한 반응의 DEE-2 주성분은 catechol (20.3, 17.7%), 4-methylcatechol (18.2, 15.6%), 3-methoxycatechol (9.6, 14.5%), syringol (8.9, 10.9%)등으로 주로 catechol 계열의 화합물이었다. 1.63%의 NaOH를 사용한 반응의 DEE-2 주성분은 syringol (22.3%), isovanillic acid (12.6%), 3-methoxycatechol(12.1%), 4-methylcatechol (11.7) 등으로 나타났다. 염기의 농도가 저분자 페놀성 화합물들의 전체적인 수율에는 영향이 없었지만 3.25와 1.63%의 농도를 경계로 성분 조성에 큰 영향을 주는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.600-612
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• 2015

We investigated the optimization of the organosolv pretreatment of yellow poplar for bioethanol production. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal conditions of three independent variables (reaction temperature, reaction time, and sulfuric acid (SA) concentration). Reaction temperature is the most significant variable in the degradation of xylan and lignin in the presence of an acid catalyst, and ethanol production increased with a decrease in the lignin content. The highest ethanol concentration ($42.80g/{\ell}$) and theoretical ethanol yield (98.76%) were obtained at $152^{\circ}C$ (2.5 bar) with 1.6% SA for 16 min. However, because of excessive degradation of the raw material, the overall ethanol yield was less than under other pretreatment conditions which has approximately 50% of WIS recovery rate after pretreatment. The optimal conditions for the maximum overall ethanol yield ($146^{\circ}C$ with 1.22% SA for 15.9 min) were determined with a predicted yield of 17.11%, and the experimental values were very close (17.15%). Therefore, the quadratic model is reliable.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.114.1-114.1
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• 2011

Bioenergy production from lignocellulosic biomass and agriculture wastes have been attracted because of its sustainable and non-edible source. Especially, canola is considered as one of the best feedstock for renewable fuel production. Oil extracted canola and its agriculture residues are reuseable for bioethanol production. However, a pretreatment step is required before enzymatic hydrolysis to disrupt recalcitrant lignocellulosic matrix. To increase the sugar conversion, more efficient pretreatment process was necessary for removal of saccharification barriers such as lignin. Alkaline pretreatment makes the lignocellulose swollen through solvation and induces more porous structure for enzyme access. In our previous work, aqueous ammonia (1~20%) was utilized for alkaline reagent to increase the crystallinity of canola residues pretreatment. In this study, significant factors for efficient soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment on canola residues was optimized by using the response surface method (RSM). Based on the fundamental experiments, the real values of factors at the center (0) were determined as follows; $70^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 17.5% of ammonia concentration and 18 h of reaction time in the experiment design using central composition design (CCD). A statistical model predicted that the highest removal yield of lignin was 54% at the following optimized reaction conditions: $72.68^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 18.30% of ammonia concentration and 18.30 h of reaction time. Finally, maximum theoretical yields of soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment were 42.23% of glucose and 22.68% of xylose.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2019

This study addresses the biorefinery feedstock from Pinus densiflora. This raw material is a major tree species in the Republic of Korea; it is renewable, has cost-effective, and is readily available. In this study, steam explosion of P. densiflora was performed in a reactor at $225^{\circ}C$ and with 1 to 13 min reaction times with or without previous water impregnation. The combined severity factor (Ro), which is an expression relating the reaction temperature and reaction time used in the steam explosion treatment, ranged from 3.68 to 4.79. The influence of both impregnation and steam explosion conditions were investigated by examining color variations, chemical composition, and mass balance on the pretreated solids. The results showed that steam-exploded P. densiflora that was not impregnated with water exhibited significantly darker color (chroma 28.8-41.4) than water-impregnated and steam-exploded P. densiflora (chroma 18.8-37.3). The increased ${\alpha}$-cellulose and lignin contents were detected as the severity factor increased. Furthermore, the ${\alpha}$-cellulose and lignin contents in the non-impregnated/steam-exploded P. densiflora were higher than those in the water-impregnated/steam-exploded P. densiflora. However, the decreased holocellulose content was detected as the severity factor increased. In mass balance, the holocellulose yield from water-impregnated/steam-exploded P. densiflora was higher than that from the non-impregnated P. densiflora.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.80-84
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• 1991

Lignocellulosic biomass including acetosolv ricestraw and spruce lignin were liquefied and converted into liquid hydrocarbons by catalytic hydroliquefaction reaction. These experimental works were carried out in 1-liter-capacity autoclave using 50% tetralin and m-cresol solution respectively as soluble solvent and Ni. Pd. Fe and red mud as catalyst. $H_2$ gas was supplied into the reactor for escaltion of deoxhydroenolysis reaction. Catalyst concentrations were 1 % of raw material based on weight. The ratio between raw materials and soluble solvent are 1g and 10cc. The reaction conditions are 400-$700^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, 10-50 atms of reaction pressure. The highest yield of hydrocarbon, so called "product oil" showed 32% and 5.5% of lowest char formation when red mud was used as catalyst. The product oil yields from those of other catalysts were in the range of 20-29%. The influence of different initial hydrogen pressures was examined in the range d 30-50 atms. A minimum pressure of 35 atms was necessary to obtain a complete recovery of souble solvent for recycling.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2007

톱밥 및 왕겨를 주 바이오매스 원으로 선정하여 열분해 특성을 고찰하였다. 열 중량 분석기를 이용하여 승온 속도를 달리하여 질소 분위기의 비등온 조건에서 열분해 분석을 수행하였다. 시료의 열분해 반응은 holocellulose가 주 열분해 대상인 저온 반응 영역과 lignin이 열분해 대상이 되는 고온 반응 영역으로 구분되며 이를 2단계 연속 반응 모델을 사용하여 해석하였다. 각 영역에 따라 1st order reaction model과 3-way transport model을 적용하여 톱밥 및 왕겨의 활성화 에너지를 저온 영역에서 82.5 kJ/mol, 85.1 kJ/mol 그리고 고온 영역에서 19.7 kJ/mol, 22.0 kJ/mol로 결정하였다. 승온 속도를 달리하여 결정된 반응 속도 상수는 Gaur-Reed의 제안 식에 따라 kinetic compensation relation을 통해 해석할 수 있었으며 이를 통해 임의의 승온 속도에서의 열분해 속도 상수를 잘 예측할 수 있었다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.524-527
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• 2000

An electroenzymatic system to oxidize veratryl alcohol of on electrodes with in-situ generated hydrogen peroxide was studied. We investigated hydrogen peroxide generation, current efficiency, and veratryl alcohol oxidation in the electrode system at various conditions. The reaction rates of veratryl alcohol oxidation were compared in an electrochemical, an electroenzymatic, and an usual biochemical systems to prove the concept of electroenzymatic oxidation.