• 한국포장학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 국내 페트병의 경량화 가능성을 파악하기 위해 780종 이상의 빈용기 무게와 표시 용량의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 페트병은 사용목적에 따라 상압병(생수류), 내열병(쥬스류), 내압병(탄산류), 및 장기보관사용병(소스류)으로 구분하였으며 수집된 빈용기 무게와 표시 용량을 기반으로 각 페트병 종류별 경량화 지수(Lightness Index; L)를 산출하였다. 페트병 원천감량 설계 시 이용가능한 권고 기준 및 최적 기준을 경량화 지수를 이용하여 설정하였다. 예로 500 mL 생수병을 감량화 설계 기준에 맞게 생산할 경우 최적기준 반영시 약 4 g의 감량화가 가능하다. 작성된 설계 기준은 이미 관련 업계에 배포되었으며 생수병을 중심으로 적정 기준 정도의 경량화가 이루어지고 있다. 제시된 페트병 설계 기준은 국내외에서 출시된 페트병을 분석하여 무게 분포 특성을 반영한 결과이므로 현재 출시된 제품의 경량화 정도와 향후 개발되는 제품이 시장에서 어느 정도의 원천감량설계인지 알 수 있는 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2013

국내 유리병 포장의 개선 방향을 제시하기 위하여 유리병 경량화 지수를 이용하여 유리병 재질 사용 원천 감량을 위한 적정 기준을 설정하였다. 제품의 구분은 사용목적과 사용시간에 따라 일회용병과 다회에 걸쳐 장기간 두고 쓰는 반복사용병(returnable bottle) 및 장기보관 사용 일회용 유리병으로 구분하여 설정하였다. 재사용병의 대부분은 권고기준을 충족하고 있는 것으로 나타났으나 해외 제품의 경우 같은 품목임에도 지수가 최적기준에 준하는 수치를 보여 현저하게 낮은 지수를 보였다. 일회용 유리병 중 소용량 드링크류 유리병은 권고기준을 충족하지 못하여 감량할 필요성이 있는 품목군으로 판단된다. 반면 일회용 유리병 중 180 ml 주스류에 해당되는 품목은 평균적으로 권고기준에 가까운 지수를 보였다. 분석 결과, 해외 제품에 비해 국내 제품의 유리병 경량화 지수가 커 상대적으로 무거운 유리병을 사용하고 있는 것으로 나타나 경량화를 위한 노력이 필요하다고 판단된다. 일본의 경우 일본 유리병 재활용 촉진 협의회를 중심으로 유리병 경량화 지수를 이용하여 유리병의 친환경성을 평가하고 있다. 국내에서 업계의 자발적인 감량화 노력을 유도하는 협의회 구성이 필요하며 경량병 사용시 불이익 발생하지 않는 기술력을 확보해야 한다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.277-282
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• 1992

This study was designedto investigate changes in phsicochemical properties of rice extrudate with added glycerin fatty acid ester extruded by single screw extruder. According to emulsifier content, expansion ratio and water solubility index were represented minimum in rice extrudate with added 2.0% and 2.5% glycerin fatty acid ester. Extrudate with added 1.5% emulsifier revealed lowest break strength and bulk density, so got a tender and light texture. Meanwhile water absorption index was showed maximum at 1.5% emulsifier content. As emulsifier content increased, lightness raised. By the microstructure obsorved with image analyzer, addition of emulsifier had decreased area and fractarea of air cells of cross section of extrudates. On the results of this research, quality of extrudate with added 1.5% glycerin fatty acid ester was considered very well than 100% rice extrudate, because of tender and light texture, highest water absorption indexand fine structure with higher lightness.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2020

