• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.513-525
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• 1999

Objectives : High-normal blood pressure' is a factor influencing decision to initiate targeted intensive intervention strategy in westernized populations. JNC-VI offered the vigorous lifestyle modification for persons with 'high-normal blood pressure', who could be early detected. As a hypertension seems to be the result of multiple genetic factors operating in concert with associated environmental factors, it will be necessary to identify the high-normal blood pressure as a risk factor of hypertension for applying primary prevention strategy in Korean people. Methods : Although cohort study design might be adequate to recruit incidence cases, to keep time sequence of events, and to prevent information bias, nested case-control study was chosen for avoiding measurement errors because hypertension is a benign disease. Source population was the 'Seoul Cohort' participants and follow-up was done by using Korea Medical Insurance Corporation's database on the utilization of health services from 1 Jan93 to 30Jun97. Incidence cases were ascertained through the chart review, telephone contacts, and direct blood pressure measurements. Controls included the pairing of 4 individuals to each case on the basis of age. Results : As 75% of 247 incident cases had high-normal blood pressure, the crude odds ratio for hypertension was 2.04 (95% CI 1.47-2.83). Another statistically significant risk factors of hypertension were body mass index, dietary fiber, alcohol consumption, weekly activity and history of quitting smoking. The multivariate odds ratio of high-normal blood pressure adjusted for all risk factors was 1.84 (95% CI 1.31-2.56). Among high-normal blood pressure group, body mass index, weekly ethanol amounts, weekly physical activity, and dietary fiber except history of quitting smoking were still risk factors of hypertension. Conclusion : 'High-normal blood pressure' is a risk factor for hypertension in Korean middle-aged men, which represents that the vigorous lifestyle modification for persons with 'high-normal blood pressure' is need.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 1990

The Purpose of this study were 1) to find out the characteristics of health promoting Ii festyles of the study samples, 2) to determine the relationships of physical health and mental health, 3) to determine the relationships of health promoting lifestyles and health status. The health promotion model was tested with a volunteer sample of 141 female students in a university in Seoul. The health promoting lifestyle was measured by the scales developed by Walker and Pender(1987). Health status was measured by Cornell medical Index. Pearson's product moment correlations and stepwise multiple regression technique were used to analyze the data. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The items with the highest frequency of the subscales of health promoting lifestyle were 'look forward to the future' $(133,\;95.0\%)$ in self actualization, 'Enjoy being touched and touching people close to me' $(122,\; 87.14\%)$ in relationships with others. The strongest correlation was between general competence In self care and nutritional practice(r=5388, P<. 0001). 2. Fatigability, frequency of illness, miscellaneous diseases, habit, mood and feeling patterns were predictive of mental health. 3. Total health promoting lifestyles explained $14\%$ of the variance for health status. Relationships with others explained $20.9\%$ of the variance for health status. In conclusion, because the most variance explained was $420.9\%$, there must be other variables not accounted for by the model. that influence health promoting behaviors. Psychological factors accounted for more variance than other factors. Intervention studies focused on psychological factors as a means of altering behaviors have great potential for the design of interventions to increase health promoting behaviors. Further testing of the model with this population should be done.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.133-142
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effectiveness of an active lifestyle on the HRV and fitness of the older female adults. METHODS: Eighty female older adults (72.68±3.78 years) were sampled from a senior wellness institute. Accelerometers were distributed to each participant to have the device attached to them for one week, and the physical activity data (Energy expenditure in Kcal) of each participant were analyzed. Participants were divided into 3 groups (<1,000 Kcal vs 1,000 to 1,500 Kcal vs ≥1,500 Kcal) based on the amount of weekly physical activity. Before and after data analysis, the HRV was measured at resting state and the Senior Fitness Test was performed. RESULTS: One way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the HRV between the three groups. Group A (≥ 1,500 Kcal) was superior in HF and HF/HF + LF whereas Group C (<1,000 Kcal) showed high level of LF, LF/HF, and LF/HF+LF. The same statistics revealed significant differences in fitness. Most of the fitness variables were superior in Group A and B compared to Group C. Significant correlations were observed between physical activity and both HRV and in fitness. CONCLUSION: Theses results suggest that an active lifestyle may be an effective intervention for the prevention of both cardiometabolic disorder and improvement of the fitness level in older female adults.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.251-259
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• 2018

