• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2013

NaOH 화학적 활성화법을 사용하여 야자각 차로부터 고 비표면적과 미세기공이 발달된 활성탄을 제조하였다. 활성탄제조 공정은 탄화과정에서 활성화 약품과 야자각 차의 비율과 불활성 기체 유량과 같은 실험변수들을 분석함으로서 수행되었다. 이와 같은 NaOH 화학적 활성화에 의한 2,481 $m^2/g$의 고 비표면적과 2.32 nm의 평균 기공크기를 갖는 활성탄이 얻어졌다. 양극으로 $LiMn_2O_4$, $LiCoO_2$와 음극으로 제조된 활성탄을 사용하여 하이브리드 커패시터의 전기화학적 성능을 조사하였다. $LiPF_6$, $TEABF_4$의 유기 전해질을 사용한 하이브리드 커패시터의 전기화학적 거동은 정전류 충방전, 순환 전류 전압법, 사이클과 누설전류 테스트에 의해 특성화 되었다. $LiMn_2O_4$/AC 전극을 사용한 하이브리드 커패시터가 다른 하이브리드 시스템 보다 더 좋은 충방전 성능을 보였으며, 출력밀도 1,448 W/kg와 131 Wh/kg의 고 에너지 밀도를 전달할 수 있다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.172-176
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• 2005

차세대 5V급 양극활물질로 각광받고 있는 $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$는 기존의 $LiMn_2O_4$ spinel 물질의 $Mn^{3+}$을 $Ni^{2+}$으로 치환하여 5V 영역에서 $Ni^{2+}/Ni^{4+}$ 산화/환원 반응이 가능하게 한 물질이다. 기존의 $LiMn_2O_4$는 낮은 초기 용량과 충 방전에 따른 빠른 용량감소를 보이는 단점을 가지고 있어 이 문제를 극복하기 위해 Mn의 일부를 다른 금속으로 치환하여 $LiM_yMn_{2-y}O_4$ (M=Cr, Al, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Ca)을 만드는 방법이 활발히 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기계 화학적 합성법을 이용하여 합성한 $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$의 전기화학적 특성에 대해 연구하였다. 이 물질은 기존의 $LiMn_2O_4$보다 에너지 밀도가 높으며 저가 및 친환경성 등으로 앞으로 HEV 등에서 그 활용성이 크게 기대된다. 볼밀을 이용하여 여러가지 조건(출발물질 조건, 볼밀조건, 열처리조건 등)에서 $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$을 합성한 결과 기계화학적 방법으로는 $Ni^{2+}$가 $Mn^{3+}$를 완전히 치환하지 못하여 $4.0{\sim}4.1V$의 전압에서 $Mn^{3+}/Mn^{4+}$의 산화/환원과 관련된 peak가 발생하였다. Ni 원료 물질로써 수산화 물질을 사용하고 열처리 온도를 $800^{\circ}C$로 하였을 때 최상의 성능을 나타내었다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2010

Interstitial-free (IF) steels are widely used for car body material. However, a few types of streaky mark defect are commonly found on hot dip galvannealed (GA) IF steel sheets. In the present study, both the phase structure of a streaky mark defect and the microstructure of the substrate just below it were characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the bright streaky mark area was composed of ${\delta}$ phase while the dark normal area was full of craters. More than half of the grains at the uppermost surface of the substrate just below the streaky mark defect are unrecrystallized grains which could result from lower finish rolling temperature during hot rolling and be kept stable during the annealing process, while almost all the grains in the normal area are equiaxed grains. In order to confirm the effect of the unrecrystallized grains on the coating morphology, hot dip galvannealing simulation experiments were carried out in IWATANI HDPS. It is proved that the unrecrystallized grains accelerate the Fe-Zn reaction rate during galvannealing and result in a flatter coating surface and an even coating thickness. Finally, a formation mechanism of the streaky mark defect on the hot dip galvannealed IF steel sheet was discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