In contemporary times, there is an increasing demand for a dedicated healthcare environment, all over the world. The main motivation for this demand is the level of awareness manifested by the users and reflected on their expectations. Therefore new research strategies and design actions are investigated in order to answer to the users' needs and to provide objective design tools for the specialist. This study continues a series of previous developments of the Healthcare Environment Color Index that should be used for public facilities in Korea and abroad. The cross-cultural approach is a new opportunity for exchanging know-how and for testing and calibrating the perception of the users on the color index. The gathering of results was made based on the online survey provided in this phase in English version for the Romanian users. The survey was intended as an objective mean of research and an efficient way of disseminating information on the subject thus contributing to increasing the level of awareness of the users. A total of 86 Romanian and 89 Koreans with valid answers took part in the survey. Comparative visualizations of the results showed significant similarities concerning the patterns of color preferences but also cultural and emotional differences. As a result both categories of users proved to be aware of the relation between healthcare environment color and its effects on health. They also showed a common understanding on the potential of the color index. As a result the most appealing colors to be applied to the healthcare environment were the series G and B, and the most effective ones were proved to be the ranges of high lightness and low saturation but also the medium high lightness and medium saturation. Both the similarities and the differences of choice between Romanians and Koreans show that cultural and emotional differences of color recognition are important and that should be taken into consideration in design, in order to generate an inclusive and efficient healthcare environment.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1990

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effects of field productivity, variety and nitrogen rate on the yield, quality, chemical constituents and physical properties of burley cured leaf in three field with different productivity(Degree of field productivity: A ; high, B ; medium, C : low) during successive two years(1988~89). The yield and quality were remarkably lowered when nitrogen fertilizer being applied much in low productive field. As compared with Burley 21, KB101 showed high yield, particularly the yield of KB101 in low productive field was relatively high. The effect of nitrogen rate on the yield was somewhat different according to field productivity and production year. When the nitrogen fertilizer being applied above 22.5kg/10a, the added nitrogen had no effect on the yield. Total nitrogen content of cured leaf grown in low productive field was high while total alkaloid was low, therefore total alkaloid/total nitrogen ratio was remarkably low. The lightness, red and yellow color of cured leaf grown in low productive field was remarkably low. As compared with Burley 21, the contents of total alkaloid and total nitrogen and shatter resistance index of cured leaf was somewhat low, while the filling power, lightness, red and yellow color were slightly high. Total nitrogen content of cured leaf was increased remarkably by nitrogen addition, but total alkaloid was not increased though the nitrogen fertilizer being applied above 22.5kg/10a. The filling power and shatter resistance index of cured leaf grown in high nitrogen plot, and the lightness and yellow color were low while the red color was relatively high. It comes into question that the visual quality being increased as well as increment of yield and nitrogenous compounds by nitrogen addition in high productive field. In low productive field, it is considerable that nitrogen addition for high yield should be prohibited because it causes the decrement of yield and quality, on the contrary.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.47-55
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• 1996

UV transmission spectra of water-soluble acrylic resin films containing hydroxybenzophenolic, hydroxyphenylbenzotriazolic UV absorber and HALS(hindered amine light stabilizer) were investigated by exposure time(before exposure weathered for 160 and 320hours) in QUV Weather-Ometer. Also the YID(yellowness index difference), LID(lightness index difference) and CD(color difference) of dried water-soluble acrylic resin films and the coated woods of Larix leptolepis were analyzed by addition level of UV absorber(0, 1, 2 and 3%) and HALS(0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%) and by exposure time in QUV Weather-Ometer. They showed no significant effects on UV transmission spectra of dried water-soluble acrylic resin films in the range of 300 to 400nm irrespective of exposure time. However, UV transmission decreased as increase of exposure time. UV transmission spectra were lower in dried water-soluble acrylic resin films containing hydroxybenzophenolic UV absorber and HALS than in these containing hydroxyphenylbenzotriazolic UV absorber and HALS in the range of 350 to 400nm. The least YID, LID and CD in the coated woods of Larix leptolepis appeared at the addition level of 3%, based on non-volatile content, in hydroxybenzophenolic and hydroxyphenylbenzotriazolic UV absorber, and of 1.5% in HALS to water-soluble acrylic resin.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.772-779
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• 1989

분리대두단백의 조직화에 대한 스크류 회전속도와 원료 수분함량의 영향을 조사하였다. 수분함량이 증가함에 따라 토출구온도는 감소하였으며 210rpm에서 가장 높은 온도를 나타내었다. 수용성 질소지수는 수분함량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며 고속보다는 저속에서 감소폭이 컸다. 조직잔사지수는 낮은 수분함량과 고속 rpm에서 높게 나타났으며 조직감의 강도는 이와 반대의 경향이었다. 또한 원료의 수분함량이 증가할수록 최종 압출성형물의 수분함량이 증가하였고 고속 rpm일수록 낮은 수분함량을 나타내었다. 밀도의 경향도 이와 일치하였다. 재흡수력의 경우는 수분함량 30%에서 최고치를 나타내었으며 고속 rpm에서 증가하였다. 복원전의 명초는 복원 후 보다 높은 수치를 보였고 고속회전일 수록 명도가 밝아졌다. 성상에 있어서도 저수분, 고속 rpm에서 높은 명도와 높은 정화도가 관찰되었다. 분산분석을 통해서 스크류 회전속도보다 원료의 수분함량이 조직화 성질을 나타내는 각 지표에 더 깊은 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

