• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major health burden worldwide, with over 600 million confirmed cases and 6 million deaths by 15 December 2022. Although the acute phase of COVID-19 management has been established, the long-term clinical course and complications due to the relatively short outbreak is yet to be assessed. The current COVID-19 pandemic is causing significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Interestingly, epidemiological studies have shown that fatality rates vary considerably across different countries, and men and elderly patients are at higher risk of developing severe diseases. There is increasing evidence that COVID-19 infection causes neurological deficits in a substantial proportion to patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, lack of physical activity and smoking are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) susceptibility. We should therefore explore why lack of physical activity, smoking, etc causing a population more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and mechanism involved. Thus, in this review article, we summarize epidemiological evidence related to risk factors and lifestyle that affect COVID-19 severity and the mechanism involved. These risk factors or lifestyle interventions include smoking, cardiovascular health, obesity, exercise, environmental pollution, psychosocial social stress, and diet.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to analyze changes of motivation and health-promoting lifestyle in 3 months after medical examination, and to identify the influencing factors on the change of health-promoting lifestyle. Methods: The subjects of this study were 81 adults who took medical examination at a general hospital health clinic in Cheonan city. The instruments used in this study were the motivation scale and modified HPLP. For data collection, the first survey was conducted from March 16 to April 19, 2001, and the second survey was carried out by mail three months after the medical examination from June 16 to July 19, 2001. Results: 1. The age of the subjects ranged from 26 to 66 years, 71.6% were male, and the major group was office workers(43.2%). 2. The average score of motivation scale was significantly improved in three months to 520.7(SD=82.7). All sub-scales of motivation scale, self-efficacy(t=-4.204, p=.000), perceived benefits(t=-4.263, p=.000), perceived barriers (t=4.305, p=.000), and emotional salience (t=-6.169, p=.000) showed significant improvements in 3 months. 3. The average score of health-promoting lifestyle was significantly increased to 62.5 (SD=9.8) (t=-5.111, p=.000) after 3 months. Health responsibility(t=-6.098, p=.000), eating habit(t=-3.625, p=.001), exercise(t=-2.557, p=.012), and smoking habit(t=-2.157, p=.034) showed significant improvement. But stress management was not changed at the significant level in 3 months(t=-1.832, p=.071). 4. As the result of multiple regression analysis, it was found that perceived barriers, self-efficacy and monthly mean income had a significant influence on health-promoting lifestyle in 3 months after the medical examination. These variables explained 42.4% of variance in health-promoting lifestyle in 3 months after the medical examination. Conclusion: Periodic medical examination and guidance for healthy lifestyle was effective to change the motivation and to improve health promoting lifestyle.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.77-94
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to establish strategy by subdividing consumer market according to the lifestyle which influences the use of medical facilities. The subject of this study were 700 adults who were over 20 years of age and residing in Suwon and its vicinity. To collect data trained staff conducted person-to-person interviews with the assistance of structured questionnaires. The questionnaires cover the areas of life style pattern study. the characteristics of demographic sociology, decision-making process related to the use of medical service. The influencing factors were analyzed and as a result total 18 factors were singled out. Cluster analysis was performed to differentiate similar responses. Each group was named as 'health-unconcern type' 'passive health-concern type' 'regular health-concern type' and 'active health-concern type' according to the characteristics. Each group showed statistically significant difference in the characteristics of demographic sociology. Decision-making process regarding the use of medical service according to lifestyle was analyzed. As a result following items showed significant difference:whether the information was utilized, what was the criteria in selecting medical facilities for serious illness or complicated examination. who was the decision maker in selection medical facilities, and with whom one discussed in selecting medical facilities. The result of this study has its limitation in that it can not be applied directly to market subdivision. However, this will help medical facilities understand customers' lifestyle. which will eventually provide medical facilities with marketing tools in establishing effective PR strategy. In order to apply the lifestyle as a marketing tool of medical facilities, following tasks are to be carried out: the development of the questionnaire which can better analyze consumers' lifestyle related to the use of medical service. the examination of precise characteristics of subdivided market according to lifestyle. and the continuing study on the relationship between lifestyle and the process in selecting medical facilities.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.477-489
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• 2000

