• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The ischial area is by far the most common site of pressure sores found in wheel chair bound paraplegic patients, because greatest pressure is exerted from the body on this area in a sitting position. Even after a series of successful pressure sore treatments, the site is very prone to relapse by the simplest ordinary tasks of everyday life. Therefore, it is crucial to preserve the main pedicle during primary surgery. Various surgical procedures employed to treat pressure sores such as myocutaneous flap and perforator flap have been introduced. After introduction of ischial sore treatment using the inferior gluteal artery perforator (IGAP) has been made, the authors experienced favorable clinical results of patients who have undergone IGAP flap procedure in a three year time period. Methods: A total of 17 patients received IGAP flap surgery in our hospital from January 2003 to May 2006, among which 14 of them being males and 3 females. Surgery was performed on the same site again in 6(35%) patients who had originally relapsed after receiving the conventional method of pressure sore surgery. Patients' average age was 49.4(27-71) years old. Most of the patients were paraplegic(11 cases, 65%) and others were either quadriplegic(4 cases, 23%) or ambulatory(2 cases, 12%). Based on hospital records and clinical photographs, we have attempted to assess the feasibility and practicability of the IGAP flap procedure through comparative analysis of several parameters: size of defective area, treatment modalities, occurrence of relapses, complications, and postoperative treatments. Results: The average follow-up duration of 17 subjects was 25.4 months(5-42 months). All flaps survived without any necrosis. Six cases were relapsed cases from conventional surgical procedures. All of them healed well during our follow-up study. Postoperative complications such as wound dehiscence and fistula developed in some subjects, but all were well healed through secondary treatment. A total of 2 cases relapsed after surgery. Conclusion: The inferior gluteal artery perforator flap is an effective method that can be primarily applied in replacement to the conventional ischial pressure sore reconstructive surgery owing to its many advantages: ability to preserve peripheral muscle tissue, numerous possible flap designs, relatively good durability, and the low donor site morbidity rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.62-75
• /
• 1986

An experimental investigation of the machining characteristics such as cutt- ing resistance, surface roughness and tool wear in turning the test pieces of SM45C steel with both coated and uncoated carbide tool tips under various cutting conditions was conducted. Also a specially designed simple vibration damping device was experimentally evaluated for its effectiveness on machined surface roughness and a vibration test was conducted to confirm its ability to reduce the amplitude. Based on these tests finding, the following conclusions are made; 1. The cutting resistance($\textrm{p}_{1}$) increases as the depth of cut(d) increases at fixed feed rate(f) over the cutting speed(v) range of 43-226 m/min and p decreses about 18% average when V is increased for fixed d and f. At V= 226m/min, $\textrm{p}_{1}$/for A, C tips are about the same level but $\textrm{p}_{1}$ for B tip is 15% less than A, C tips. 2. The specific cutting resistance(Ks) at V=226 m/min was derived for A, B, C tips respectively and the value of Ks for B rip is about 20% less than A, C tips. 3. The surface roughness(Ra) improves significantly as the cutting speed(V) is increased and this effect was greater when V>100 m/min. On the other hand, Ra deteriorates as the feed rate(f) is increased and this trend was accelerated when f>0.3 mm/rev. With regard to the difference of Ra values among A, B, C tips, at V=226m/min, d=0.4mm, and f=0.31-0.61mm/rev, Ra values for B.C tips are about 17% less than tip A. 4. The experimental tool wear equations were derived for A, B, C tips and from these equations, the tool life($\textrm{T}_{\textrm{L}}$) baced on the I.S.O. criteria was calculated to be $\textrm{T}_{\textrm{L}}$<$\textrm{T}_{\textrm{LB}}$<$\textrm{T}_{\textrm{LC}}$ for both flank wear($\textrm{V}_{\textrm{B}}$) and boundary wear($\textrm{V}_{\textrm{N}}$). Hence, the coated tips are superior to the uncoated tip and tip C is considered to be the best. 5. The cutting resistance may be slightly reduced and the surface rounghness improved when the damper is used especially when V>100 m/min. Therefore this damping device is considered to be effective and practical. The experimental surface roughness equations were also derived. Based on the vibration test, it is established that the surface roughness improvement was the result of amplitude reduction made possible by the damper.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.103-123
• /
• 2017

