• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.387-392
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• 1994

Recently, as the problems according to lack of skilled labour and superior construction materials were gathering strength, there were required the advent of a special materials in building construction division. As a view of the point, the cement-based Self leveling mortar was developed for improvements of the former problems. The Self leveling mortar has the all kinds of the properties as followed the premixed products in plant, self-smoofhing, non shrinkgae etc, accordingly the finishing of concrete floor don't need skilled labour. The purpose of this study is to establish the introduction of a finishing construction method for concrete floor and slab using the cement-based self leveling mortar. Presented is a study on the basic properties of fresh and hardened self leveling mortar. To this end, an actual floor's finishing construction using the cement-based self leveling mortar was conducted in approximately 1,800㎡ floor as to compare the flatness and levelness after finighing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4595-4600
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• 2014

A geoid has great meaning as a vertical reference plane, and at this point when GPS measurement is vitalized, it is an important factor that makes level measurements with GPS possible. This study carried out GPS and leveling of newly created complex control points targeting Daejeon. The geoid for the precise area was built by calculating the plane location, elevation and the geoid of each reference point using GPS/Leveling. In addition, this study evaluated the potential of GPS leveling throughout the site calibration. The geoid for the precise area intervals of approximately 1.5km throughout the study was determined. The results highlight the possibility of leveling by estimating direct leveling performance and mean altitude deviation by less than 2cm. Based on the results, if a geoid model for the precise and wide area can be developed throughout ongoing research, survey tasks that require elevation can be streamlined and the efficiency maximized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

It can be classified in various methods to get the geoidal heights. It can be achieved geometric geoidal heights if we do GPS surveying in leveling point. The aims of this paper are calculation of geometric geoidal heights using GPS/leveling data in study area and evaluation of the global and local geoid models in and around Korean peninsula. For this study, study area was selected in the leveling line from Kunsan to Chonju city and GPS surveying was accomplished in the leveling line. And, also spherical harmonic analysis was made on the three global geopotential models, OSU91A, EGM96, EGM96m under same condition. Then the differences were calculated between geometric geoidal heights and geoidal heights of 3 geopotential models, KOGD2002 which was Korean gravimetric geoid model. The results shows that EGM96m is the best model because the differences between geoidal heights of E6M96m and geometric geoidal heights of GPS/Leveling data appear the smallest value among them.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.555-563
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• 2016

Uniformity and leveled distributions of soil chemicals across paddy fields are critical to manage optimal crop yields, reduce environmental risks and efficiently use water in rice cultivation. In this study, an investigation of spatial distributions on soil chemical properties was conducted to evaluate the effect of land leveling on mitigation of soil chemical property heterogeneity from a remodeled paddy field. The spatial variabilities of chemical properties were analyzed by geostatistical analyses; semivariograms and kriged simulations. The soil samples were taken from a 1 ha paddy field before and after land leveling with sufficient water. The study site was located at Bon-ri site of Dalseong and river sediments were dredged from Nakdong river basins. The sediments were buried into the paddy field after 50 cm of top soils at the paddy field were removed. The top soils were recovered after the sediments were piled up. In order to obtain the most accurate spatial field information, the soil samples were taken at every 5 m by 5 m grid point and total number of samples was 100 before and after land leveling with sufficient water. Soil pH increased from 6.59 to 6.85. Geostatistical analyses showed that chemical distributions had a high spatial dependence within a paddy field. The parameters of semivariogram analysis showed similar trends across the properties except pH comparing results from before and after land leveling. These properties had smaller "sill" values and greater "range" values after land leveling than ones from before land leveling. These results can be interpreted as land leveling induced more homogeneous distributions of soil chemical properties. The homogeneous distributions were confirmed by kriged simulations and distribution maps. As a conclusion, land leveling with sufficient water may induce better managements of fertilizer and water use in rice cultivation at disturbed paddy fields.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Magnetic disks have been used for decades in auxiliary storage devices of computer systems. In recent years, the use of NAND flash memory, which is called SSD, is increased as auxiliary storage devices. However, NAND flash memory, unlike traditional magnetic disks, necessarily performs the erase operation before the write operation in order to overwrite data and this leads to degrade the system lifetime and performance of overall NAND flash memory system. Moreover, NAND flash memory has the lower endurance, compared to traditional magnetic disks. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes EPET (Enhanced Prediction and Elapsed Time) wear leveling technique, which is especially efficient to portable devices. EPET wear leveling uses the advantage of PET (Prediction of Elapsed Time) wear leveling and solves long-term system failure time problem. Moreover, EPET wear leveling further improves space efficiency. In our experiments, EPET wear leveling prolonged the first bad time up to 328.9% and prolonged the system lifetime up to 305.9%, compared to other techniques.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.58-66
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• 2001

