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The Impact of Population Aging on Energy Use and Carbon Emissions in Korea (인구 고령화가 에너지 사용과 탄소 배출에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Dong Koo;Park, Sunyoung
    • Journal of Environmental Policy
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.99-129
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    • 2014
  • This research estimates the impact of population aging on energy use and carbon emissions by energy sources and by industrial sectors in Korea until 2035. For the estimation, the structural change in household consumption expenditure identified by the age-specific consumption pattern was analyzed in conjunction with energy and environment input-output tables. The estimation result presents that, despite the population aging, energy use and carbon emissions induced by household consumption continue to increase until 2026, and then that elevated levels of energy use and carbon emissions will be maintained for a considerable period of time. According to the estimation by energy sources, the use of natural gas will show substantial increase while the use of crude oil will switch to a downturn at a relatively early period. According to the estimation by industrial sectors, carbon emissions in the sectors with relatively high consumption share of old households such as medical health, dwelling, lighting, heating, air-conditioning, and food will have substantial increase, whereas those in the sectors associated with education, transport, catering, and accommodation services will turn downward relatively early. In addition, the study analyzes through policy simulation the impact of aging-related policy similar to the basic pension system, which is recently being discussed for legislation, on energy use and carbon emissions.

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Relationships between Learning Styles and Science Process Skills of Students of the Gifted Class in Elementary School (초등과학영재학급 학생의 학습양식과 과학탐구능력 간의 상관관계)

  • Choi Sun-Young;Song Hyeon-Jeong;Kang Ho-Kam
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.103-110
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between the learning styles and science process skills of students of the gifted class in elementary school. Subjects were forty-eight students of the gifted class who are in the fifth grade studying at the gifted class of S elementary school in Bucheon, M and Y elementary school in Incheon on learning styles and science process skills of students. Learning Style Profile (LSP) was used as instrument to survey learning style of students of the gifted class which was developed by NASSP, and consists of four categories (cognitive skills, perceptual response, orientation and teaming preferences) and twenty-four subscales. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the learning styles test, students of the gifted class have higher scores of spatial skill, sequential processing skill, persistence orientation, manipulative preference, temperature preference and afternoon preference than general class students, but they have lower scores of discrimination skill and lighting preference, and there were statistically significant difference. 2. In science process skills test, there were statistically significant difference between students of the gifted class and general students. 3. In the correlation between the learning styles and science process skills, there was positive correlation of observing skill with spatial skill and manipulate skill of cognitive skill domain. For classifying skill, there was positive correlation with visual perceptual response, but was negative correlations with auditory and emotive perceptual response of perceptual response domain and with evening preference and verbal risk orientation of study preference domain. For measuring skill, there was positive correlation with sequential processing skill of cognitive skill domain. For formulating hypotheses, there was controlling variables, there was positive correlation with sequential processing skill and simultaneous processing skill of cognitive skill domain, and with verbal-spatial preference and early morning study preference of study preference domain. When planning and managing the gifted class, it will be beneficial and effective to consider the meaningful relations between the elements of loaming style and science process skills in order to improve science process skills.

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The Effect of indoor illuminance depends on direction of the side windows lighting (측창채광의 방향에 따른 실내조도의 영향)

