• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.6 s.59
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• pp.68-76
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• 2006

Founding himself on 'The Principle of Self-making' that is the instrument of 'the natural construction' and accomplishing the various interdisciplinary researches, Frei Otto could explicate the fundamental structure of life that is able to make visible the self-making processes in the nature, the technique and the architecture. It is the flexible pneumatic construction that is grounded on the fibrous organization. This was a milestone not only for him who wanted to put the idea of the new architectural form into practice, but also for the contemporary architecture that faces on the style-pluralistic disorientedness. The architectural form of the natural construction includes in itself three constitutional sub-ideas. One of them is 'the adaptable architecture', which is inclined to the architecture similar to the organization of human body, and the other 'the light architecture' that is in the pursuit of the optimal form through the minimal material. The last one is 'the ecological architecture' that aims to realize the optimal dwelling environment based on the effective energy consumption by accumulating knowledges of the always fluid and unstable nature. With these architectural ideas Frei Otto could develop a new architectural form language 'the light architecture of the natural construction'. This study is purposed to explain the various experiments that were made by his team and the basic principles of the structural dynamics of 'the architecture of the natural construction' and then to analyze the structures that were built on the ground of those principles.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.68-76
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• 2006

Frei Otto, who is called to be the father of the ecological architecture, has shaped a peculiar architectural form style. In distance from the formalistic persistence to the modernist form canon and the postmodern tendencies to the self-representation of architects, Frei Otto has taken a more fundamentalistic position. Through the interdisciplinary researches on the self-organizing processes in the nature and the technical world Frei Otto could reason with architects, engineers, biologists, historians and philosophers the principle and structure of the natural construction that is applicable to the morphological research and the architectural construction research. In the middle of his architectural and scientific works is the idea of 'the natural construction' situated, and the basic principle and instrument of this 'Die Prinzip der Selbstbildung, The Principle of Self-making'. Founding himself on this principle, Frei Otto seeks after the new architectural form that is light, natural, flexible and variable by reasoning the typical formation process which refers to the common denominator of the self-making processes in the nature, the technique and the architecture. Despite his architecture is to be called to the anonymous, his architectural vision is headed toward the rationalistic form in accord with the natural laws. This study is purposed to elucidate the constellation to which his scientific attempts belong and the theoretical and methodological foundations of his architecture of 'the natural construction'.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

Recently, construction of bridges in rural areas has been increased to preserve the natural environment. However this brings forth the disputes over rights of light in farmland. In urban areas, the disputes over rights of light have been settled on the authority of the national architectural law and only sunshine hours for winter solstice are considered. Basically, the point at issue is different between each case. The main issues of the dispute in rural area were the reduction of the crop cultivation and the increase of the heating cost in winter. The purpose of this study is to review the mediation process in national environmental dispute resolution commission to resolve these issues, and to set up the analysis method of rights of light and modelling equation of solar position. Furthermore, we aimed at analyzing the damaged hours of daylights in rural housing and the infringement rate of daylight in farmland through the case study. In conclusion, we estimated the sunshine hours during the whole damaged periods according to the elements of bridges, and presented the solution process of dispute over rights of light due to the construction of bridge in rural area.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

Recent modern architecture shows a lot of cases that introduce natural light in indoor space, arousing diverse emotions within a minimal space by means of changes in the light. There are various causes for the background of these streams of times, and it may be said that pursuing the relationship between natural phenomena and space, using changes in light, is an important factor among them. This is closely linked to the raise of phenomenological architecture. In the case of Japan, there are many cases where the architectural language connected to the traditional architecture has been restructured to fit to modern architectural technique. The modern reinterpretation and development of the Japanese traditional effect of light and its meaning can be seen in cases of Kuma Kengo and Tadao Anndo. Of the modern architects that have used the appearance of spatial concept of light in Japanese architectural space, Kengo Kuma shows his attempt at finding identity in his designs through the acceptance and modern reinterpretation of orientalism of nature, along with the traditional and regional interpretation through materials and ways construction. It is his use oh light input used in traditional Japanese settings that have differentiated his work. On this, the present thesis intends to analyze and synthesize what impressions Kengo Kuma's unique methods of light production create in the formation of users' spatial perception, how the unique encounter of light and materials seems to perceivers, and the characteristics of his light production and expression that harmonize space, human, and nature in the visual and perceptual experience of space;

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.18-31
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• 1997

By the concerns of esthetic restoration were increased recently. many all ceramic crowns were developed. But they except In-Ceram Alumina were used only single crown. In-Ceram Alumina, developed by Dr. Sadon, was revealed to have high flexural Strength(450MPa). So it could be used not only anterior bridges but also posterior bridges. But In-Ceram Alumina was seen to be opaque, a little green color in transillumination light by high content of alumina oxide(85%). So new all ceramics with high strength and high translucence were needed. Spinell($MgAl_2O_3$) have a high melting point, high flexural strength, low heat conductivity, high light conductivity. In-Ceram Spinell offers glasslike light transmission by using the spinell cores instead of the alumina cores. And they have a high translucency like to natural tooth, an excellent margin integrity and a high strength(350MPa). The purposes of this study are 1) to know about the construction method of In-Ceram Spinell System, 2) to investigate the its clinical possibiliy through patients and literature reviews.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.181-192
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• 2014

