• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.140-152
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• 2011

The purposes of this study are to analyze the gap between foodservice personnel and customers, to urge foodservice providers to reconsider by identifying the problems in service delivery for customer satisfaction, and to deduce the recognition for foodservice quality improvement. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: the average perception score of personnel(3.78 out of 5) was higher than that of customers(3.79). In particular, the customers' perception of 16 attributes, which included 'overall lighting in the restaurant', 'creativity of the food', 'freshness of the ingredients' and so on, was significantly lower than personnel's. Both service providers and customers perceived that 'meal quality' was the highest and 'table setting' was the lowest among the 4 factors, but there was significant difference on 'interior space(p<.001)', 'meal quality (p<.01)', 'convenience(p<.01)' between the two groups. As a results of the quadrant analysis, 'Q3. dishes and bowls', 'Q6. cleanliness of the tables', 'Q12. display of the food', 'Q17. comfort of the interior space', 'Q18, room temperature', 'Q23. overall lighting in the restaurant', 'Q30. arrangement of the furniture and accessaries' were categorized into Quadrant A, all of which showed dissatisfaction of the customers due to the personnel's lower perception. Therefore, service providers have to perceive the gap between the two viewpoints and grant priority to these attributes to improve foodservice quality.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2002

3D computer applications provide various functions such as modeling, rendering, animation, lighting and so on. Lighting is the core element in that light visualizes shape and develops characteristics of surface. In spatial design, light is the most important factor in deciding color, texture and illumination level which are the basic factors of spatial design. The purpose of this study is to define the characteristics of lighting in digital space provided by the computer, based on the fact that physical space cannot be separated from digital space, and to show how light in the physical realm relates to computer graphics technologies. This study shows there are following characteristics of light in digital space; iconic light, modifiable surface, shadowless light, 2-dimensional perception, and the particulate aspect of light but not the wave aspect of light. Light in physical or digital space is capable of producing a visual sensation. The experimental space can be realized due to the lack of physics. Further study in new illumination procedures are required as computer media expands.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.57-66
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• 2015

PURPOSES: Nighttime driving is very different from daytime driving because drivers must obtain nighttime sight-distances based on road lights and headlights. Unfortunately, nighttime driving conditions in Korea are far from ideal due to poor lighting and an insufficient number of road lights and inadequate operation and maintenance of delineators. This study is conducted to develop new standards for nighttime road visibility based on experiments of driver perception for nighttime visibility conditions. METHODS : In the study, perception level and satisfaction of nighttime visibility were investigated. A total of 60 drivers participated, including 34 older drivers and 31 young drivers. To evaluate driver perceptions of nighttime road visibility, fuzzy set theory was used because the conventional analysis methods for driver perception are limited in effectiveness for considering the characteristics of perception which are subjective and vague, and are generally expressed in terms of linguistic terminologies rather than numerical parameters. RESULTS : This study found that levels of nighttime visibility, as perceived by drivers, are remarkably similar to their satisfactions in different nighttime driving conditions with a log-function relationship. Older drivers evaluated unambiguously degree of nighttime visibility but evaluations by young drivers regarding it were unclear. CONCLUSIONS : A minimum value of brightness on roads was established as YUX 30, based on final analyzed results. In other words, road lights should be installed and operated to obtain more than YUX 30 brightness for the safety and comfort of nighttime driving.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.44-53
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• 2013

This study has attempted to investigate how subjects perceive changes of brightness and their visual comfort according to daylight responsive LED(Light Emitting Diode) dimming systems in the office with venetian blind. Two studies was conducted. First study is that how subjects perceive changes of brightness and their visual comfort depending on angle control method of the venetian blind while the workplane illuminance level is being maintained through daylight responsive LED dimming system. Second study is that how subjects perceive changes of brightness and their visual comfort depending on the amount of daylight penetrated into the building while the illuminance level is being maintained through daylight responsive LED dimming system. The results of this study could be proposed as basic data in the control of the venetian blind and LED lighting in consideration of their perception on changes of brightness and visual comfort.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.87-94
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• 2012

Kruithof demonstrated the preferred combination of illuminance levels and color temperatures. However, as Benett pointed out, difference of themal variables in such preference may be expected. The purpose of this study is to clarify the combined effects of lighting conditions(illuminance, color temperature), operative temperature on the human physiological and psychological responses. In order to observe operative temperature change in preference of color temperatures for three illumination levels, three subjects were exposed to two different conditions of color temperatures of 2,850K, 4,200K and 6,850K combined with operative temperatures(OT) of $25{\sim}31^{\circ}C$ at 100~1000lx. Thermal sensation vote and comfortable sensation vote, brightness perception vote were reported in each experiment conditions. The following results were obtained : 1) When illuminace level was at 100lx in operative temperatures of OT $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, Color temperature affect not themal sensation but Warm-cool sensation. 2) Operative temperatures affect not brightness perception vote but visual comfort sensation vote, satisfactive sensation vote, warm-cool sensation vote and themal sensation vote.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.371-378
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• 2014

