• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.41-52
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• 2004

Recently, park usage for environmental education has gained popularity in Seoul. Therefore this study was performed by analyzing the status and problems of nature classrooms in neighborhood parks and citizen's parks that are located in residential areas in Seoul, and then by suggesting improved methods and user programs. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) 18 out of 281 neighborhood parks and citizen's parks have nature classrooms in Seoul. Facilities of nature classroom are comprised of direction signs, plant name card, pond, pavilion, pergola, bench, green house, waste baskets, lighting, drinking fountain and others. However, they have many problems in terms of quality. Nature classrooms were classified into three types according to their location in each park. Among the three types, the most popular type was the one that is a part of a park A Total of 479 species of plant (155 species in tree, 324 species in herb) were planted in nature classrooms. There are many kinds of environmental education user programs, but these are not connected with the nature classrooms. Most nature education programs in nature classrooms were self-guided. 2) The Problems that appeared were the featureless place composition, a lack of programs related to nature classrooms, access restriction to certain natured areas, and so on. 3) Finally, this study suggests some solutions to the problems of nature classrooms in urban parks. The solutions include full access to the parks, the creation of diverse theme, and setting up interesting panel and leaflets in order to encourage more active self-guided education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.721-731
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of VMD consciousness on importance of VMD components and clothing purchasing behaviors of university students. The research method was survey and subjects were 545 male and female university students in Chungnam province. The questionnaire consisted of 4 measuring instruments; VMD consciousness, importance of VMD components, clothing purchasing behaviors, and demographic attribution. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, $X^2$ test, t-test, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, university students had high VMD consciousness and attended to fashion trend, brand image, product information, and enjoyment of shopping, and felt appetite to purchase. Second, university students considered store arrangement and show window display as the important VMD components to purchase clothing. Third, university students were categorized into 3 consumer types(shopping/brand pursuit type, utilitarian information pursuit type, and trend/information pursuit type) by VMD consciousness. Forth, the consumer types by VMD consciousness showed many differences in importance of VMD components and clothing purchasing behaviors. Shopping/brand type considered show window display, cleanness and lighting/music/properties/color as more important VMD components, and used more money to purchase clothing and shopped more often than other consumer types.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.350-354
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• 2017

In this study, the DIAlux program was simulated for the optimal conditions of daylight and artificial light sources(LED) in a glass greenhouse. From the results of the daylight simulation, the optimal design conditions for the glass greenhouse were established, which had a $90^{\circ}$ installation angle and a higher transmittance of glass. In the case of growing lettuce in a glass greenhouse, it was compared with artificial light sources, the artificial light source (LED) was used to produce a power consumption effect of 41%. These results suggest that lettuce be grown in an energy saving glass greenhouse.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.8-23
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• 2011

Weeds are one of the major constraints to crop production in organic farming systems. This paper reviews major results and techniques achieved with physical, cultural, and biological weed control and their perspectives in organic agriculture. Physical methods includes mechanical, thermal, lighting, electrocution, pneumatic, autonomous robot weeding control techniques. Cultural weed control methods includes mulching, tillage, crop rotation, cover crops and crop competition. Physical and cultural weed control techniques are especially important in organic farming crops where other weed control options are limited or not available without use of herbicides. Biological weed control includes mycoherbicides, innundative biological control, broad-spectrum biological control and allelopathy. Successful weed management in organic farming requires well managed integrated systems of mechanical control using newly developed machines, cultural control and biological control methods. Weed management decision-aid models may also needed to develop to provide greater assurance of achieving profitability and appropriate long-term weed management in organic farming in the future.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-62
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify how the components of a fashion show can influence the perception of the spectators, and what the spectators most like in a fashion show. Through the analysis on the literature reviews and in-depth interviews with professional's organizing fashion shows we established a list of the main components, which allowed us to set up a questionnaire. The results regarding the viewing satisfaction of the spectators at a fashion show were investigated and came out as follows: First, the components of fashion show are generally viewed to be four factors: the program, the directing, the model, and the sets. These four factors are influencing the perception of the spectators and are very important to the success of a fashion show and the enjoyment of a fashion show by spectators. Second, it is shown to us that the most influential factor for the perception is 'the directing'(stage scenery, background music, lighting, effects etc.), and the next is 'the sets'(convenience seat, display, service facilities etc.). So, in order to raise the level of satisfaction for the spectators, it is advisable to concentrate on these two main factors. Finally, we would suggest that the organizer of a fashion show shall carefully analyze how spectators understand and perceive the components of a fashion show. This study provides information about how the components of a fashion show can influence the spectator's perception and presents suggestions on how to improve a fashion show by reorienting it towards the satisfaction of the spectator. In addition, there needs to be a strategy by customer satisfaction experience to reinforce a customer-oriented fashion show and heighten a viewing satisfaction for spectators.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.86-90
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• 2017