Light-shelf is one of the most efficient natural lighting systems due to the improved function of the inflow level of the outdoor natural light. However, the existing research on the light shelf limits to the rectangular parallelepiped space, so do not provide sufficient data for various shapes of spaces. Thus, this study aims at deriving proper plan and relationship of the light shelf through its performance assessment depending on the indoor space shapes and utilizing them as basic data of light shelf design. The conclusions are as follows : 1) for 6m space depth, standard intensity of illumination satisfaction depth has shown 8.3%~26.3% improvement through the adjustment of the angle and width when installing light shelf compared to no light shelf installation; 2) $-30^{\circ}$, $-20^{\circ}$ and $-10^{\circ}$ light shelves set by this study play only as a blind regardless of the shape of ceiling on the summer solstice, and it is unsuitable; and 3) this study has derived proper plan of light shelf upon space shapes based on energy reduction and indoor evenness. The study results provide expanded data of the performance assessment of the light shelves according to the different space shapes and light shelf factors, which serves as a basis of the light shelves designing.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.108-116
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• 2009

As an aging society accelerates its pace for the present, providing a pleasant environment to nursing homes is such an environmental requirement with which elderly people could improve their quality of life and even acquire the effects of healing. As an optimal element of ensuring amenity, nature is a general hospital that heals human beings physically and mentally. In this vein, the investigator drew out the frame of analysis, namely emotional/healing/relating amenity, by means of theoretical examination of such natural elements as water, light, soil/stone, and plant. And on the basis of the drawn amenity, the investigator examined the application of natural elements to study subjects in order to analyze the ensured amenity. Study findings show that the existing nursing homes have ensured healing amenity sufficiently, but they are unsatisfactory in ensuring emotional and relating amenity. Based on interview survey, the investigator suggests that the introduction of natural elements into nursing homes such public space as mediation space, interaction space, and rest places to ensure emotional/healing/relating amenity must be ideally equipped with the formation of outdoor forest in which water, light, soil/stone, and plant get joined together, rather than Introducing a single element respectively. In addition, the plan of construction of nursing homes must take residing elderly people's emotional/healing/relating amenity into account on the basis of physical amenity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2002

The functions and uses of existing buildings are not properly changing as modern life needs. As a result, the frequent reconstruction(construction after removal) of existing buildings have been done but it became more and more difficult because of strengthening of regulations and systems concerning construction. And also it has several disadvantages like lower plot ratio and site coverage than existed buildings, enormous construction cost, production of waste-construction materials and thoughtless consumption of natural resources, which gives rise to environmental pollution. Therefore renovation is brought to the fore. In Korea, many business buildings were constructed in 1960s-1970s, during the period of high growth. Such buildings needs to be repaired in whole. It is caused by the change of social, economic, and cultural conditions and deterioration of equipments. Therefore renovation meets some necessary conditions; recovery of building functions and extension of building life span. In case study, the present state of renovation in business buildings is 1) Basic safety, for example, fire prevention and crime prevention, is great important. 2) Advanced technology, INS(international news service), IBS(Intelligent Building System), and internationalization, is pursued for adapting to multimedia ages. 3) It tries to promote proficiency, and to save the energy using spatial environment and natural energy(light and sound). Also, improving comfortable level of users and installing equipments for physically handicapped person needs to be considered.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2023

In order to study the anti-seismic performance of full light-weight concrete utility tunnel, EL Centro seismic waves were input, and the seismic simulation shaking table test was carried out on the four utility tunnel models. The dynamic characteristics and acceleration response of the system consisting of the utility tunnel structure and the soil, and the interlayer displacement response of the structure were analyzed. The influence law of different construction methods, haunch heights and concrete types on the dynamic response of the utility tunnel structure was studied. And the experimental results were compared with the finite element calculation results. The results indicated that with the increase of seismic wave intensity, the natural frequency of the utility tunnel structure system decreased and the damping ratio increased. The assembling composite construction method could be equivalent to replace the integral cast-in-place construction method. The haunch height of the assembling composite full light-weight concrete utility tunnel was increased from 30 mm to 50 mm to enhance the anti-seismic performance during large earthquakes. The anti-seismic performance of the full light-weight concrete utility tunnel was better than that of the ordinary concrete utility tunnel. The peak acceleration of the structure was reduced by 21.8% and the interlayer displacement was reduced by 45.8% by using full light-weight concrete. The finite element simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results, which could provide reference for practical engineering design and application.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.143-144
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• 2019

Recently, environmental pollution related to global warming is on the rise. Meanwhile, renewable energy is a representative example of many efforts to develop eco-friendly energy to solve the depletion of natural resources and the depletion of petroleum resources in conjunction with global warming. Among them, photovoltaic power generation is increasing the subsidies for the government to increase the production of photovoltaic electricity of the general public, showing a high growth rate. However, polysilicon, which is a raw material of the photovoltaic panel, generates waste called polysilicon sludge in the manufacturing process. In order to produce 1 ton of polysilicon, about 2 tons of waste polysilicon sludge is generated. In 2012, polysilicon sludge was generated at 78,000 tons, with an average of about 220 tons per day. The sludge generated due to insufficient treatment of polysilicon sludge is currently solidified and is processed by landfilling. Therefore, in this study, polysilicone sludge is used as the concept of admixture, and the physical properties of the matrix according to the polysilicon sludge replacement ratio based on light burned magnesia is determined.