• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of LED and QD-LED (Quantum Dot) irradiation on seed germination, antioxidant ability, and microbial growth, during red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) sprouts cultivation. Irradiated light was blue, red, blue + red and blue + red + far red (QD-LED) lights, and the controls were a fluorescent lamp (FL), and dark condition. Germination rate of red radish was highest in the dark condition. The plant height and fresh weight of red radish sprouts that irradiated each light for 24 hrs after 7 days growing in dark condition, did not shown significantly difference among treatments. After 24 hrs of light irradiation, cotyledon green was best in blue + red light, and the red hypocotyl was excellent in blue light and QD-LED light. DPPH and phenol contents were high in dark and blue + red light treatment, and anthocyanin content was high in blue light and QD-LED light. Total aerobic counts were similar in all treatments and did not show bactericidal effect, whereas E. coli count was lowest in QD-LED light treatment, and yeast and mold counts were lowest in FL only treatment. Results suggest that when red radish seeds were germinated in dark condition and cultivated for 7 days as sprouts, and then treated with blue light or QD-LED light for 24 hrs, the seeds produced good quality red radish sprouts with greenish cotyledon, reddish hypocotyl, high anthocyanin content, and lower level of E coli contamination.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.396-405
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• 2001

Osseointegrated implants are used for the fixation of dental prosthesis with good long-term clinical results. In an attempt to improve the quantity and quality of the bone-implant interface, numerous implant modification have been used. Implants surface modifications have been used such as titanium-plasma sprayed, hydroxyapatite-coating, sandblasted, sandblasted and acid-etched, acid-etched. Rough surface implants have greater implant surface area and enhance the bone-implant interface and improve stabilization. The purpose of present study was to evaluate light microscopic and scanning microscopic examinations and removal torque value of newly developed calcium phosphate blast and acid-etched implant in the femur of rabbits. Titanium plasma sprayed(TPS) implant served as controls. After 12 weeks of healing of the femurs of 12 rabitts, the implant-containing segments of femur were removed on bloc and bone block including sections. Histologic examination and histomorphometric and removal torque values comparision were made for two implants. Obtained results are follows: 1. Newly developed calcium phosphate blasted and acid-etched implants were in close contact with bone under light microscopic examinations. 2. New implants showed mean bone-to implant contact 59.8%, whereas TPS implants showed mean bone-to implant contact 54.5% (statistically no difference p<0.05). 3. New implants showed mean bone density 56.7%, whereas TPS implants showed mean bone density 49.2% (statistically difference p<0.05). 4. New implants demonstrated mean removal torque values 40.5Ncm, whereas the mean removal torque values of TPS implants ranged 39.3Ncm. No statistical differences(p<0.05) were observed between two groups of implants nor was there any difference between the two implants at the clinical level.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

An infrared remote control-type transcutaneous control device using a $\mu$-processor is design for the totally implantable middle ear system. An infrared light transmission model for the tissue of skin was introduced and then a radiant intensity and the required current of the infrared light emitting diode(IR LED) driving circuit at transmission part were calculated for the external control device. And the transmission part generates IR signal by the system's own data protocol which prevents interferences from other infrared remote controls of the household appliances. The control part of the implanted device was designed to analyze functions of the received infrared(IR) signal that indicate the power ON/OFF and volume UP/DOWN. After the system is implemented, a data transmission experiments using 4 mm thickness of porcine skin were carried out. From the experiment, it was verified that the infrared control signal was transmitted to receiving module of the implemented system without any error.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 1987

