• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.157-176
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• 2019

Recently, as the number of closed schools continues to increase due to the super aging society, low fertility rate, declining school age population, There are cases in which a new facility or space is being reborn by utilizing idle facilities and sites of a closed school. The use of closed schools can be largely understood in the context of urban regeneration, the purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the area where closed school occurred and to analyze the closure type using the evaluation standard of the decline area in urban regeneration projects. In this paper, we propose that the system and model of utilizing closed school in the library should be considered based on the characteristics, type, form, and implications of the are in which closed schools occurred which derived from research results.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.65-89
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• 2019

This study explored the fact that libraries can be used as evacuation facilities, suggesting that existing libraries built not only strengthen their role and function as evacuation facilities but also need to be constructed or remodeled to meet the criteria for designation and operation of evacuation facilities. The use of closed schools was proposed to pursue economic efficiency and regional effects in building or remodeling, and the status of the evacuation facilities and closed school in Chungju was evaluated to check the effectiveness of these proposals, and closed school was assessed based on the capacity of the shelter. The three main points of discussion in this paper are as follows: ① Reconfirm what functions and roles the library are performing as an evacuation facility, and explore the advantages of using the library as an evacuation facility is used as an evacuation facility. ② Review and discuss the synergy by the role of the library and the closed schools. ③ Examine and discuss the synergy between these roles of the library and the closed school.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.77-106
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• 2018

Prior to the concrete and practical use of closed schools, this study was designed to identify trends in the use of closed schools, and the possibility and direction of the library's use of closed schools based on the status of closed schools and use cases. As a result of the case analysis, the building of libraries using closed schools can be reborn as libraries with different characteristics from general public libraries, such as providing complex cultural spaces, eco-friendly spaces, and local community places. In addition, based on the results of the study, future direction of library closure is suggested as follows: Provide local economic contribution and local revitalization opportunities, life-friendly and friendly space for local residents, recycling space linked with elderly welfare, care service, urban to rural Immigrants, creation of added value and creation of local business using closed schools, environment-friendly space, recycling as a complex community center, recycled into a space that meets and complements local needs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.91-116
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• 2019

This study conducted a demand analysis for the operation and management of closed schools, the direction of future use of closed schools, and the utilization of closed schools, among local residents expected to play a key role in the successful use of closed libraries. According to the study, residents in areas where schools actually occur may actively consider the use of closed schools when they are lacking in the number of libraries in the region or when they hope to remodel their schools as libraries, given that they are positive about future use of closed schools and that remodeling them is more economical in terms of cost than building new libraries. The current awareness of the use and operation of closed schools remains at a normal level, so it is deemed necessary to improve the direction of the promotion, operation and recycling of closed schools in the order of promotion, operation and physical aspects by grouping obstacles to the operation and management of closed schools. In addition, the current status of cultural facilities and the demands of local residents are met in terms of the types of use of closed school facilities, and it means that closed schools can be used in a relatively easy-to-access location based on their location, while libraries can be used as a space for cultural facilities that are different from the existing public libraries, exhibition halls, and eco-friendly libraries.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.81-92
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• 2009

I studied in this paper on the comparative study between the constructivism and the structuralism as the educational methods. On the constructivism in educational methods they say that knowledge is constructed subjectively by person individually(cognitive constructivism) or by persons reciprocally in the society(social constructivism). On the structuralism in educational methods they say that knowledge(structure) is in the closed-end text objectively and person pursue and identify this objective knowledge in the closed-end text. But on the post-structuralism(neostructuralism) they say that the text is not closed-ended but open-ended. So constructivism is consistent with post-structuralism. Education include application of knowledge and awareness of knowledge on my opinion. Education on application of knowledge is more important in this knowledge based society. Constructivism connote the application of knowledge in the education. School library media center and media specialist(teather-librarian) are essential elements of this application of knowledge in the education.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.16
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• pp.159-190
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• 1989

Under the colony of Japanese Empire, libraries of Hyanggyo's(a Confucian temple and a old-time School belonging to it) property a n.0, ppeared 45 libraries. Effects of these libraries are as follows: 1. Libraries of Hyanggyo's property impeded Korean people's enlightenment works in the aspect of a save the Nation movement spread all over the country by taking in Confucian scholars and those who work for the good of the locality. 2. It having prepared a point to civilize Koreans for Japanizing as far as rural and fishing community through libraries of Hyanggyo's property. 3. Though many libraries of Hyanggyo's property were closed, a quite libraries became the predecessor of Korea modern library which linked with public libraries.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.183-211
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• 2023