We understand the real form with light and it make us to visualize the world. Hence, light have got a great influence on formative arts in many ways from ancient time to now. Invisible and substantial light is described by many representational tools in various way and project the illusion. Projected illusion caused the change in human and general social culture. For such a reason, the representation of light is most important issue without distinction of age, space and genre. Now we are faced with CGI light just same as real light. So we need to study about properties of CGI light representation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1043-1064
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• 2020

A kind of Subjective Imaging Effect Assessment (SIEA) method and its applications on intelligent imaging terminal design in engineering site are presented. First, some visual assessment indices are used to characterize the imaging effect: the image brightness, the image brightness uniformity, the color image contrast, the image edge blur, the image color difference, the image saturation, the image noise, and the integrated imaging effect index. A linear weighted function is employed to carry out the SIEA computation and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is used to estimate its weights. Second, a SIEA software is developed. It can play images after the settings of assessment index or assessment reaction time, etc. Third, two cases are used to illustrate the application effects of proposed method: the image enhancement system design for surveillance camera and the imaging environment perception system design for intelligent lighting terminal. A Prior Sequential Stimulus (PSS) experiment is proposed to improve the evaluation stability of SIEA method. Many experiment results have shown the proposed method can realize a stable system design or parameters setting for the intelligent imaging terminal in engineering site.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2015

The museum is a important place to inform the value of various antiquities and relics. The museum, founded in domestic, were increased 90% in 2013 compared to 2006, and total number of including private museums were increased more than three times over the past decade. There are installing a variety of illumination and air-conditioning system, such as the spot lighting of exhibition explanation. But the exhibition explanation should not happen to visual perception disabilities by lighting. According to ICOM (International Council of Museum), it is stipulating that the museum should not to occur glare. However, we confirmed some occurred the glare and it was lack of previous studies about prevention plan. In this study, we verified occurrence of the glare by illumination angles and visitor's eye-level. The luminance values were determined by using DSLR camera and illuminometer. As a result, when illumination angle is 90 degree, the glare did not occurred by the luminance value ratio of over 0.167 regardless of eye-level. By contrast, the angle 30 degree was appeared glare with all level. And this study was compared luminance values that obtained through experiment and surveying.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

LED lighting has an advantage of adjusting color temperature. This change of color temperature may derive change in behavioral and physiological responses of the visual perception for indoor environments. This research examined the changes of behavioral and physiological responses caused by the color temperature. The environment was configured that the indoor temperature was 20 degrees centigrade or less as the perceived uncomfortable environment in winter. Then, the comfortable sensation vote (CSV) and the results of 3-back working memory test were measured as behavioral responses. In addition, the Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured as the responses of autonomics nervous system (ANS) in the three conditions of color temperature (red: 3862K, white: 5052K, blue: 11,460K). As a result, behavioral responses were not significant by the condition of color temperature, but the tendency of occupants' physiological relaxation appeared in the blue color temperature condition compared with the white color temperature condition. Although the color temperature of LED lighting might be a small factor in terms of the characteristics of indoor environment, it suggests that the color temperature could have an impact on the physiological changes in the parasympathetic nervous system.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 2023

With the development of VR technology, the visual immersion of VR games has been greatly enhanced nowadays. There has been an issue that has been troubling players in previous VR games, which is motion sickness. Therefore, VR games have been limited in terms of game mechanics, game duration, and game scale, greatly reducing the immersive experience of visual immersion. However, <Half-Life: Alyx> is different from previous VR games in that players can actually perform spatial displacement in the game scene, rather than being fixed in one place for 360-degree observation and interaction. At the same time, compared to traditional games, VR games no longer need to rely on screens, and the complete visual immersion enhances the fun and playability of the game. This research focuses on the VR game <Half-Life: Alyx> to explore its immersive factors in terms of visual perception. Through in-depth analysis of elements such as color, texture mapping, lighting, etc. in VR games, it was found that the game creates a strong sense of visual immersion in these aspects. Through analysis, it is helpful to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to visual immersion in VR games, which has certain reference value for game developers and related professionals.