The author studied the acute reaction of cobalt-60 irradiation to buccal mucosa in rats and difference of the effects of single versus fractionated exposure. 195 Sprague Dowley strain rats, weighing about 120gm, were used in this experiment. 3 rats served as controls and the remaining 192 rats were divided into six groups of 32 rats each. Experimental group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ were received a single dose of 15Gy, 16.5Gy, 18Gy and group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ were received two equal sized fractionated dose of 9Gy, 9.75Gy, 10.5Gy at 4 hour intervals, respectively. The experimental groups were irradiated with cobalt-60 teletherapy unit, Picker model 4M 60 (Field size, 12x5 cm, SSD, 50㎝, Dose rate, 222cGy/min, Depth, 1㎝). The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 hours, 1, 3, 7 days after irradiation and the changes of the irradiated buccal mucosa were observed by electron and light microscopy. The results were as follows: 1. A single exposure was more damaging than fractionated exposure, and as the radiation dose increased, the changes of cell organelles became faster, but the healing of radiation-induced damage in fractionated exposure was faster than in single exposure. 2. The radiation-induced changes of the basal cells were the most prominent in 18Gy-single exposure group, and the least in 18Gy-fractionated exposure group. 3. Electron-microscopically, there appeared nuclear changes, swelling of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, decrease of free ribosome, presence of vesicles, widening of intercellular space, and loss of basal lamina. The early remarkable changes were partly loss of nuclear membrane and swelling of mitochondria. 4. Light-microscopically, derangement and pyknosis of basal cells, hydropic changes of spinous cells, enlargement of granular cells, indistinctness of basement membrane, and proliferation of epithelium were observed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2008

In a search for new molecular pathways associated with asthma, we performed an mRNA differential display analysis using total RNA extracted from the tracheal tissues of ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mice and sham controls. cDNAs corresponding to mRNAs for which expression levels were altered by OVA-challenge were isolate and sequenced. Twenty-eight genes differentially expressed in sham and OVA challenged mice were identified. A GenBank BLAST homology search revealed that they were related to cytoskeleton remodeling, transcription, protein synthesis and modification, energy production, and cell growth and differentiation. Two were selected for further characterization. Up-regulation of both the perinatal skeletal myosin heavy chain (skMHC) and fast skeletal muscle myosin light chain (skMLC) genes was confirmed by RT-PCR of trachea tissue from OVA challenged mice. Overexpression of skMLC protein was observed in the smooth muscle layers of OVA-challenged mice by immunohistochemistry, and the surface areas stained with skMLC antibody increased in the OVA-challenged mice. The overexpression of skMLC in murine asthma may be associated with the changes of bronchial smooth muscle.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2015

Iron is required for cell viability but is toxic in excess. While the iron-mediated malfunction of testicular cells is well appreciated, the underlying mechanism(s) of this effect and its relationship with fertility are poorly understood. Ferritin is a ubiquitous intracellular protein that controls iron storage, ferroxidase activity, immune response, and stress response in cells. Ferritin light chain protein (FTL) is the light subunit of the Ferritin. Previously, we had identified the FTL in bovine spermatozoa following capacitation. In present study, to investigate the role of Ferritin in sperm function, mice spermatozoa were incubated with multiple doses (1, 10 and $100{\mu}M$) of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an iron donor. SNP was increased Ferritin levels in a dose-dependent manner. The Ferritin was detected on the acrosome in spermatozoa by immunocytochemistry. Short-term exposure of spermatozoa to SNP increased tyrosine phosphorylation and the acrosome reaction (AR). Finally, SNP affected a significant decrease in the rate of fertilization as well as blastocyst formation during early embryonic development. On the basis of these results, we propose that the effects of Ferritin on the AR may reduce overall sperm function leads to poor fertility in males and compromised embryonic development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 2007

This paper proposed a new amplitude width modulation for OLED data driver IC. The data driver controls brightness of OLED by adjusting amplitude and width of the data drive current pulse. There were two conventional methods; pulse amplitude modulation(PAM) and pulse width modulation(PWM). The PWM method suffered from lower light emitting time efficiency at low luminance signal. The PAM method suffered from large chip area using DACs for each column. The proposed method was aiming at accurately controlling of the current level by MSB data and light emitting efficiency by LSB data to improve the inefficiencies of the PAM and a PWM. The proposed AWM driver circuit implemented using $0.35-{\mu}m$ 3-poly 4-metal CMOS high voltage process. The simulation result shows the improvement in the accuracy of the gray level control even though the driver circuit is smaller than the PAM.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.73-83
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• 2004