$Tb^{3+}$ or $Eu^{3+}$ or $Ce^{3+}$-doped $CaYAlO_4$ phosphor were synthesized by solid-state method. $CaYAlO_4:Tb^{3+}$ is shown that the $Tb^{3+}$-doping concentration has a significant effect on the $^5D_4/^5D_3{\rightarrow}7F_J$ (J=6,...,0) emission intensity of $Tb^{3+}$. The $CaYAlO_4:Tb^{3+}$ phosphors show tunable photoluminescence from blue to yellow with the change of doping concentration of $Tb^{3+}$ ions. The $CaYAlO_4:Eu^{3+}$ phosphors exhibit a red-orange emission of $Eu^{3+}$ corresponding to $^5D_0$, $_{1,2}{\rightarrow}^7F_J$ (J=4,...,0) transitions. The $CaYAlO_4:Ce^{3+}$ phosphors show a blue emission due to $Ce^{3+}$ ions transitions from the 5d excited state to the $^2F_{5/2}$ and $^2F_{7/2}$ ground states. The decay time of $CaYAlO_4:Tb^{3+}$ phosphors decrease from 1.33 ms to 0.97 ms as $Tb^{3+}$ concentration increases from 0.1 mol% to 7 mol%. The decay time of $CaYAlO_4:Eu^{3+}$ phosphors increase from 0.94 ms to 1.17 ms as $Eu^{3+}$ concentration increases from 1 mol% to 9 mol%.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyze social phenomena and perceptions by collecting and analyzing data on public opinion, views and trends related to special case of military service in the sports community through Big KINDS operated by the Korea Press Promotion Foundation. To this end, the related keywords were derived and visualized by implementing a LDA(latent dirichlet allocation) technique to derive problems found in social phenomena based on big data analysis. The topics derived include "re-lighting special case on military service," " military service corruption controversy," "special case of military service for athletes," "alternative military service system for artists " and "parliamentary inspection of the administration" This could be used as a basic data for identifying accurate information on social controversies related to special case of military service in the sports community and drawing up practical measures that are considered in line with the principle of just and equal burden.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2019

This study is about an efficient synthesis of $360^{\circ}$ video and 3D graphics. First, the video image filmed by a binocular integral type $360^{\circ}$ camera was stitched, and location values of the camera and objects were extracted. And the data of extracted location values were moved to the 3D program to create 3D objects, and the methods for natural compositing was researched. As a result, as the method for natural compositing of $360^{\circ}$ video image and 3D graphics, rendering factors and rendering method were derived. First, as for rendering factors, there were 3D objects' location and quality of material, lighting and shadow. Second, as for rendering method, actual video based rendering method's necessity was found. Providing the method for natural compositing of $360^{\circ}$ video image and 3D graphics through this study process and results is expected to be helpful for research and production of $360^{\circ}$ video image and VR video contents.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2022

Image production using three-dimensional (3D) programs undergoes a process called rendering to visualize 3D data. Because this process is time-consuming and costly, the reduction of rendering cost has emerged as an important problem that requires resolution. This work aims to overcome the limitations of the current 3D image production pipeline and propose a method for reducing the production time by adopting a game engine for real-time rendering. In the experiment conducted in this study, rendering using Maya (a 3D production program) and Unity were compared and analyzed. The analysis results indicate that Unity enables rendering in real time; consequently, the rendering cost is reduced. Moreover, the quality of the rendered image is similar to that produced by Maya. The proposed technique involves reducing the render time and providing guidance through access to a real-time rendering engine.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.202-211
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• 2022

In the pasteurization of escalator handrails using ultraviolet (UV) sterilizers, a combination of light distribution and escalator speed has priority over other important factors. Furthermore, since part of the escalator handrail has a curved structure, proper design is needed to improve the sterilization rate on the surfaces touched by users. In this paper, two types of sterilizers satisfying these conditions are manufactured with 275-nm UV-C LEDs, after modeling the three-dimensional (3D) structure of an escalator handrail and simulating optical distributions of UV-C irradiation on the handrail's surface according to light-emitting diode (LED) positions and reflector variations in the sterilizers. Pasteurization experiments with the UV-C LED sterilizers are conducted on six types of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with exposure times of 0.2, 5, and 15 s at an actual installation distance of 20 mm. The sterilization rates for the gram-positive bacteria are 10.63% to 27.94% at 0.2 s, 89.44% to 96.30% at 5 s, and 99.64% to 99.88% at 15 s. Those for the gram-negative bacteria are 57.70% to 77.63% at 0.2 s, 98.90% to 99.49% at 5 s, and 99.88% to 99.99% at 15 s. The power consumption of the UV-C LED sterilizer is about 8 W, which can be supplied by a self-generation module instead of an external power supply.