• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2009

The effects of packaging materials on preserving the functional component of pine bud beverage stored under UV (ultraviolet) light exposure conditions were studied. The order of UV light blocking properties of the selected packages was: opaque can> opaque PET (polyethylene terepthalate) with green lamination=transparent PET with 10% PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) blending> transparent PET, and did not depend on film thickness in specified range. At 20${^{\circ}C}$, the order of preserving degree of original color and endobornyl acetate, which is quality index of pine bud beverage, was the same as above. Exposure to UV light can cause of deterioration of functional food components, but green color lamination and blending of PEN materials with transparent PET help to preserve the UV sensitive pine bud beverage components. However, the treated PET bottles have poorer preservation capabilities than the opaque cans. Transparent PET with PEN blending, in particular, will be very useful packaging material for colorful functional beverage preservation by helping to protect the ingredients while attracting consumer attention.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.173-182
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of light-cured glass ionomer cement to cavity walls. Class V cavities were prepared on the labial surfaces of extracted bovine incisor teeth. The cavities were restored with Fuji II as self-cured glass ionomer cement and Fuji II LC, Vitremer as light-cured glass ionomer cement. Fluorescent markers (fluoreceine and rhodamin B) were incorperated into liquid and primer for a better image of microscopic observation. Restored teeth were sectioned by longitudinal and labiolingual direction. The adaptability at the tooth-restoration interface was assessed incisally, axially and cervically by confocal scanning laser microscope. Following results were obtained : 1. Chemical-cured glass iomomer cement restoration showed close adaptation on the all of the cavity walls, but, cracks formed within the cement. 2. Light-cured glass ionomer cement restoration was well adapted to the cavity walls, but showed crack in the cement adjacent to axial dentinal wall. 3. There' was no significant difference in adaptability between two light-cured glass ionomer cement restorations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of shading conditions for appropriate light level for several floricultural plants native to Korea. The results under the different shading levels of 0, 30, 50, 60% and full sun light are as follows; Growth of Miscanthus sinensis and Pennisetum alopecuroides, which are heliophyte plants, were better under 30% shading condition than full sunlight. Higher shading levels was poor than control. Growth of Sedum spectable was decreased when light intensity was decreased. As shading level increased, growth reduction rate in Sedum spectable were higher than that of other species. Growth and ornamental value of Arisaema amurense, which is sciophyte plants, were increased under 50% shading.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.526-529
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• 2014

A recently developed Chinese cabbage cultivar, Shinhong Ssam, was cultured under different light conditions at a plant factory to evaluate effects of light on the production of functional compounds. The effects of the following combinations of red (R), blue (B), and white (W) LED light were compared to that of fluorescent light: R+B, R+W, and R+B+W. Under R+B light, the Chinese cabbage failed to grow well. In contrast, under R+W, R+B+W, and fluorescent light conditions, cabbages had similar growth rates. Cyanidin, the only anthocyanidin detected, accumulated in cabbages under LED conditions to levels more than 2-fold of that in cabbages grown under fluorescent light. Phenolic acid and flavonol levels varied subtly, whereas caffeic acid was found to be between 70- and 160-fold greater in LED-illuminated cabbages than in those exposed to fluorescent light. The amounts of free amino acids and sugars that affect the taste of vegetables were greater in the cabbages exposed to LED light than in those grown under fluorescent light conditions. In conclusion, R+W LED light produced Shinhong Ssam with greater nutritional value than those grown under R+B+W LED and fluorescent lights.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.16
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• pp.4.2-5
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• 1991

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2001

Experiment was performed to investigate the effect of light intensity on growth and flowering status of Korean native Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus, Sedum middendorifianum, Hemerocallis aurantiaca, Iris ensata var. spontanea and Aquilegia buergeriana var. oxysepola for effective landscaping. Number of floret and flower stalk per a plant were markedly increased under full sun(about 100,000lux), and decreased with decreasing light intensity in all tested plants. This result indicate that it will be cultivated in the open for promote landscaping values. However, leaf area and plant height were more increased under half sun(22,000lux) than open(100,000lux) or shade(7,700lux) in all plants except Sedum middendorifianum. Especially, Hemerocallis aurantiaca had same number of shoot and leaf size, even if planted under shade condition to show a wide adaptation to various light intensities.