With increasing numbers of vehicles on restricted roads, It happens that we have much wasted time and decreased average car speed. This paper proposes a new concept of coordinating green time which controls 10 traffic intersection systems. For instance, if we have a baseball game at 8 pm today, traffic volume toward the baseball game at 8 pm today, franc volume toward the baseball game will be increased 1 hour or 1 hour and 30 minutes before the baseball game. At that time we can not predict optimal green time Even though there have smart electro-sensitive traffic light system. Therefore, in this paper to improve average vehicle speed and reduce average vehicle waiting time, we created optimal green time using fuzzy rules md neural network as a preprocessing. Also, we developed an Intelligent PLC(Programmable Logic Controller) for real time traffic forecasting as a postprocesing about unexpectable conditions. Computer simulation results proved reducing average vehicle waiting time which proposed coordinating green time better than electro-sensitive franc light system does not consider coordinating green time.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 2012

We investigated the influences of night interruption (NI) and night temperature on flowering and flower coloration in Cymbidium. Cymbidium 'Red Fire' and 'Yokihi' were grown under a 9 hours photoperiod (control), a 9 hours photoperiod with NI at a low light intensity (LNI) of 3-7 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, or a 9 hours photoperiod with NI at a high light intensity (HNI) of 120 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ for four hours (22:00-02:00 HR) for 16 weeks during the reproductive growth stage (Experiment 1). Thirty month-old Cymbidium 'Red Fire' plants with initiated flowering buds were placed in four different growth chamber with night temperature set points of 6, 9, 12, or $15^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours (18:00 to 09:00 HR) and a daytime temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, the numbers of visible buds and flowers increased, and time to flowering decreased in both the LNI and HNI treatments, as compared to the control in both cultivars. Red color in Cymbidium 'Red Fire' increased by both LNI and HNI, as evidenced by an increased $a^*$ in plants grown under these conditions, relative to those grown under the control condition. Number of days to visible buds at 9-$15^{\circ}C$ ranged from 31-34 days, as compared to 39 days at $6^{\circ}C$ in Experiment 2. Although as the temperature increased days to flowering decreased when the plant was grown at $15^{\circ}C$ as compared to 6, 9, or $12^{\circ}C$, the red color ($a^*$) also decreased. The number of flowers and percent flowering increased when the night temperature was maintained higher than $9^{\circ}C$. Therefore, NI treatment and maintaining the night temperature at approximately 9-$12^{\circ}C$ during the winter season after flower spike initiation in the reproductive developmental growth stage improve flower quality and controls flowering time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.280-287
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• 2001

These studies aimed to determine how lighting might be used to improve feed intake and reduce aggressive behavior in newly weaned pigs. To examine whether this objective could be achieved an experiment was conducted to compare performance, behavior and body condition of weaners over 17-45 days, provided similar lighting quality (i.e. color temperature, color rendering index and lighting distribution) after weaning that piglets experienced prior to weaning. Triphosphor (TP) lighting to simulate daylight was provided during the day while at night, Pascal red (PR) lighting was provided to simulate the night-light piglets previously had received from infrared heating lamps. This treatment was compared to weaners provided conventional cool-white fluorescent light during the day only. Weaners on treatment lighting from 17-45 days of age showed no improvement in body weight or feed conversion at 24, 31, 38 and 45 days compared to the controls. There was, however, a significant improvement (p<0.05) in feed intake in the first week of weaning for weaners provided TP/PR lighting. Over the first 3 days of weaning, pigs on TP/PR lighting showed an increase (p<0.05) in the incidence of ear chewing but reduced (p<0.05) levels of nosing the abdomen of other pigs and reduced (p<0.05) occurrences of being stood on by other pigs. Females exhibited more (p<0.05) mounting and nosing behaviors and rubbing the heads of other pigs than males. On the other hand, males engaged in more (p<0.05) fighting, nipping, ear chewing and standing on other pigs compared to females. Pigs provided PR lighting on the first night of weaning engaged in higher (p<0.05) incidences of nosing and tail sucking behaviors, more (p<0.05) head thrusting, fighting and ear chewing compared to control pigs. The body condition of weaners provided the TP/PR lighting treatment was significantly poorer (p<0.05) compared to weaners on control lighting. In conclusion there was no improvement in production performance of weaners provided new technology lighting apart from the improvement in feed intake in the first week weaners were exposed to the TP/PR lighting.