• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

Cylindrocarpon destructans/Ilyonectria radicicola is thought to cause both rusty symptom and root-rot disease of American and Korean ginseng. Root-rot disease poses a more serious threat to ginseng roots than rusty symptoms, which we argue result from the plant defense response to pathogen attack. Therefore, strains causing rotten root are characterized as more aggressive than strains causing rusty symptoms. In this review, we state 1- the molecular evidence indicating that the root-rot causing strains are genetically distinct considering them as a separate species of Ilyonectria, namely I. mors-panacis and 2- the physiological and biochemical differences between the weakly and highly aggressive species as well as those between rusty and rotten ginseng plants. Eventually, we postulated that rusty symptom occurs on ginseng roots due to incompatible interactions with the weakly aggressive species of Ilyonectria, by the established iron-phenolic compound complexes while root-rot is developed by I. morspanacis infection due to the production of high quantities of hydrolytic and oxidative fungal enzymes which destroy the plant defensive barriers, in parallel with the pathogen growth stimulation by utilizing the available iron. Furthermore, we highlight future areas for study that will help elucidate the complete mechanism of root-rot disease development.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.389-396
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• 2018

Marine pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus parauberis, Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio harveyi, can cause lethal infections in farmed fish, ozone and antibiotics, are employed to sterilize waters used for rearing fish to mitigate this threat. The most widely used method is treatment with sodium hypochlorite solution. However, the maintenance of a constant concentration of chlorine in rearing waters can be difficult. We investigated the potential of a mixed oxidant (MO) solution generated by electrolysis of sea water to improve water quality. We measured the survival rates of fish pathogenic bacteria exposed to different concentrations of MO (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 MO) and sodium hypochlorite (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm) for various lengths of time (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min). We found a time-dependent decrease in the survival rates of the tested pathogenic microorganisms. The sterilization effect of the MO solution on pathogenic organisms was greater than that of sodium hypochlorite for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. We conclude that MO solution produced by electrolysis could be used to maintain a constant chlorine concentration in aquaculture systems.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Human genomic DNA is continuously attacked by oxygen radicals originated from cellular metabolic processes and numerous environmental carcinogens. 2-deoxyribonolactone (dL) is a major type of oxidized abasic (AP) lesion implicated in DNA strand scission, mutagenesis, and formation of covalent DNA-protein crosslink (DPC) with DNA polymerase (Pol) ${\beta}$. We show here that human DNA polymerase (Pol)${\iota}$ and mitochondrial $Pol{\gamma}$ give rise to stable DNA-protein crosslink (DPC) formation that is specifically mediated by dL lesion. $Pol{\gamma}$ mediates DPC formation at the incised dL residue by its 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (dRP) lyase activity, while $Pol{\gamma}$ cross links with dL thorough its intrinsic dRP lyase and AP lyase activities. Reactivity in forming dL-mediated DPC was significantly higher with $Pol{\gamma}$ than with $Pol{\iota}$. DPC formation by $Pol{\gamma}$, however, can be reduced by an accessory factor of $Pol{\gamma}$ holoenzyme that may attenuate deleterious effects of crosslink adducts on mitochondrial DNA. Comparative kinetic analysis of DPC formation showed that the rate of DPC formation with either $Pol{\iota}$ or $Pol{\gamma}$ was lower than that with $Pol{\beta}$. These results revealed that the activity of catalytic lyase in DNA polymerases determine the efficiency of DPC formation with dL damages. Irreversible crosslink formation of such DNA polymerases by dL lesions may result in a prolonged strand scission and a suicide of DNA repair proteins, both of which could pose a threat to the genetic and structural integrity of DNA.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

The security law and security industry of Japan have a great impact on Korea. In a modern sense, there are little large disparities between the two nations in the history and development of private security. However, the way they look at private security is not the same in large part. In Japan, private security companies are highly regarded by Japanese people as organizations that guarantee their safety, owing to the efforts of private security companies themselves, the National Security Association and civic groups. Private security has especially been approved and supported since it was decided in the anticrime cabinet council in December, 2003, in line with the action plan for the realization of anticrime society to boost private security as an industry to ensure people's safety in daily routine life by curbing crimes that might pose a threat to peaceful life. Afterwards, there has been a dynamic collaboration between the Japanese police and private security in terms of education, crime prevention, disaster prevention/restoration and everyday life safety. As for Korea, the necessity of cooperation between private security and the police is increasingly stressed, and it's required to strengthen their partnership to ensure successful crime prevention in consideration of Japanese partnership cases. In Japan, the police, civic groups, the security association and security companies make every effort to satisfy Japanese people's safety needs in diverse ways and take disaster-prevention measures as well.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2008

In today's industrial society, one observes fierce competition aiming at profit generation among companies, and the utilization of complex machineries and cutting edge science and technology constitutes a constant threat to the life, body, and health of employees. In such a context, it is precisely the purpose of the Industrial Safety and Health Act that is in force to provide protection to the life and health of employees against hazardous and harmful environment and the role of enterprises becomes more and more important in the law. The Industrial Safety and Health Act places the responsibility for preventing industrial accidents on the shoulders of the business employer by providing safety and health information relating to current employees and creating an appropriate work environment. The employer must recognize the importance of prevention of industrial accident and must possess a business philosophy that places top priority on safety when it comes to company management. In light of such practical considerations, the present study approaches to find out the influence of safety and health management on business management from a statistical sample survey point of view. By doing this, the study hopes to show that a through safety management serves to protect the life and health of employees and raise profit for businesses. What is more, the study hopes to demonstrate that promoting a sound business culture can act as fertilizer that promotes the ushering in of a bright society.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.27-32
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• 2016