A modified mechanical model of pre-pressed spring self-centering energy dissipation (PS-SCED) brace is proposed, and the hysteresis band is distinguished by the indication of relevant state variables. The MDOF frame system equipped with the braces is formulated in an incremental form of linear acceleration method. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) based brace parameter optimization method is developed to obtain an optimal solution from the primary design scheme. Parameter sensitivities derived by the direct differentiation method are used to modify the change rate of parameters in the GA operator. A case study is conducted on a steel braced frame to illustrate the effect of brace parameters on node displacements, and validate the feasibility of the modified mechanical model. The optimization results and computational process information are compared among three cases of different strategies of parameter change as well. The accuracy is also verified by the calculation results of finite element model. This work can help the applications of PS-SCED brace optimization related to parameter sensitivity, and fulfill the systematic design procedure of PS-SCED brace-structure system with completed and prospective consequences.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2011

This feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of various additives on growth performance, hematological parameters, fatty acid composition, gene expression and histopathological changes in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Eleven isonitrogenous (49% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated: no additives (Con); 5% kelp meal (Ke); 10% krill meal (Kr); 1% garlic powder (Ga); 1% citrus meal (Ci); 3% onion powder (On); 1% ginger powder (Gi); 1% mugwort powder (Mu); 1% licorice powder (Li); 1% wasabi powder (Wa); and a mixture (Mix) of these additives. Three replicate groups of juvenile flounder (average weight of 8.5 g) were fed one of the experimental diets to visual satiety twice a day for 15 weeks. The dietary inclusion of additives did not affect survival, weight gain, specific growth rate feed efficiency, daily feed intake, daily protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index and visceralsomatic index of the fish. Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly lower in fish fed the Ke, Ga, On, Gi, Mu, Li, and Mix diets than in fish fed the control diet. Plasma glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and total cholesterol did not differ among dietary treatments. No significant difference was observed in fatty acid composition and lipid content of the dorsal muscle in fish fed the experimental diets. Myosin gene expression did not differ significantly among treatments after 5 weeks but was significantly lower in fish fed the Kr, Ci, Li, and Mix diets than in control group after 15 weeks. Histopathological analysis showed mild gill hyperplasia and mild necrosis of liver parenchymal cells in several individuals of each experimental group. These conditions were also observed in the control group and were not thought to be related to the inclusion of feed additives. The present findings indicate that the dietary inclusion of additives did not affect growth performance, fatty acid composition, gene expression, and histopathological changes in juvenile flounder. However, plasma triglyceride content may be reduced by supplementation with 5% kelp meal, 3% onion powder, 1% garlic powder, 1% ginger powder, 1% mugwort powder, and the additive mixture.

• 센서학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 1999

표면 탄성파 가스센서는 소자의 크기가 작고, 값이 싸며, 가스에 대한 감도가 매우 높고 소자의 신뢰도가 높은 장점을 갖고 있다. 본 연구에서는, $LiTaO_3$ 단결정 압전기판 위에 이중지연선을 갖는 표면 탄성파 $NO_2$ 가스센서를 설계 및 제작하였다. 제조된 IDT의 커패시턴스는 79.3MHz의 주파수에서 326.34pF였다. 임피던스 매칭이 된 IDT의 반사손실은 79.3MHz의 주파수에서 최대인 -16.74dB로 나타났다. SAW 발진기를 성하여 고주파증폭기의 이득을 적절히 조정함으로써 안정된 발진이 이루어짐을 확인하였다. SAW 발진기의 $NO_2$ 가스에 대한 발진주파수의 변이는 28Hz/ppm으로 나타났다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.227-241
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• 2010