Recently, polymer-modified mortar has been studied for proposed use on industrial floors as top coat with thin thickness, typically 5~15mm. The purpose of this study is to evaluate basic properties of self-leveling materials using polymer dispersions as kinds of SBR, PAE, St/BA with thin coat (under 3mm). Superplasticizer and thickener have been included in the mixes to reduce bleeding and drying shrinkage as well as to facilitate the workability required. The self-leveling materials using four types of polymer dispersion are prepared with polymer-cement ratio which respectively range from 50% and 75%, and tested for basic characteristics such as unit weight, air content, flow, consistency change and adhesion in tension. From the test results, the self-leveling materials using PAE emulsion at curing age of 28days are almost equal to those of conventional floor using urethane and epoxy resin. The adhesion in tension of self-leveling mortars using SBR latex and PAE emulsion at curing age of 3days is over 17 kgf/cm$^2$(1.67MPa). Consistency change is strongly dependent on the type of polymer dispersion. It is concluded that the self-leveling materials using polymer dispersions can be used in the same manner as conventional floor using thermosetting resin in practical applications, in the selection of polymer dispersions.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2002

In this study, the leveling control system for a tractor has been developed. The experimental model showed that the implementation of the proposed hydraulic control system fur the prototype design of a slope land tractor was feasible. The front axle was designed as a center pin type and the rear axle was designed as a trailing arm type. The leveling control of the body on the slope land was accomplished by controlling the height of the right and left trailing arms using the electronic controlled hydraulic cylinder. The maximum leveling control angles were ${\pm}$15$^{\circ}$ for roll angle and 7$^{\circ}$far pitch angle. The front and rear wheel drives were transmitted by gears from the main shaft to the final drive. The adaptability of the hydraulic control system was tested and investigated by analyzing the system response in time and frequency domain. The hydraulic control system on a step input showed a linearly increasing trend without any overshoot state. The hydraulic control system on a frequency input showed a little phase differences and gain drops within the range of 0.3Hz.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.9
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• pp.261-261
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• 1999

We observed leveling-off of the resistance in granular In/InO$_x$ thin films in the zero-temperature limit. The temperature T$_b$ at which the leveling-off appears gets larger as the sheet resistance R$_n$ increases. This is consistent with the concept that the leveling-off of the resistance is due to the dissipation of the bosonic phase and that the dissipation is enhanced as the resistance increases. The magnetic field dependence of the saturated resistance R$_b$ at low temperatures fits the modified square-root cusp-like form R$_b$/R$_n$=α exp[-b(B/B$_c$-1)$^{-1/2}$] for the magnetic field in the range B$_c$$_f$ where B$_c$ is the onset magnetic field of the resistance leveling-off. α and b are constants of order 1. For B>B$_f$ tansport properties are described by the theory of the fermi insulator. From the results, we attribute the leveling-off to the dissipative quantum tunneling of vortices, which supports the models predicting the vortex-motion-induced insulating phase related with the concept like"dirty boson" [1]l and "hose metal" [2].

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.85-92
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• 2020

Applications for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) have expanded enormously in recent years. Of all its various technologies, the UAV's ability to take off and land in a moving environment is particularly required for military or oceanic usage. In this study, we develop a novel leveling platform that allows the UAV to stably take off and land even on uneven terrains or in moving environments. The leveling platform is composed of an upper pad and a lower mobile base. The upper pad, from which the UAV can take off or land, is designed in the form of a 2 degrees of freedom (DOF) gimbal mechanism that generates the leveling function. The lower mobile base has a four-wheel drive structure that can be operated remotely. We evaluate the developed leveling platform by performing extensive experiments on both the horizontal terrain and the 5-degree ramped terrain, and confirm that the leveling platform successfully maintains the horizontal pose on both terrains. This allows the UAV to stably take off and land in moving environments.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Flash memory has advantages in that it is fast access speed, low-power, and low-price. Therefore, they are widely used in electronics industry sectors. However, the flash memory has weak points, which are the limited number of erase operations and non-in-place update problem. To overcome the limited number of erase operations, many wear leveling techniques are studied. They use many tables storing information such as erase count of blocks, hot and cold block indicators, reference count of pages, and so on. These tables occupy some space of main memory for the wear leveling techniques. Accordingly, they are not appropriate for low-power devices limited main memory. In order to resolve it, a wear leveling technique using bit array and Bit Set Threshold (BST) for flash memory. The proposing technique reduces the used space of main memory using a bit array table, which saves the history of block erase operations. To enhance accuracy of cold block information, we use BST, which is calculated by using the number of invalid pages of the blocks in a one-to-many mode, where one bit is related to many blocks. The performance results illustrate that the proposed wear leveling technique improve life time of flash memory to about 6%, compared with previous wear leveling techniques using a bit array table in our experiment.