본 연구는 고도 차이 혹은 수송 거리의 차이가 한우(거세우 및 암소)의 도체특성, 표면육색 및 혈중 cortisol 농도 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 실시되었다. 공시동물은 총 190두로 이중 거세한우는 118두 암소는 72두였다. 자료는 사육 고도(100, 200, 300, 400 및 500 m) 혹은 수송 거리(50, 100, 150, 200 및 250 km)에 따라 분석하였다. 사육 고도의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소의 육량 및 육질 형질 변화에 미치는 영향은 적었으며, 수송 거리의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소의 육량 형질에 미치는 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수송 거리의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소의 근내지방도, 육색 및 지방색에 미치는 영향과 사육 고도 혹은 수송 거리의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소 등심의 명도, 적색도, 황색도, 선명도 및 색상색에 미치는 영향은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 암소의 경우 사육고도 100 m에서 200 m에 비해 등심의 명도가 증가되었으며(p<0.05), 거세한우의 경우 수송 거리 250 km 그리고 암소의 경우에는 200 km에서 등심의 명도가 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 한편, 혈중 cortisol 농도는 낮은 사육 고도에 비해 높은 사육 고도에서 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나, 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 수송 거리가 거세한우 및 암소의 cortisol 농도에 미치는 영향은 없었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과에서 사육 고도 혹은 수송 거리가 한우의 생산성에 미치는 영향은 적은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations of marbling characteristics, including marbling score, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and fleck traits, with meat quality traits and histochemical characteristics of the longissimus thoracis muscle from Hanwoo steers. Marbling fleck characteristics, especially area, number, and fineness (F) index, measured by computerized image analysis were strongly correlated with marbling score and IMF content (p<0.05). However, coarseness (C) index and F/C ratio were somewhat limited relationships with marbling score. In contrast, the IMF content and the number of smaller white flecks increased with increasing lightness value (p<0.05). Moreover, beef with higher marbling scores showed lower cooking loss and Warner-Bratzler shear force value compared to beef with lower marbling scores (p<0.05). Regarding the muscle bundle traits, as number of bundle increased, number of marbling flecks increased (p<0.05), although most marbling characteristics did not have significant correlation with muscle fiber or bundle characteristics.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.169-179
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the bleaching efficacy of three nonvital bleaching techniques: Walking bleaching, Walking bleaching and heat application, and Walking bleaching and bleaching light application. 36 extracted anterior teeth with intact crowns were immersed in 5 % sodium hypochlorite solution for twenty-four hours to loosen extrinsic debris. Lingual access openings were prepared in all teeth and the pulps were extirpated. The teeth were stored in 5% sodium hypochlorite for twenty-four hours to open the dentinal tubules and they were stained via whole blood. Once the teeth were stained, they were evaluated with Colorimeter. The teeth in each group were ranked from lightest to darkest and divided equally into three experimental groups in which the following bleaching techniques were used. Intracoronal base was placed 2mm below cementoenamel junction. Group 1 Walking bleaching (Superoxol + Sodium perborate) Group 2 Heat application + Walking bleaching (Superoxol+Sodium perborate) Group 3 Light application+Walking bleaching (Superoxol+Sodium perborate) The bleaching agents were changed every 3 days and the teeth were bleached for a total of 14 days. The teeth were evaluated with Colorimeter before the start of any bleaching and on day 14. The results were as follows: 1. At the end of 14 days, all the sample teeth demonstrated the increase of Lightness Index at cervical 1/3 of crown (p<0.05) Lightness Index was significant difference in group 2 and 3, but there were some minor differences among groups (p>0.05). 2. In all groups, there was significant difference in red chromacity (p<0.05), but there were some minor differences among groups (p>0.05). 3. In all groups, there was no significant difference in yellow chromacity (p>0.05).