A memory module industry's supply chain usually consists of multiple manufacturing sites and multiple distribution centers. In order to fulfill the variety of demands from downstream customers, production planners need not only to decide the order allocation among multiple manufacturing sites but also to consider memory module industrial characteristics and supply chain constraints, such as multiple material substitution relationships, capacity, and transportation lead time, fluctuation of component purchasing prices and available supply quantities of critical materials (e.g., DRAM, chip), based on human experience. In this research, a directed graph-based supply network planning (DGSNP) model is developed for memory module industry. In addition to multi-site order allocation, the DGSNP model explicitly considers production planning for each manufacturing site, and purchasing planning from each supplier. First, the research formulates the supply network's structure and constraints in a directed-graph form. Then, a proposed genetic algorithm (GA) solves the matrix form which is transformed from the directed-graph model. Finally, the final matrix, with a calculated maximum profit, can be transformed back to a directed-graph based supply network plan as a reference for planners. The results of the illustrative experiments show that the DGSNP model, compared to current memory module industry practices, determines a convincing supply network planning solution, as measured by total profit.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop an effective iterative two-stage method (ITSM) for structural damage identification of offshore platform structures. In each iteration, a new damage index, Modal Energy-Based Damage Index (MEBI), is proposed to help effectively locate the potential damage elements in the first stage. Then, in the second stage, the beetle antenna search (BAS) algorithm is used to estimate the damage severity of these elements. Compared with the well-known particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA), this algorithm has lower computational cost. A modal energy based objective function for the optimization process is proposed. Using numerical and experimental data, the efficiency and accuracy of the ITSM are studied. The effects of measurement noise and spatial incompleteness of mode shape are both considered. All the obtained results show that under these influences, the ITSM can accurately identify the true location and severity of damage. The results also show that the objective function based on modal energy is most suitable for the ITSM compared with that based on flexibility and weighted natural frequency-mode shape.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.719-728
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• 2022

The prediction of short-term traffic flow is the theoretical basis of intelligent transportation as well as the key technology in traffic flow induction systems. The research on short-term traffic flow prediction has showed the considerable social value. At present, the support vector regression (SVR) intelligent prediction model that is suitable for small samples has been applied in this domain. Aiming at parameter selection difficulty and prediction accuracy improvement, the artificial bee colony (ABC) is adopted in optimizing SVR parameters, which is referred to as the ABC-SVR algorithm in the paper. The simulation experiments are carried out by comparing the ABC-SVR algorithm with SVR algorithm, and the feasibility of the proposed ABC-SVR algorithm is verified by result analysis. Continuously, the simulation experiments are carried out by comparing the ABC-SVR algorithm with particle swarm optimization SVR (PSO-SVR) algorithm and genetic optimization SVR (GA-SVR) algorithm, and a better optimization effect has been attained by simulation experiments and verified by statistical test. Simultaneously, the simulation experiments are carried out by comparing the ABC-SVR algorithm and wavelet neural network time series (WNN-TS) algorithm, and the prediction accuracy of the proposed ABC-SVR algorithm is improved and satisfactory prediction effects have been obtained.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2017

The combination of nanoparticle with radioisotope could give the in vivo information with high sensitivity and specificity. However, radioisotope labeling of nanoparticle is very difficult and radioisotopes have different physicochemical properties, so the radioisotope selection of nanoparticle should be carefully considered. $^{18}F$ was first option to be considered for labeling of nanoparticle. For the labeling of $^{18}F$ with nanoparticle, Prosthetic group is widely used. Iodine, another radioactive halogen, is often used. Since radioiodine isotopes are various, they can be used for different imaging technique or therapy in the same labeling procedures. $^{99m}Tc$ can easily be obtained as pertechnatate ($^{99m}{TcO_4}^-$) by commercial generator. Ionic $^{68}Ga$ (III) in dilute HCl solution is also obtained by generator system, but $^{68}Ga$ can be substituted for $^{67}Ga$ because of the short half-life (67.8 min). $^{64}Cu$ emits not only positron but also ${\beta}-particle$. Therefore $^{64}Cu$ can be used for imaging and therapy at the same time. These radioactive metals can be labeled with nanoparticle using the bifunctional chelator. $^{89}Zr$ has longer half-life (78.4 h) and is used for the longer imaging time. Unlike different metals, $^{89}Zr$ should use the other chelate such as DFO, 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) or DFOB.