Mathematical tasks in general introduce and deal with real-life situations, and they derive to students' thinking fluently in solving the given tasks. The tasks might be considered as an important and significant factor to lead a successful mathematical teaching and learning situation. MiC Textbook is a representative one showing such good examples and tasks. This study explores concretely and in detail the cognitive demand level of mathematical tasks, by the subject of MiC Textbook. To accomplish this, this study is to reconstruct more elaborately the analysis framework developed by Hwang and Park in 2013. The framework basically was set up utilizing 'the cognitive demand level' suggested by Stein, et, al. The cognitive demand level is divided into two levels such as low level and high level. The low level is comprized of two elements such as Memorization Tasks(MT), Procedures Without Connections Tasks(PNCT), and high level is Procedures With Connections Tasks(PWCT), and Doing Mathematics Tasks(DMT). This study deals with the tasks on the area of 'data analysis and statistics' in MiC 1, 2, 3 level Textbook. As a result, mathematical tasks of MiC Textbook led learners to deal with and understand mathematical content for themselves, and furthermore to do leading roles for checking and reinforcing the content. Also, mathematical tasks of MiC Textbook are comprized of the tasks suitable to enhance mathematical thinking ability through communication. In addition, mathematical tasks of MiC Textbook tend to offer more learning opportunity to learners' themselves while the level of MiC Textbook is going up.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2012

Nowadays, recognizing human activities is an important subject; it is exploited widely and applied to many fields in real-life, especially in health care and context aware application. Research achievements are mainly focused on activities of daily living which are useful for suggesting advises to health care applications. Falling event is one of the biggest risks to the health and well-being of the elderly especially in independent living because falling accidents may be caused from heart attack. Recognizing this activity still remains in difficult research area. Many systems equipped wearable sensors have been proposed but they are not useful if users forget to wear the clothes or lack ability to adapt themselves to mobile systems without specific wearable sensors. In this paper, we develop a novel method based on analyzing the change of acceleration, orientation when the fall occurs and measure their similarity to featured fall patterns. In this study, we recruit five volunteers in our experiment including various fall categories. The results are effective for recognizing fall activity. Our system is implemented on G1 smart phone which are already plugged accelerometer and orientation sensors. The popular phone is used to get data from accelerometer and results showthe feasibility of our method and significant contribution to fall detection.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.334-340
• /
• 2005

This study has attempted to examine the effect of Artemisia princeps and A. argyi on liver function-related enzymes in rats with $CCl_4$ adminisration. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) from A. princeps were decreased by 33, 23 and $19\%$, respectively, compared to control. The activities of AST, ALT and ALP from A. argyi were decreased by 37, 33 and $26\%$, respectively. Total phenol contents were 10.2 mg/mL and 4.7 mg/mL in A. princeps, and A. argyi, respectively. Also, flavonoid contents were $6.1\;mg\%\;and\;3.6\;mg\%$ in A. princeps, and A. ar효i, respectively. Ethanol extract from A. argyi showed higher electron donating ability toward DPPH than A. princeps. A total of 31 volatile components(3 hydrocarbons, 10 terpenes, 5 carbonyls, 8 alcohols and 5 esters) were indentified in A. princeps, and A. argyi. The major volatile components of A. princeps were $\delta$-3-carene($2.2\%$) in terpenes and nerolidol($0.9\%$) in alcohols. The major volatile components of A. argyi were eugenol($1.4\%$) in alcohols and thyl pentadecanoate($1.1\%$) in esters.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.463-469
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activities of Dansam (S. miltiorrhiza). The Dansam (S. miltiorrhiza) was extracted with ethanol and methanol, and the extracts were fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol and water, in that order. The antioxidant activities of Dansam (S. miltiorrhiza) were determined by measuring the radical scavenging effects, using the 1, l-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The electron donating ability was shown to be about 50% (IC50) at concentration of L-ascorbic acid, Dansam that reflected eliminatory effect by 50% were 9.48$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 8.28$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, and l2.59$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ respectively. According to the results of the above anti oxidation experiments, those for the group with the added Dansam showed a decreased oxidation, but the antioxidation increased with time. With a storage temperature of 60 C for 5 days, the acid value for the relative antioxidant activities were higher than in the Control group. The peroxide values for the relative antioxidant activities were also higher than in the Control group. The TBA values for the relative antioxidant activities were higher than in the Control group.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.307-315
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The central composition design was used to optimize the mixture conditions of black garlic extract. Methods: The response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out from concentration of black garlic extract ($X_1$) and the amount of the black garlic extract ($X_2$) as independent variables, and salts ($Y_1$), reducing sugars ($Y_2$), the content of total phenolic compounds ($Y_3$) and ABTS radical scavenging activity ($Y_4$) as dependent variables. We confirmed the conditions that salinity was minimized and reducing sugar, total phenolic compounds and ABTS radical scavenging activity had maximum values through the response surface analysis. Results: All results had saddle points in originally set up conditions hence, ridge analysis was carried out for narrowing the experimental area. The minimum salt concentration was 16.03% at black garlic extract concentration of $14.84^{\circ}brix$ and contents of 9.26%. Reducing sugar content had maximum of value 7.30 g/mL at $24.58^{\circ}brix$ and contents of 8.08%. Total phenolic compounds contents and ABTS radical scavenging activity had maximum values at black garlic extract concentration of 20.33 and $25.02^{\circ}brix$. The results indicate that addition of black garlic extract contributed to increased reducing sugar, phenolic compounds contents and antioxidant activity of the soy sauce, but the salt concentration was not significantly affected. Conclusion: Based on the results of RSM, the optimum ranges of addition conditions for lowering the salt concentration and, increasing the sensory and functional ability of soy sauce were as follows: black garlic extract concentration of $15-25^{\circ}brix$ and content of 7.8-9.3%.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 1987