The purpose of study was to assess how hospital nurses practice their health promoting lifestyle and to identify affecting factors. The subjects were 286 nurses working at three general hospitals in Kwang-ju. The data were collected by questionnaire from September 1st. to September 10th, 1999. The instruments for this study were the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile developed by Walker et al., perceived health status scale developed by Ware et al., self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer et al., and social support scale developed by Cohen et al.. The data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of health promoting lifestyle was 2.36. Interpersonal support showed the highest score(2.67) and health responsibility (1.92) showed the lowest score. The mean score of perceived health status was 3.07, self-efficacy was 2.62, and social support was 2.91. 2. The relationship between general characteristics of subjects and health promoting lifestyle showed significant differences according to duty cycle(t=4.15, p=.042), disease experience (t=5.18, p=.023), monthly income(F=3.13, p=.025), exercise frequency(F=9.12, p=.000), stress reliefe method(F=5.98, p=.000), job satisfaction(t=11.44, p=.000), and perceived fatigue(F=6.13, p=.002). 3. Health promoting lifestyle showed significant positive correlations with perceived health status (r=.2190, p=.0002), self-efficacy (r=.5137, p=.0001) and social support (r=.5181, p=.0001). 4. The combination of social support(27.1%), exercise frequency(10.4%), self-efficacy(8.8%), job satisfaction, perceived health status, perceived fatigue and explained 53.5% of the variance of health promoting lifestyle. Therefore, this study suggests that a replicate study is needed until more affecting factors other than health promoting lifestyle.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.509-519
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• 2016

Objectives: Adulterated food education in adolescence period is very important because dietary management related to food safety is not made in a short period. This study aimed to identify dietary lifestyle factors which drive adulterated food management among middle and high school students. Methods: Data was collected from 270 middle and high school students in Daegu using a self-administered questionnaire in March and April of 2015. Data was analyzed using frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, ${\chi}^2$-test, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and cluster analysis. Results: The results of factor analysis indicated that adulterated food management awareness was classified into necessity, difficulty, and food purchasing anxiety. The adulterated food management capability was sub-grouped into environmental grasp, food identification, cooking hygiene, and situation management. The adulterated food management efficacy composed of management confidence, action intention, and knowledge. Dietary lifestyle comprised of gustation, family, and health factors after factor analysis, and it consisted of all seeking group, gustation seeking group, family seeking group, health seeking group, and family and health seeking group after cluster analysis. The gustation, family and health factors were significantly affected the factors of awareness, capability and efficacy of adulterated food management (p < 0.05). The frequency of health conditions, helping with meal preparation, and the times of eating out were significantly different according to seeking groups of dietary lifestyle (p < 0.01). The scores of awareness, capability and efficacy of adulterated food management of family and health seeking group were significantly higher than the other seeking groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that adulterated food management education programs should account for gustation, family and health factors of dietary lifestyle to be effective for adolescents.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to investigate the lifestyle and individualism/collectivism of adolescents nowadays and the relationship to preferred sensation. We collected 1386 middle and high school students' data which have the answers about lifestyle, individualism/collectivism, self-esteem, school location, family members and other socio-statistical variables. The results are followings; The types of adolescents' lifestyle composed of 5 clusters, which are Pursuit of hedonic (18.9%), Adventure materialism (19.9%), Depending and pursuit of entertainment (21.4%), Internet & study (22.5%), and Strong will - economic (17.3%). Distribution of individualism/collectivism is even, and Egoist (29.8%) which belong to vertical individualism is the biggest portion. Adolescent's lifestyle has relationship to the external factors, such as school location and family income, while individualism/collectivism does rather to adolescent's own nature, such as gender and grade. Their lifestyle than their individualism/ collectivism is connected with their preferred sensation more.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.293-307
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• 2007