This study aimed to identify the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among age groups using the Framingham risk score (FRS). The research design used was a cross sectional descriptive study using the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013-2015. Data from 5211 men, between the ages of 30-74 was analyzed. After adjusting for age, the result of logistic regression analysis showed that obesity (OR=2.51 95% CI=2.05-3.07), physical inactivity (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.39-2.10), heavy alcohol drinking (OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.09-1.62), and dietary fiber intake (OR=0.99, 95% CI=0.98-0.99) were presented as predictors of CVD. Obesity was considered to be a particularly important predictor of CVD for young and middle-aged men. This result will be used for developing intervention relating to lifestyle modification for young and middle-aged men.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2845-2850
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent diseases in women today. Little information exists on modifiable lifestyle factors including effects of ginger supplements (as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory herbal) and water-based exercise on biomarkers related to oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and adiponectin in obese women with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the single and concomitant effect of 6-wks water-based exercise and oral ginger supplement on the aforesaid markers in obese women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty women diagnosed with breast cancer ($48{\pm}5.4$ years, $76{\pm}9$ kg, fat mass $41.8{\pm}4%$), volunteered to participate in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned into four groups; placebo, water-based exercise, ginger supplement and water-based exercise+ginger supplement groups. Subjects in the ginger supplement group and the water-based exercise+ginger supplement group orally received 4 capsules (each capsule contained 750 mg), 7 days a week for 6 weeks. The water-based exercise program featured progressive increase in intensity and time, ranging from 50% to 75% of heart rate reserve, in a pool with 15 meters width, 4 times a week for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at pre-test and post-test time points. Results: The ginger supplementation and or the water-base exercise resulted in an increase of adiponectin, NO and GPx and reduction MDA, as compared to pre-test values. However, the combined intervention (water-base exercise and ginger supplement) group showed significantly a far better effect on the biomarkers related to oxidative stress and adiponectin levels, as compared to the waterbase exercise or ginger supplement alone groups and the age-matched placebo group. Conclusions: Our results revealed that water-base exercise is a non-drug therapeutic strategy to reduce systemic stress in obese women suffering from breast cancer. Further, ginger supplementation alone or in combination with training, also play an important role in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in obese women diagnosed with breast cancer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.523-532
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of multi interventional package (MIP) and lifestyle interventions (LI) on physiological parameters of women with metabolic syndrome, to compare the effectiveness of MIP and LI on biochemical parameters of women with metabolic syndrome and to compare the effectiveness of MIP and LI on socio-psychological parameters of women with metabolic syndrome. Methods: A quasi experimental nonequivalent control group design with two experimental groups and one control group was used to collect data from 60 self-help group women. Samples were selected by multistage sampling. Reflexology foot massage, dietary modification, moderate intensity exercise and structured education were given to MIP group and dietary modification, moderate intensity exercise and structured education were given to LI group for 12 weeks. Control group received routine care. Demographic and clinical data sheets were used to collect basic information. Knowledge was assessed by a knowledge questionnaire. Physiological (weight, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure) and biochemical parameters (HDL, triglycerides and FBS) were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The study found significant change in the physiological and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome as well as knowledge among the MIP group and LI group compared to the control group (p <.001). Conclusion: MIP and LI are effective in controlling the parameters of metabolic syndrome. Hence the guidance may be provided to women with metabolic syndrome for adopting necessary lifestyle changes as well as reflexology foot massage to control the physiological and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify factors that affect subjective health in middle-aged with hypertension. Hypertension, a representative chronic disease, is a disease of increasing prevalence from middle age. To effectively manage hypertension from middle age, it is necessary to revise lifestyle based on subjective health awareness. The subjects of this study were 2,254 middle-age with hypertension who were 30-64 years of age among the 2014-17 national health and nutrition survey. Study variables consisted of general, physical, and psychological factors. For data analysis, compound statistics were made using SPSS 25.0 program and then complex statistics. The results of this study showed that the factors that significantly influenced the subjective health of the subjects were sex, age, economic level, number of households, home ownership, stress, quality of life, and their explanatory power was 20.4% (F = 12.58, p<.001). The results of this study can be used as a basis for the intervention to improve the subjective health of middle-aged with hypertension. Appropriate lifestyle modifications are needed to effectively manage hypertension based on good subjective health awareness.