• Carbon letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.214-224
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• 2007

The field of photocatalysis is one of the fastest growing areas both in research and commercial fields. Titanium dioxide is the most investigated semi-conductor material for the photocatalysis applications. Research to achieve $TiO_2$ visible light activation has drawn enormous attentions because of its potential to use solar light. This paper reviews the attempts made to extend its visible photocatalytic activity by carbon doping. Various approaches adopted to incorporate carbon to $TiO_2$ are summarized highlighting the major developments in this active research field. Theoretical features on carbon doping are also presented. Future scenario in the rapidly developing and exciting area is outlined for practical applications with solar light.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2015

Increase of national family income improved demand of high-quality and year-round horticultural products including chrysanthemum. To meet these demand, farmers have introduced protected facilities, such as greenhouses, of which environmental conditions could be monitored and controlled. Environment management up to three weeks after transplanting is critical for chrysanthemum quality. Artificial lighting and light-blocking screen are especially important for long-day (day period > 13 hours) and short-day (night period > 13 hours) treatments. In this study, a web-camera was installed, and the image was obtained and transmitted to mobile phones to monitor the status of 3-wavelength(RGB) lighting environments. RGB pixel values were used to determine malfunctioning of the lighting lamps, and leaking out and incoming illumination status during short-day and long-day treatment periods. Normal lighting lamps provided RGB pixel values of 240~255. During long-day treatment period, G pixel values were useful to detect abnormal lighting conditions (e.g., leaking). During short-day treatment period, R pixel values were useful to determine incoming light (e.g., sun-light). Results of this study would provide useful information for remote monitoring of light conditions for protected chrysanthemum production under artificial lights.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2012

Polymethylmethacrylate powders are commonly used to improve the spreadability and blurring effects of powder foundation cosmetics. In this study, the opacity and haze effect of four types of polymethylmethacrylate powders and their 10wt% powder foundation formulation was evaluated. The distorted random hemispherical particulates with both concave and convex portions showed the highest haze and opacity value as a single powder substance. And as a formulated phase, the powder foundation formulation containing particulates with fine pores provided the highest haze and opacity value. We also examined the quantity of reflected light over the angular range $20-75^{\circ}$ by polarized light goniophotometry. The total reflected light intensity, surface-reflected light, and internally reflected light were characterized. These studies demonstrated that hemispherical PMMA powders produce natural brilliance by creating high internally reflected light which is similar to the total reflection profile of artificial skin.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2013

A DBLP(Double blind light pipe) daylight system can be installed at a building exterior wall or roof to replace artificial light during the day time. This system was consisted of a double blind light collector, a mirror duct type light transformer and a prism light pipe distributor. The double blinds were used to track the sun's altitude and azimuth movements to collect the sunlight throughout the day. The sunlight collected by the light collector was reflected on the first mirror and the second mirror and sent to the light pipe through the light transformer. The transformer was designed to deliver the sunlight into the light pipe efficiently. The light distributor plays a role in diffusing the sunlight coming in through the light collector to be used for indoor lighting. In this paper, a DBLP system has been designed, installed and tested at a KIER daylighting twin test cell. The DBLP daylighting system was applied to the experimental test cell which has an indoor area of 2.0 m wide ${\times}$ 2.4 m height ${\times}$ 3.8 m length. The experiment was conducted from January 30 to February 27, 2012, under clear skies and partially cloudy skies. Data was collected from 10:00 am to 16:00 pm every 2 minute and the average was calculated for every 30 minute of the data collection to obtain the system efficiency. The results indicated that the DBLP system efficiency was evaluated as 11.67%. The DBLP system indoor illumination energy reduction was predicted as 0.822 kWh/day. This could replace 4 sets of a 32W fluorescent lamp operating 6.4 hours per a day.