  • Cho, Shee-Man;Kim, Won-Joong;Jang, Woo-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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    • 2004.05a
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    • pp.253-260
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    • 2004
  • 실내의 조명은 자연채광방식과 인공조명으로 나누어지는데 자연형 채광방식에서도 측창채광과 천창채광, 정 측창채광 그리고 반사 채광방식이 있다. 측창채광은 벽면에 대하여 일반적으로 연직인 창에 의한 채광을 말한다. 측창채광의 방향에 따라 실내조도는 영향을 많이 받는다. 따라서 본 연구는 측창채광의 동서남북의 방향에 따라 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울의 계절에 따라 아침, 점심, 저녁시간대에 따라 변화되는 실내조도를 알아보았다. 실험방법은, 조명시뮬레이션 프로그램인 Lightscape V3.2를 사용하여 교실공간의 치수와 작업면의 높이를 가로 5.8[m], 세로 10.8[m], 높이 3[m], 작업면의 높이 0.75[m]로 정하였고, 각 시설물의 반사율[p]은 벽 80%, 창문 12%, 출입문 13%, 바닥 20%, 천장 85%로 지정하였으며 창문의 투과율은 88%로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서 측정하고자 하는 변수 값은 계절은 여름을 6월20일, 겨울은 1월20일 기준으로 하고 시간대는 09시, 13시, 18시로 하였으며 창측방위는 동, 서, 남, 북으로 정하였으며 계절과 시간은 가장 차이가 많이 나는 값을 선택하였다. 결론으로 창이 남쪽일 때 평균조도가 9,100[lx]로 가장 높았고, 시간별로는 점심에 19,590[lx]로 조도가 가장 높은 것을 알 수 있었고 조도 균제도는 창이 동쪽일 때 겨울에 가장 높았다. 창이 북쪽일 때는 여름이 겨울보다 평균조도가 약간 높았고, 시간별로는 아침에 조도가 약간 높은 것을 알 수 있었고 전체적으로 북쪽 창에서 실내조도가 현저하게 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과로 측창의 브라인드를 현재 사용하고 있는 수직 브라인드 대신에 수평 브라인드를 사용하여 주광의 범위를 넓게 조절하여 사용하게 하고, 점등제어를 현재 측창면과 수직으로 되어있는 배열을 수평으로 한다면 자연채광의 효과를 배가 할 수 있으리라고 사료된다. 미백 전, 미백후, 재광화 후 미세경도 변화 양상이 미백을 하지 않은 대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았으며 (p > 0.05) 미백 전과 미백 후의 미세경도의 차이 미백후와 재광화 후의 미세경도의 차이도 유의할 만한 차이가 없었다 (p > 0.05). 따라서 시중에 판매되고 있는 whitening strip과 미백 젤은 14일 동안의 통상적인 미백과정 동안 법랑질의 미세경도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다.able pitch와 helical angle보다는 근본적으로 radial land가 screw-in effect의 예방에 더 큰 역할을 하는 것으로 추정될 수 있다 따라서 NiTi file의 사용 경험이 없는 초심자의 경우 근단부 폭경의 유지능력이 좋은 ProFile$^{(R)}$의 사용이 추천된다.)되었다.였으나 강남콩군 외에는 단백질의 소화 흡수율 및 효율은 크게 향상되지 않아 단백질의 소화 흡수율을 떨어뜨리는 요인에 관한 연구가 집중적 으로 이루어져야 하리라고 생각된다.면 바로 위 지점의 풍속을 측정하였다. 각 Seeding 물질에 대해 팬을 켜지 않았을 때, 즉 바람의 영향이 없을 때 측정한 표면유속을 바람의 세기가 변한 경우의 기준 표면유속으로 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과 비중이 0.01 내외인 Ecofoam과 white polystyrene에 비해 비중이 0.92인 black polypropylene은 대부분이 물속에 잠겨 있어 흐름과 거의 일치하여 움직임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 흐름의 평균유속이 0.165 m/s의 저유속에서 바람이 tracers에 미치는 영향이 평균유속 0.558m/s인 경우보다 커서, 바람의 세기의 증가에 따라 표면유속 측정값이 급속히 감소되었다. 흐름의 평균유속이 큰 경우에는 바람이 tracer에 마치는 영향이 현격히 줄어듬을 보이고 있다. 결론적으로 유속이 증가함에 따라 바람의 영향은 감소하나, 바

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A Study on the Residential Environment and Residents' Consciousness of the Housing Complex Located in Waterfront -Focusing on Nishimiyahama and the southern part of Lake Biwa, Japan- (워터프런트에 입지하는 주거단지의 거주환경과 거주자의식에 관한 연구 -일본 니시미야하마지역과 비와코남부지역을 중심으로-)

  • Kon, Masayuki;Lee, Myung-Kwon;Yokota, Takeshi;Iida, Tadasu;Itami, Koji;Kawamura, Masato
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.393-400
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    • 2011
  • The residential complexes in waterfront provide the residents with pleasantness and comfort with their scenety and view in the surrounding watersides. However, it is currently true that there has little been established any designing plan utilizing the environmental characteristics of the waterfront. In this study, a survey was conducted on the residents of a Japanese waterfront. in Nishimiyahama and Lake Biwa, and conducted a comparative and analytic investigation regarding water-friendly activities, residents' consciousness of the housing environment, and reasons for the choice of residenve. From the results, we were able to obtain some suggestive points resulting from the differences of the aforementioned. We also fully comprehended that there are some issues and needs for solution for the environmental characteristics in the waterfront as well as for the damage incurred by salt breeze and insects. In addition, we realized that scenery and view toward watersides are becoming the important factors in the residents' consciousness regarding the housing environment. In case of planning housing complexes located in the waterfront, we keenly understood that "the size of a room", "ventilation", "view and daily lighting", and "securing privacy" are having effects on the residents' consciousness of their housing.

