• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.166-174
• /
• 2019

Bacterial species in the genus Xanthomonas infect virtually all crop plants. Although many genes involved in Xanthomonas virulence have been identified through molecular and cellular studies, the elucidation of virulence-associated regulatory circuits is still far from complete. Functional gene networks have proven useful in generating hypotheses for genetic factors of biological processes in various species. Here, we present a genome-scale co-functional network of Xanthomonas oryze pv. oryzae (Xoo) genes, XooNet (www.inetbio.org/xoonet/), constructed by integrating heterogeneous types of genomics data derived from Xoo and other bacterial species. XooNet contains 106,000 functional links, which cover approximately 83% of the coding genome. XooNet is highly predictive for diverse biological processes in Xoo and can accurately reconstruct cellular pathways regulated by two-component signaling transduction systems (TCS). XooNet will be a useful in silico research platform for genetic dissection of virulence pathways in Xoo.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2022

Purpose - The sports business industry and contemporary sports marketing is an exemplary wide field that primarily comprises specific activities, numerous individuals, organizations, and business ventures. This research aims to provide a marketing strategy to lead Leisure sporting goods consumption to improve the leisure life of sports participants. Research design, Data, and methodology - The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was conducted to obtain the appropriate literature resources and total 15 previous resources selected by the present author after excluding papers based on screening process. Result - The literature analysis revealed that marketing practitioners in the sports and leisure industry should remember three significant solutions which are suggested. These solutions the following: (1) Brand Visibility, (2) Suitable Business Designs, and (3) Customers Support. They will enhance the perspective of consumption goods that foster leisure life to sporting participants following a well-advanced market strategy Conclusion - The sporting activities are generally inspiring, emotion provoking, immersive, rapidly growing profits and revenues, and engaging; hence, it is a great adventure of advancing customer orientation and a platform for growing the market. Therefore professionals have the responsibility to design sporting events in synergy with different stakeholders in ensuring improved and enjoyable experiences based on the marketing solutions of the current research.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.30-39
• /
• 2024

Directed evolution (DE) of desired locus by targeted random mutagenesis (TRM) tools is a powerful approach for generating genetic variations with novel or improved functions, particularly in complex genomes. TRM-based DE involves developing a mutant library of targeted DNA sequences and screening the variants for the desired properties. However, DE methods have for a long time been confined to bacteria and yeasts. Lately, CRISPR/Cas and DNA deaminase-based tools that circumvent enduring barriers such as longer life cycle, small library sizes, and low mutation rates have been developed to facilitate DE in native genetic environments of multicellular organisms. Notably, deaminase-based base editing-TRM (BE-TRM) tools have greatly expanded the scope and efficiency of DE schemes by enabling base substitutions and randomization of targeted DNA sequences. BE-TRM tools provide a robust platform for the continuous molecular evolution of desired proteins, metabolic pathway engineering, creation of a mutant library of desired locus to evolve novel functions, and other applications, such as predicting mutants conferring antibiotic resistance. This review provides timely updates on the recent advances in BE-TRM tools for DE, their applications in biology, and future directions for further improvements.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.8.1-8.11
• /
• 2021

Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important infectious pathogen implicated in porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), which has caused significant economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Objectives: A suitable viral vector-mediated gene transfer platform for the expression of the capsid protein (Cap) is an attractive strategy. Methods: In the present study, a recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 (rAAV8) vector was constructed to encode Cap (Cap-rAAV) in vitro and in vivo after gene transfer. Results: The obtained results showed that Cap could be expressed in HEK293T cells and BABL/c mice. The results of lymphocytes proliferative, as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG) 2a and interferon-γ showed strong cellular immune responses induced by Cap-rAAV. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers obtained and the IgG1 and interleukin-4 levels showed that humoral immune responses were also induced by Cap-rAAV. Altogether, these results demonstrated that the rAAV8 vaccine Cap-rAAV can induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses, indicating a potential rAAV8 vaccine against PCV2. Conclusions: The injection of rAAV8 encoding PCV2 Cap genes into muscle tissue can ensure long-term, continuous, and systemic expression.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.42-46
• /
• 2012

