• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.1158-1164
• /
• 2007

Recently, the demand on the practical application of life-cycle cost effectiveness for design and rehabilitation of civil infrastructure is rapidly growing unprecedentedly in civil engineering practice. Accordingly, it is expected that the life-cycle cost in the 21st century will become a new paradigm for all engineering decision problems in practice. However, in spite of impressive progress in the researches on the LCC, so far, most researches in Koreahave only focused on roadway bridges, which are not applicable to railway bridges. Thus, this paper presents the formulation models and methods for uncertainty-based LCCA for railroad bridges consideringboth objective statistical data available in the agency database of railroad bridges management and subjective data obtained form interviews with experts of the railway agency, which are used to anew uncertainty-based expected maintenance/repair costs including lifetime indirect costs. For reliable assessment of the life-cycle maintenance/repair costs, statistical analysis considering maintenance history data and survey data including the subjective judgments of railway experts on maintenance/management of railroad bridges, are performed to categorize critical maintenance items and associated expected costs and uncertainty-based deterioration models are developed. Finally, the formulation for simulation-based LCC analysis of railway bridges with uncertainty-based deterioration models are applied to the design-decision problem, which is to select an optimal bridge type having minimum Life-Cycle cost among various railway bridges types such as steel plate girder bridge, and prestressed concrete girder bridge in the basic design phase.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to suggest the evaluation standard of cost-effectiveness analysis for renew of architectural equipment in public building. Evaluation items of cost-effectiveness analysis for renew of architectural equipment in public building were used life cycle cost, energy consumption(ton of oil equivalent), green house gas emissions(ton of carbon dioxide) and maximum power demand. Life cycle cost is the process of making an economic assessment of an item, area, system, or facility by considering all significant costs of ownership over an economic life, expressed in terms of equivalent costs. The essence of life cycle costing is the analysis of equivalent costs of various alternative proposals. The social concern with green house gas and maximum power demand of architectural equipment field has been growing for the last several years.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the life cycle cost of primary cooling system by systematic support cost. Life Cycle Cost(LCC) is the process of making an economic assessment of an item, area, system, or facility by considering all significant costs of ownership over an economic life, expressed in terms of equivalent costs. The essence of life cycle costing is the analysis of equivalent costs of various alternative proposals. In order to select economical primary cooling system in early heat source plan stages, the research investigates cost items and cost characteristics during project process phases such as planning/design, construction, maintenance /management, and demolition/sell phases. The study also analyze the life cycle cost by capacity leading to suggest the most economical primary cooling system by systematic support cost.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.387-390
• /
• 2008

The importance of the life cycle cost analysis for construction projects of bridge has been recognized over the last decades. Accordingly, theoretical models, guidelines, and supporting softwares have been developed for the life cycle cost analysis of bridges. However, it is difficult to predict life cycle cost considering uncertainties precisely. This paper presents methodology for optimal design of substructure for a steel box bridge. Total life cycle cost for the service life is calculated as sum of initial cost, damage cost considering uncertainty, maintenance cost, repair and rehabilitation cost. The optimization method is applied to design of a bridge substructure with minimal cost, in which the objective function is set to life cycle cost and constraints are formulated on the basis of Korean Bridge Design Specification. Initial cost is calculated based on standard costs of the Korea Construction Price Index and damage cost on the damage probabilities to consider the uncertainty of load and resistance. An advanced first-order second moment method is used as a practical tool for reliability analysis using damage probability. Maintenance cost and cycle is determined by a stochastic method and user cost includes traffic operation costs and time delay costs.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.636-642
• /
• 2009

The application of LCC-techniques is being introduced at the on-going procurement programs of various techniques. LCC-techniques have the common characteristic that all are designed to motivate contractors to design, manufacture and deliver equipment with lower life cycle costs. You may believe that savings may be in the acquisition cost component of life cycle costs. However, primary emphasis is generally on reducing and controlling operating and support costs by transferring more responsibility to the contractor for equipment operating and support cost performance. It has been found that life cycle cost procurement provisions must be individually tailored to each program. In this study, the currently identified LCC procurement techniques including a variety of LCC incentive provisions are introduced. Moreover, verification method, a procedural issue and incentive to application of LCC-techniques are examined.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.189-199
• /
• 2002