This study was performed to investigate the creeping habit in top-cross progeny, and to determine the relationship among the major agronomic characters in the top-cross progeny testing based on the The The conclusions of simple correlation coefficients. the study were summarized as follows ; The creeping type crossed with the non-creeping tester was the greatest in width and seed yield. For all three characters, the creeping type crossed with the non-creeping tester and the non-creeping type crossed with the creeping tester were greater than any other combination. The top-cross method was desirable for the study of general and specific combining ability. The sensitivity of the tester to differentiate the creeping and non-creeping types was better when a non-creeping tester was used.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.2
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1984

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various fertilizers and their application methods on pH in seedbed soil and seedling vigor of rice cultivars, "Nagdong" and" Samgang", for machine transplanting. The application of amnonium sulfate as nitrogen sources showed higher plant height and dry weight of seedlings than those of the urea treated plot. Seedling rot was highly occured in the basal application of urea than that of split treatment of urea, while the lower seedling rot was observed in ammonium sulfate treated plot than that of treatment. Regardless of the application methods, the higher rooting ability was observed in anmonium sulfate treatment than that of urea. Ammonium sulfate and superphosphate as nitrogen and phosphate sources, respectively, showed lower pH level than that of urea and fused phosphate treated plots. The use of ammonium sulfate and super phosphate as nitrogen and phosphate sources, respectively, seems to be effective to maintain the optimum pH level and to rear the healthy seedling, than that of urea or fused phosphate application.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.40-51
• /
• 1987

This experiment was conducted to search for Rhizobia with good nitrogen fixation abilities and to investigate their physiological characteristics isolated from 12 soybean cultivars and the affinities of root nodule bacteria with soybeans. The results obtained were as follows; Based on colors, Rhizobia grown on YMA medium were divided into 3 groups, i. e., white, translucent and transparent, amounting to 60, 30 and 10%, respectively. In litmus milk reaction, the strains which produced alkali, acid serum, alkaline serum and acid reached to 51, 29, 9 and 11%, respectively. Strains, S022, and S096 were slow-growers and produced alkaili, while strains, S080, S-090, and S118 were fastgrowers and produced acid. The growth of root nodule bacteria on YMA medium was favorable between the initial pHs of 6.0~7.0. Glutamine, asparagine and al1antoin as nitrogen sources enhanced the growth of root nodule bacteria. All the strains tested formed nodules on the soybean roots, and the strains with good symbiotic nitrogen fixation abilities that had white color, small colony, nitrate reduction abilities and no nitrite reduction abilities showed comparatively high nitrogen fixing activities. Some strains varied in nitrogen fixing activities according to soybean cultivars, and a few strains fanned ineffective nodules which showed no nitrogen fixing activity.