As a private school and a library in the Enlightenment Period of Korea, Woo-Hyun Seoru(友弦書樓) was established between 1904 - March 1905 by Lee, Dong Jin who had a will and provided a economic support for it and his son Lee, Il Woo had founded and operated it and it seemed to be closed in 1911. By this time, Woo-Hyun Seoru has been underestimated or ignored in the history of libraries in Korea. This study tried to investigate 8 aspects of Woo-Hyun Seoru as a modern library including the subject and purpose of establishment, the date of establishment, the location and buildings, the collection development and the acquisition methods, the user group and the important users, the library activities, the process of closure, and the moving path of the collections after the closure of Woo-Hyun Seoru. To do this, the articles of newspaper, periodicals, and academic journals, the relating documents and Sung Nam Se Go(城南世稿) written by Dong Jin Lee, Il Woo Lee and their descendants and colleagues were analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.140-145
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• 1999

In this study, noise analyses were performed toward ten school and one library-building adjacent to road. In particular, noise levels measured in the case-study city were compared to those from environmental noise standard as well as to encouraged noise level. In the analyses, the following conclusions are emphasized in order to make comfortable educational learning environment. 1) When windows were open, the measured noise level of 9 schools exceeded the encouraged noise level. In order to mitigate the exceeded level, it is necessary to plant trees or lawn and install soundproofing wall. 2) When windows were closed, the measured noise level of the most schools showed lower than that of encouraged level. For sound insulation, installing both double window and casement window are required. 3) Schoolhouse's vertical arrangement from the road in order to minimize the expected noise effect, and provision of green space by which visual hiding as well as psychological comfort are presumably achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.6
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• pp.137-163
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• 1979

The Purpose of this study is analyzed that (l) How the public Libraries under the Japanese Rule since the end of the Yi-Dynasty were recepted and generated by the people and (2) How they were organiged and managed. (3) Also it examined that how they affected the development of the libraries of today. 1. The following are the analyzed results: Three types of the public Libraries under the Japanese Rule for a period of 36 years engaged busily in colonization were Private's Public Libraries, Local Self-Government's Libraries and the Central Governmental Libraries, and were in order established. 2. They were eatablished by individuals, Confucian School Foundation, Young Men's Clubs, School Associations, Korean brethren residing abroad, or The Press Centering around the Local Self-Governments and the Japanese Government-General. 3. In 1932 of the period of the Japanese Rule, the number of Libraies gained the summit and reached 80 Libraries. The Public Libraries including the Central Governmental Libraries remained in existence until the end of the War had been kept up the functions of the Libraries, but the Private Libraries operated by the Koreans were very small and poor. As a result, most of them were closed up and some Libraries transferred their controls to the public. Until the end of the war, only a little over 10 Private Libraries were Kept up. From the aspects of it's organization system, the most of their libraries replaced their chief librarians with non-professional county-headmen or Local supporters. From the aspect of collections, they wate mainly consists of Japanese books for the proper quidance of the public thought based on the ideology of Japanese Rule to Korea and on the industrial promotion rather than books about Koreanology or Western books. At that time, the Library users were with the jobless men and students as the central figures. And the next ranking by the social position of readers was children, farmers, merchants, industrialists, public servants, miscellaneous and educators. Their reading tendencies laid stress on linguistics and literature, physical sciences and medicine, While the reading trend of military sciences and medicine, while the reading trend of military sciences and engineering were very inactive. This was because the Japanese Government-General had not kept the military collections on file. Besides, they were reluctant to make Korean's learn the professional knowledge and so the main reference materials of technology not provited. Most of the Libraries put practiced in circulation services were very important circulation in withinder of the reading room rather than in outside of the Library building. On the other hand, their circulation services has above came with many limitations. As stated above, the public Libraries' managements and activitives under the period of Japanese Rule were the way and means to achive the colonial and imperialistic purpose of the Japanese Empire.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1582-1589
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• 2009

Bacterial UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) catalyzes the transfer of enolpyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UNAG), which is the first step of bacterial cell wall synthesis. We identified thimerosal, thiram, and ebselen as effective inhibitors of Haemophilus influenzae MurA by screening a chemical library that consisted of a wide range of bioactive compounds. When MurA was preincubated with these inhibitors, their 50% inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}s$) were found to range from 0.1 to $0.7\;{\mu}M$. In particular, thimerosal suppressed the growth of several different Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium at a concentration range of $1-2\;{\mu}g/ml$. These inhibitors covalently modified the cysteine residue near the active site of MurA. This modification changed the open conformation of MurA to a more closed configuration, which may have prevented the necessary conformational change from occurring during the enzyme reaction.