This study is intended to propose a systematic procedure for the development of the conditional assessment based on the safety of structures and the cost effective performance criteria for designing and upgrading of bridge structures. As a result, a set of cost function models for a life cycle cost analysis of bridge structures is proposed and thus the expected total life cycle costs (ETLCC) including initial (design, testing and construction) costs and direct/indirect damage costs considering repair and replacement costs, human losses and property damage costs, road user costs, and indirect regional economic losses costs. Also, the optimum safety indices are presented based on the expected total cost minimization function using only three parameters of the failure cost to the initial cost (${\tau}$), the extent of increased initial cost by improvement of safety (${\nu}$) and the order of an initial cost function (n). Through the enough numerical invetigations, we can positively conclude that the proposed optimum design procedure for bridge structures based on the ETLCC will lead to more rational, economical and safer design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2010

The importance of the life cycle cost (LCC) analysis for bridges has been recognized over the last decade. However, it is difficult to predict LCC precisely since the costs occurring throughout the service life of the bridge depend on various parameters such as design, construction, maintenance, and environmental conditions. This paper presents a methodology for the optimal life cycle cost design of a bridge. Total LCC for the service life is calculated as the sum of initial cost, damage cost, maintenance cost, repair and rehabilitation cost, user cost, and disposal cost. The optimization method is applied to design of a bridge structure with minimal cost, in which the objective function is set to LCC and constraints are formulated on the basis of Korean Bridge Design Code. Initial cost is calculated based on standard costs of the Korea Construction Price Index and damage cost on damage probabilities to consider the uncertainty of load and resistance. Repair and rehabilitation cost is determined using load carrying capacity curves and user cost includes traffic operation costs and time delay costs. The optimal life cycle cost design of a bridge is performed and the effects of parameters are investigated.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.67 no.12
• /
• pp.1717-1722
• /
• 2018

Parts and units of 8200 series electric locomotive are aging, but and source technology is not secured. As a results, maintenance costs are increasing steadily due to using expensive substitute parts. Therefore, various studies have been conducted to reduce maintenance costs. In this paper, the life cycle cost(LCC) of the developed and conventional products were compared and analyzed about main conversion system in 8200 Series electric locomotive. As a result of analysis, the material cost was the highest in the conventional product among the various item costs. On the other hand, it is confirmed that preventive cost was the highest among the costs about the developed product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2015

During the industrial plant system life cycle, required technologies are developed and assessed to analyze their performance, risks and costs. The assessment is called technology readiness assessment (TRA) and the measure of readiness is called technology readiness level (TRL). The TRL consists of 9 levels and through the TRL assessment, the technology to be developed and its components are assigned to their appropriate TRL. TRL assessment should be performed in each life cycle stages to monitor the technology readiness and analyze the potential risks and costs. However, even though the concept of TRL has been largely adopted by numerous organizations and industry, direct and clear assignment of target TRL for each life cycle stage has been overlooked. Direct mapping/assignment of target TRL for each life cycle has benefits as follow: (1) the technical risks condition of each life cycle stage can be better understood, (2) cost incurred if the technology development is failed can be analyzed in each life cycle stage, and (3) more effective decision making because the technology readiness achievement for each life cycle stages is agreed beforehand. In this paper, we propose a steel-making plant system life cycle and TRL assignment to each of the system life cycle stage. By directly assigning target TRL for each life cycle stages, we look forward to a more coordinated (in terms of exit criteria) and highly effective (in terms of technical risks identification and eventually prevent project failure) technology development and assessment processes.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.311-317
• /
• 2011

There is a growing concern in reducing greenhouse gas emissions all over the world. The U.K. has set 34% target reduction of emission before 2020 and 80% before 2050 compared to 1990 recently in Post Copenhagen Report on Climate Change. In practise, Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools have been introduced to construction industry in order to achieve this such as. However, there is clear a disconnection between costs and environmental impacts over the life cycle of a built asset when using these two tools. Besides, the changes in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) lead to a change in the way information is represented, in particular, information is being fed more easily and distributed more quickly to different stakeholders by the use of tool such as the Building Information Modelling (BIM), with little consideration on incorporating LCC and LCA and their maximised usage within the BIM environment. The aim of this paper is to propose the development of a model-based LCC and LCA tool in order to provide sustainable building design decisions for clients, architects and quantity surveyors, by then an optimal investment decision can be made by studying the trade-off between costs and environmental impacts. An application framework is also proposed finally as the future work that shows how the proposed model can be incorporated into the BIM environment in practise.