This report describes the isolation and identification of a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor-producing yeasts. Of 731 species of yeast strain, the S-3 strain was selected as a potent producer of AChE inhibitor. The selected S-3 strain was investigated for its microbiological characteristics. The S-3 strain was found to be short-oval yeast that did not form an ascospore. The strain formed a pseudomycelium and grew in yeast malt medium containing 50% glucose and 10% ethanol. Finally, the S-3 strain was identified by its physiological characteristics and 26S ribosomal DNA sequences as $Yarrowia$ $lipolytica$ S-3.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.1703-1707
• /
• 2013

A fast and simple sampling and sample preparation device, (NTD) has been developed and applied to sample and analyze volatile components from ground coffee beans. Coffee fragrances and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled by the NTD and then analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Divinylbenzene (DVB) particles (80/100 mesh size) were the sorbent bed of the NTD. More than 150 volatile components were first identified based on the database of the mass library and then finally 30 fragrances including caffeine were further confirmed by comparing experimental retention indices (i.e. Kovat index) with literature retention indices. Total sampling time was 10 minutes and no extra solvent extraction and/or reconstitution step need. Straight n-alkanes (C6-C20) were used as retention index probes for the calculation of experimental retention indices. In addition, this report suggests that an empty needle can be an alternative platform for analyzing polymers by pyrolysis-GC/MS.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.1058-1067
• /
• 2015

Dweller's safety is one of the most important factors for the evaluation of building performance. The process of conventional safety design which is normally performed by the codes and designer's experiences is not enough to check the whole possibilities of unexpected accidents in the built environment. It means that the dwellers might be always exposed by the dangerous situation which should have been removed in the architectural design process. In order to solve this problem, this study intends to introduce a rule-based performance evaluation technology based on BIM(Building Information Modeling). The proposed technology focuses on the real time evaluation of dweller's safety in the ordinary life in the designed building alternatives and uses a commercial BIM tool as a design and evaluation platform.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.383-391
• /
• 2002

The difficulties in dealing with the Bioinformatics data come more from its idiosyncrasies than from its quantity Currently researchers need to an easy method for data exchange, manage, update. In order to integrate and manage all kinds of biological data, it is reasonable to adopt XML as standard tool since XML is independent of operating system, programming language and hardware platform. Although XML in Bioinformatics has been used widely as a standard notation abroad, however it is the beginning step in the domestic research. This article reviews a basic concept of XML and how to apply XML modeling in Bioinformatics. In addition we present XML applications for genomic sequences, structures and genetic network modeling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.296-303
• /
• 2002

Tribology, in other words, interacting surfaces in relative motion, is essential in life. The relative motion on surfaces may cause some problems with heat, vibration, noise, and so on. Unwanted vibrations by friction, which may arise during the operation of machines, are costly in terms of reduction of performance and service life. All these phenomena inolve stick-slip. The telescopic boom operations involves stick-slip oscillations like slideways. Unwanted stick-slip oscillations on telescopic boom operations cannot achieve smooth sliding and many developers of that machine makes a lot of effort to remove or reduce it. So this paper presents stick-slip oscillation with pressure of the hydraulic cylinder which drives booms, and attempts a theoretical approach for the numerical analysis for its stick-slip condition.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.155-175
• /
• 2000

Electronic commerce has already existed for over 20 years. In sectors such as retail and automotive, electronic data interchange(EDI) for application-to-application interaction is being used regularly. For defence and heavy manufacturing, electronic commerce life-cycle management concepts have been developed that aim to integrate information across larger parts of the value chain, from design to maintenance, such as CALS(Computer Assisted Life-cycle Support or Computer Aided Logistics Support). Bolero's mission is to provide guaranteed and secure delivery, in electronic form, of trade documentation, globally, based on a binding legal environment and common procedures. Bolero will also provide a platform for provision of neutral cross-industry services.