This article was to provide information enabling us to respond effectively to the well being market which has great potential of growth by studying well-being consumption behaviour according to the lifestyles of dining-out customers and to find out how their lifestyles have influence on well-being by investigating their patterns according to demographical characteristics of dining-out customers who play key role in consumption and will have great purchasing power in food service industry. First, factor analysis of variation of lifestyle, 6 factors are named conscious style, realistic style, self-regard style, health-focusing style, changeable style, and fashion-sensitive style. Second, factor analysis of well-being consumption behaviour, 5 factors over eigen 1 are selected and used in a research and they are named healthful food principle, physical health principle, mental health principle, confidence principle, and old-age planning principle. Analysis result reveals that there exists significant relationship between lifestyle and well-being consumption behaviour.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.419-432
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• 2009

To better understand the prevalence of constipation and related lifestyle factors, the excretion habits, lifestyle, frequency of food intake, food preference, and stress of 1,157 high school students (713 males and 444 females) in the city of Gimhae, Korea were surveyed. The study was part of research aimed at providing basic nutritional data to alleviate or prevent constipation. Most respondents were male (61.6%). Of all the respondents, 55.4% reported that they have been constipated, with females reporting more episodes. Stress, lack of exercise, and bad eating habits were linked to constipation. Students reporting constipation slept less, were more sedate, ate less, and drank less water than non-constipated respondents. Their diet frequently consisted of noodles, sugary food and coffee. The results suggest that students could benefit from nutritional education in lessening the prevalence of constipation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.489-503
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• 2012

Consumers' interest in health is increasing, and health-seeking consumption lifestyles, including comprehensive consumption behaviors related to physical health, mental health, and a healthy dietary lifestyle are becoming increasingly important to many people. The purpose of this study was to develop a health-seeking consumption lifestyle scale that could aid in determining effects of social status, perceived health status, and socio-demographical variables on health-seeking consumption lifestyles. Data were collected via an on-line survey of 500 respondents, all of whom were married women 20 year of age or older. The data were analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as following: First, health-seeking consumption lifestyle demonstrated three main factors: physical health-seeking consumption lifestyle, mental health-seeking consumption lifestyle and healthy dietary life seeking consumption lifestyle. Second, most respondents identified themselves with the middle class and perceived their health status positively. Third, health-seeking consumption lifestyle demonstrated significant differences based on socio-demographical variables. Fourth, health-seeking consumption lifestyle was significantly affected by social class, age, and health status comparisons within similar age groups.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.210-217
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• 2011

Objectives: The rising burden of preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents is a major public health challenge worldwide. We identified the preventable risk factors for NCDs in adolescents. Methods: In a school-based study, pre-tested structured questionnaires were completed by 414 adolescents (14 to 17 years) at six schools in three cities in Pakistan. The chi-squared test and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated in a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: Over 80% of the adolescents had unhealthy diets, and 54% were physically inactive. Most adolescents were exposed to passive smoking, and 14% were also current smokers. More than one-third of participants chewed betel nut, and one-quarter used oral tobacco. More girls were physically inactive (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 2.69 to 6.17), whereas a greater proportion of boys were current smokers (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.91), exposed to passive smoking (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.72 to 3.83), and using betel nut (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.06). Only 3.1% of the participants were without any preventable lifestyle risk factor for NCDs, and over 80% had ${\geq}$2 factors. Co-existence of risk factors was independently associated with fathers being blue-collar workers (aOR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.07 to 11.92) and parents not treating their child fairly (aOR, 5.05; 95% CI, 1.29 to 19.78). Conclusions: Most of the adolescents studied had preventable risk factors for NCDs. These results warrant comprehensive and integrated interventions to prevent lifestyle risk factors, and parents are front-line stakeholders.