A study on digital locking device design using detection distance 13.4mm of human body sensing type magnetic field coil (인체 감지형 자기장 코일의 감지거리 13.4mm를 이용한 디지털 잠금장치 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, In-Sang;Song, Je-Ho;Bang, Jun-Ho;Lee, You-Yub
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 2016
  • This study evaluated a digital locking device design using detection distance of 13.4mm of a human body sensing type magnetic field coil. In contrast to digital locking devices that are used nowadays, the existing serial number entering buttons, lighting, number cover, corresponding pcb, exterior case, and data delivery cables have been deleted and are only composed of control ON/OFF power switches and emergency terminals. When the magnetic field coil substrates installed inside the inner case detects the electric resistance delivered from the opposite side of the 12mm interval exterior contacting the glass body part, the corresponding induced current flows. At this time, the magnetic field coil takes the role as a sensor when coil frequency of the circular coil is transformed. The magnetic coil as a sensor detects a change in the oscillation frequency output before and after the body is detected. This is then amplified to larger than 2,000%, transformed into digital signals, and delivered to exclusive software to compare and search for embedded data. The detection time followed by the touch area of the body standard to a $12.8{\emptyset}$ magnetic field coil was 30% contrast at 0.08sec and 80% contrast at 0.03sec, in which the detection distance was 13.4mm, showing the best level.

A Study on Improvement of Recycling Process of Waste Fluorescent Lamps (폐형광등 재활용 공정의 개선 연구)

  • Lee, Gee Hun;Lee, Dong Hoon;Song, Young Jun;Kim, Chang Kwon
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.61-74
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to improve the recycling process of waste fluorescent lamp, and investigate the possibility of using the waste fluorescent lamp glass as a raw material for glass beads, the leaching method of rare earth from the waste phosphor powder, and the possibility of solvent extraction of rare earth from the rare earth leaching solution. The waste phosphor contained 28.9% yttrium oxide, 3.46% cerium oxide, 1.95% europium oxide, 1.76% terbium oxide, and 1.43% lanthanum oxide. As a result of the trial production of glass beads using waste fluorescent lamp glass, it was judged that the production yield and quality were excellent, so that waste fluorescent lamp glass could be used as a raw material for glass beads. The soda roasted waste phosphor was leached in water and thereby the aqueous solution was blown with CO2 to drop the pH to about 7, Then, Al, Si and residual N2CO3 were dissolved, and NaAlCO3(OH)2 and SiO2 were precipitated in the aqueous solution. In the solvent extraction of cyanex272-hydrochloric acid, cyanex272-sulfuric acid, D2EHPA-hydrochloric acid, D2EHPA-sulfuric acid, Ionquest290-hydrochloric acid, Ionquest290-sulfuric acid, p507-hydrochloric acid using xylene as a diluent, the extraction yield of Y, Eu, Ce, La, and Tb are close to 100%. However, in this conditions, the difference in extraction yield for each element, that is, selectivity is 16% or less.

A Basic Study for Manufacturing High Refractive Beads from the Waste Fluorescent Glass (폐형광등 유리를 활용한 고굴절 글래스비드의 제조 연구)

  • Lee, Gee Hun;Lee, Dong Hoon;Song, Young Jun;Kim, Chang Kwon
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 2020
  • This study was carried out to get the optimum conditions for manufacturing high refractive glass beads from waste fluorescent lamp glass. Chemical composition, X-ray diffraction pattern, particle size distribution, refractive index of glass beads, and the effect of air mixing ratio and ejection rate were investigated. The obtained results are as follows. The X-ray diffraction pattern and chemical composition of glass beads made of waste fluorescent glass are similar to common glass except ReO2 0.0108 wt%, BaO 0.071 wt%, NiO 0.0039 wt% and CaO 7.8 wt% but 11.7 wt% of common glass. The glass beads made of waste fluorescent lamp glass have the narrower particle size distribution of and the higher refractive index than the glass beads made of common glass. The optimal conditions of kiln operation for manufacturing glass beads from waste fluorescent lamp glass are 20 m/sec of ejection rate, 1.7 of air mixing ratio, and 940℃ of temperature.