In general, IoT(Internet of things) designate the intelligence technologies and services which interact all necessity information between human and things, things and thing and things and systems with all things connecting through the internet based. The smart home in present of IoT environment fuses the daily supplies/equipment which needs to use for the private life with the internet of things that is the fruit of the converged business through all most private consumption related in vastly. The concept of smart home has been built around early 2000s due to the spread of high speed internet and advanced of smart electronics and internet, furthermore influencing by the enhancement of wireless network and smart devices, it is advanced as a smart home within the internet of things environment. Smart home service inside the house which most closely implemented with personal life is being developed and advanced in various forms. These developments may exert a positive effect, but if it does not resolve the security issues for the smart home service, then it may cause a big plague of privacy and personal life.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2018

The presence of pathogens in wild fish is a potential threat to the fish being raised nearby fish farm. Surveillance of these pathogens in the wild is, thus, highly important to keep fish in the farm safe from serious communicable diseases. Fish and crustacean were sampled 4 times at Soyang Lake in 2016. Pathogens for five reportable communicable diseases including KHVD (koi herpesvirus disease), SVC (spring viraemia of carp), EUS (epizootic ulcerative syndrome) and WSD (white spot disease), and parasites were investigated. In Soyang Lake, pale chub Zacco platypus was the most abundant. Forty seven pale chub, 8 Korea piscivorous chub Opsarichthys uncirostris, 3 oily shiner Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae and 2 crucian carp Cyprinus carassius were investigated for detection of target diseases of fish. Seventeen Caridina denticulata denticulata, 12 Oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense and 1 Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis were used for detection of WSD. As the result, reportable communicable diseases were not detected in all the freshwater animals. Dactylogyrus was detected in Korea piscivorous chub. Copepoda was also detected in pale chub and Korea piscivorous chub. Metacercaria was detected in the pale chub sampled in September and October. Those were not metacercaria of liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.69-77
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• 2019

Among the many factors that threaten the improvement of public health and quality of life, the proportion of fine dust is not so small, and the kinds and causes of the dust are also diversified. However, the domestic measuring instrument is in the initial stage and the certification system is insignificant. Recognizing the threat of fine dust for a long time, the United States has established a protocol of measurement standards and measurement methods and applied the developed fine dust measuring device authentication system. Through this system, the United States is leading the world's fine dust industry, technology and market. The EPA, FRM and FEM of the fine dust-related protocol were analyzed to reduce the harmful effects of repeated fine dust every year. In addition, light scattering method and spectroscopy method which can measure in real time by measuring method were examined, and the types and characteristics of fine dust measuring instrument of international certification level were analyzed. Finally, development and service plan of the domestic fine dust measuring instrument are presented.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.170-200
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of Mt. Choejeong in Gachang-myeon, Daegu. From March 2017 to October 2018, a total of 22 studies were conducted. The vascular plants surveyed were grouped into 560 taxa, including 104 families, 297 genera, 495 species, 4 subspecies, 51 varieties and 10 forma. Endemic plants 15 taxa, Rare plants 5 taxa, Red list plants 5 taxa, Floristic regional indicator plants 54 taxa, Naturalized plants 36 taxa were recorded. Among surveyed 560 taxa, edible, medicinal, ornamental, timber, pasturing, industrial and fiber plants included 246 taxa (29.2%), 228 taxa (27.1%), 164 taxa (19.5%), 61 taxa (7.2%), 13 taxa (1.5%), and 8 taxa (0.9%). And because people are coming and going more frequently than in the past, this will result in more frequent influx of naturalized plants and a threat to the habitat of the plants that are currently growing.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.966-975
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• 2017

Excessive salt disrupts intracellular ion homeostasis and inhibits plant growth, which poses a serious threat to global food security. Plants have adapted various strategies to survive in unfavorable saline soil conditions. Here, we show that humic acid (HA) is a good soil amendment that can be used to help overcome salinity stress because it markedly reduces the adverse effects of salinity on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. To identify the molecular mechanisms of HA-induced salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, we examined possible roles of a sodium influx transporter HIGH-AFFINITY $K^+$ TRANSPORTER 1 (HKT1). Salt-induced root growth inhibition in HKT1 overexpressor transgenic plants (HKT1-OX) was rescued by application of HA, but not in wild-type and other plants. Moreover, salt-induced degradation of HKT1 protein was blocked by HA treatment. In addition, the application of HA to HKT1-OX seedlings led to increased distribution of $Na^+$ in roots up to the elongation zone and caused the reabsorption of $Na^+$ by xylem and parenchyma cells. Both the influx of the secondary messenger calcium and its cytosolic release appear to function in the destabilization of HKT1 protein under salt stress. Taken together, these results suggest that HA could be applied to the field to enhance plant growth and salt stress tolerance via post-transcriptional control of the HKT1 transporter gene under saline conditions.