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promoting lifestyles in undergraduate students thus providing the basic data necessary to establish a health promoting program. The subjects of this study were 392 undergraduate students, living in Seoul, Chung-Buk, and Kangwon, during the period from May 10 to July 15, 2000. The instruments for this study were the health promoting lifestyles scale developed by Bak, Insuk(l995), the hardiness scale by Suh, Yeonok(1995), the social support scale by Su, Moonja(l988), and the perceived health status scale by Lawton et al.(l982). The results of this study are as follows; 1. The average score for health promoting lifestyles was 2.47 on 4 point scale. The health promoting lifestyles categories ‘harmony relationships’(3.08) and ‘sanitary life’(2.97) revealed higher scores, whereas scores for ‘healthy diet’(2.31), ‘exercise ＆ activity’(2.20) and ‘professional health management’(1.48) were lower. 2. The mean score for hardiness, social support and perceived health status was 4.43(on 6 point scale), 2.91(on 4 point scale) and 3.11(on 5 point scale) respectively. 3. There was a statistically significant difference in degree of health promoting lifestyle according to religion(t=2.05, p=0.04) and spending money per month(F=2.98, p=0.03). 4. Health promoting lifestyles showed significant positive correlation with hardiness, social support, and perceived health status. 5. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of health promoting lifestyle was hardiness. Social support and perceived health status have significant effects on health promoting lifestyles. These predictive variables of health promoting lifestyles explained 24% of variance. Finally, the result of this study will provide important factors for the development of a nursing intervention program for the promotion of healthy lifestyles in Korean undergraduate students.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.536-543
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• 2021

Background: Sickness absenteeism is an area of concern in nursing and is more concerning given the recent impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare. This study is one of two meta-analyses that examined sickness absenteeism in nursing. In this study, we examined demographic, lifestyle, and physical health predictors. Methods: We reviewed five databases (CINAHL, ProQuest Allied, ProQuest database theses, PsycINFO, and PubMed) for our search. We registered the systematic review (CRD de-identified) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Additionally, we used the Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome Tool to improve our searches. Results: Following quality testing, 17 articles were used for quantitative synthesis. Female employees were at higher risks of sickness absenteeism than their male counterparts (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.33-2.25). Nursing staff who rated their health as poor had a greater likelihood of experiencing sickness absence (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.19-1.60). Also, previous sick leave predicted future leaves (OR = 3.35; 95% CI: 1.37-8.19). Moreover, experiencing musculoskeletal pain (OR = 2.41 95% CI: 1.77-3.27) increased the likelihood of sickness absence with greater odds when it is a back pain (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.66-5.62). Increased age, physical activity, and sleep were not associated with sick leave. Conclusion: Several variables were statistically associated with the occurrence of sickness absenteeism. One primary concern is the limited research in this area despite alarming rates of sick leave in healthcare. More research is required to identify predictors of sickness absence, and thereby, implement preventative measures.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.149-159
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the levels of total serum cholesterol level, blood pressure, body mass index, and lifestyle. Method: This study was designed as a descriptive correlation study. Subjects were 972 adults participated voluntarily living in GyeongNam. The height, weight, blood pressure and fasting serum cholesterol were measured. Body mass index was caculated. Information on general characteristics (age, gender, education, job, family history) and life style(cigarette, alchol, sleeping time, regular exercise, meal pattern, peppery, salty, sweetness, vegetable diet, meat diet) were collected using a questionnaire by interviewing method. Result: The mean value of total serum cholesterol was $197{\pm}36.4mg/dl$(mean; $189{\pm}36.7mg/dl$, women; $202{\pm}35.1mg/dl$). By simple analysis, the serum total cholesterol according to general characteristics features was statistically significant in age(F= 6.765, p=000) and gender (t=5.372, p=.000). Total serum cholesterol levels increased significantly with increasing BMI. The serum total cholesterol according to life style features was statistically significant in cigarette(${\chi}^2=12.12$, p=.016), exercise(${\chi}^2=6.335$, p=.042), salty taste(${\chi}^2=18.801$, p=016), vegetable diet (${\chi}^2=19.488$, p=012). The most affecting factor which total serum cholesterol factor was BMI(${\beta}=.151$, p=.000). Conclusion: The significant risk factors relating to serum total cholesterol were age, gender, BMI, smoking, and exercise. Therefore, for the reduction of serum total cholesterol level, it is recommended that nursing intervention for the prevention of obesity, change of life style should be implemented.