Robust Vision Based Algorithm for Accident Detection of Crossroad (교차로 사고감지를 위한 강건한 비젼기반 알고리즘)

  • Jeong, Sung-Hwan;Lee, Joon-Whoan
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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    • v.18B no.3
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    • pp.117-130
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to produce a better way to detect crossroad accidents, which involves an efficient method to produce background images in consideration of object movement and preserve/demonstrate the candidate accident region. One of the prior studies proposed an employment of traffic signal interval within crossroad to detect accidents on crossroad, but it may cause a failure to detect unwanted accidents if any object is covered on an accident site. This study adopted inverse perspective mapping to control the scale of object, and proposed different ways such as producing robust background images enough to resist surrounding noise, generating candidate accident regions through information on object movement, and by using edge information to preserve and delete the candidate accident region. In order to measure the performance of proposed algorithm, a variety of traffic images were saved and used for experiment (e.g. recorded images on rush hours via DVR installed on crossroad, different accident images recorded in day and night rainy days, and recorded images including surrounding noise of lighting and shades). As a result, it was found that there were all 20 experiment cases of accident detected and actual effective rate of accident detection amounted to 76.9% on average. In addition, the image processing rate ranged from 10~14 frame/sec depending on the area of detection region. Thus, it is concluded that there will be no problem in real-time image processing.

Analysis of Energy Consumption Pattern and Greenhouse Gas Emission in the Academic Facility (대학에서의 에너지 소비패턴 및 온실가스 배출현황 분석)

  • Kim, Jin-Sik;Lee, Kyoung-Bin;Lee, Im-Hack;Kim, Shin-Do
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.34 no.9
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    • pp.604-612
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    • 2012
  • Self-management plan for GHG (Greenhouse Gas) reduction should be prepared in academic facilities, which occupy a large amount of energy consumption. In this study, a university was chosen as one of the major academic facilities and its energy consuming pattern and GHG emission were analyzed. The results have shown that annual $CO_2$ emission from university buildings was 10,452 ton-$CO_2$ (0.65 ton-$CO_2/m^2$), and dependent upon 78.0% electricity, 20.5% LNG and 1.5% oil, respectively as energy sources. According to more detail analysis by usage of energy consumption, appliances occupies 36.7% followed by gas heating (18.9%), lighting (18.6%), heating with electricity (12.5%), cooling with electricity (10.2%), transportation (1.5%), gas cooling (1.2%) and cooking (0.4%). Furthermore, annual $CO_2$ emissions per unit area and a student by electricity usage were evaluated to 51.30 kg-$CO_2/m^2$ and 981.86 kg-$CO_2$/capita, respectively and those by LNG usage were 14.61 kg-$CO_2/m^2$ and 241.01 kg-$CO_2$/capita.

Cinematic Method on Kihachiro Kawamoto's works (카와모토 키하치로 작품의 영화적 표현 기법)

  • Park, Gi-Ryung
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.25
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    • pp.65-85
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    • 2011
  • In this essay, Japanese animator Kihachiro Kawamoto's works will be analyzed. Kawamoto made Breaking of Branches is Forbidden in 1968 and was famous for puppet animation as The Demon(1972), Dojoji Temple(1976) and House of Flame(1979) used Japanese traditional elements in his works. The themes are the agony and despair of a human being, and the narrative is developed dramatically. This is possible through a variety of techniques in animation expression. For example of this are the movement of the puppets and the lighting. In the case of Kawamoto's works, above all, it can be said that the dramatic development depends on editing - the relation of each shot to the next shot. Therefore, this analysis will focus especially on the editing of The Demon, Dojoji Temple and House of Flame. Kawamoto's method of editing will be examed and the analysis will confirm that classical continuity edting by controling space and time has been used. Namely that the effect of editing enhances dramatic development of the narrative on Kawamoto's works. This study will also discuss the benefit of using cinematic methods of in animation. Eventhough it is not essential, Kawamoto chooses cinematic method editing. Through their use, he is able to absorb the audience in the traditional Japanese world which ordinarily could be too difficult to understand through puppet animation.