• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of music therapy on the levels of anxiety and discomfort in patients undergoing gastrofibroscopy. Method: This study was equivalent control group pre-post test design. The subjects were 61 patients who visited H hospital internal medicine department for gastrofibroscopy ; 31 were randomly selected for the control group and the remaining 30, for the experimental group. Result: 1. The experimental group who used music therapy showed a significantly lower level of anxiety during gastrofibroscopy than the control group. 2. The experimental group revealed a lesser change in pulse rate between pre and post gastrofibroscopy than the control group. 3. There was a significant difference in the levels of subjective and objective discomfort during gastrofibroscopy between the two groups. Conclusion: The results suggested that music therapy may help relieve anxiety and discomfort for patients undergoing gastrofibroscopy. These results showed that the use of music aided in the reduction of anxiety and discomfort during the unpleasant diagnostic procedure and, testing the effectiveness of music therapy deserves further study in other hospital settings.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 2011

To get the evidences for decreasing the discomfort, dissatisfaction, and for improving management of the implant prothesis through assessment implant patients' awareness and discomforts about care of the prostheses. The subjects were 300 implant patients who treated in the 20 dental clinics in Pusan, Ulsan and Daegu. The general characteristics, recognition, maintenance, discomfort and dissatisfaction, and oral hygiene status were collected. Level of the discomfort and dissatisfaction was measured by a 5 Likert scale, and analyzed by the equivalent of 100. The life-span of the implants was overestimated, however, periodic recall check and scaling were underwent. The level of discomfort and dissatisfaction was generally good, but many of them (65.3%) complained the food impaction. As a result of the multiple regression analysis, level of the discomfort and dissatisfaction increased in case of more number of the prosthesis ($\beta$=0.864), however decreased in case of more frequent teeth brushing ($\beta$=0.737), more frequent periodic check ($\beta$=-0.737), longer duration from the implantation ($\beta$=-0.090). It is very important for the implant patients to be recognized that the lack of care may shorten the life-span of the implant prosthesis. Therefore, efforts of the continuous oral hygiene care such as, periodic recall check, scaling, teeth brushing, the correct using of additional oral hygiene product, and education would be more emphasized.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1069-1078
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine health promotion level and related of patients hospitalized. The participants for this study 225 of oriental medicine hospital inpatients. Health promotion, sleep, anxiety and discomfort are measured structured questionnaires each. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression. The general health promotion score is 98.12, mortality health promotion 20.31, mental health promotion 12.89, dietary health promotion 15.28, activity and rest health promotion 12.84, exercise health promotion 7.23, sleepy health promotion 15.42, seasonal health promotion 7.60 and sexual health promotion 9.31. There were significant differences in health promotion level according to spouse (p=0.003), sleep (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001) and discomfort (p<0.001). The significant predictors of health promotion were spouse (p<0.001), religious (p<0.001), drinking (p=0.036), sleep (p<0.001) and discomfort (p<0.001), explaining 33.7% of the variance in health promotion. Health promotion influenced not only the physical condition but also the psychological condition. The result suggest the health promotion level and predictors of health promotion is a useful index for improvement of health and prevention of disease in oriental medicine.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.24-33
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the differences in exudate and bleeding incidence and the changes in back pain and discomfort based on the weight of a sand bag applied to the femoral puncture site after hepatic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Methods: This quasi-experimental study comprised 82 patients randomly divided into three different groups. Experimental group 1 patients had a 600g sandbag, experimental group 2 patients an 800g sandbag, and control group patients a 1900g sandbag, on femoral access sites post procedure. The three groups of patients were assessed on level of exudate and bleeding and asked about back pain and discomfort at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes after the procedure. Results: There were no significant differences in exudate and bleeding between the three groups before and after application of the sandbag post procedure. Both back pain and discomfort were significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control group. Conclusion: There was no significant effect on bleeding and exudation due to the weight of the sandbag. The lowest level of back pain and discomfort was found in the group with the lightest weight (600 g). Therefore, the use of lighter-weight sandbags to prevent post procedure vascular complications is proposed.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of absolute bed rest(ABR) on occurrence of bleeding, discomfort and back pain after kidney biopsy. Method: This study was the nonequivalent control group posttest design. The experimental group was allowed to stay in beds for 18 hour-bed rest(BR) after 6 hour-ABR while the control group was allowed to stay ABR for 24 hours. Results: No bleeding sign was showed for all the patients. Discomfort of voiding, eating, ABR in the control group appeared at a higher level. Three subjects in the control group needed nelaton catheterization, whereas no catheterization was required in the experimental group. There was no significant difference in back pain. However, the control group used more pain killer with significant difference. From these results. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between ABR time and bleeding. On the other hand, the discomfort of the experimental group appeared at a lower level by reducing ABR time. Therefore, Reduction of ABR time after kidney biopsy would be more efficient way for patients.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of educational video program delivered using Tablet PC on physical discomfort, uncertainty, state anxiety, and nursing education satisfaction among early gastric cancer patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection. Methods: The study design was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 60 patients who were hospitalized to undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection. The experimental group watched educational video using Tablet PC (n=30) and the control group received only the usual education (n=30). The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test to examine study hypothesis. Results: The level of physical discomfort (t=3.05, p=.003) and nursing education satisfaction (t=-2.20, p=.032) in the experimental group were significantly different from that of the control group. However, the level of uncertainty (t=-0.82, p=.418) and state anxiety (t=-1.69, p=.097) in the experimental group were not different from that of the control group. Conclusion: The study findings confirm that the educational video program delivered using Tablet PC as an effective intervention alleviating physical discomfort and improving satisfaction regarding nursing education among early gastric cancer patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection. Based on the findings, we believe that the educational video program can be helpful in decreaseing physical discomfort, and it also can be utilized to improve nursing education satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.172-181
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate the degree of the anxiety and discomfort experienced by first-time donors in platelet donation. The subject of this study was 309 first-time platelet donors visiting apheresis unit of St. Mary hospital in Seoul. The data was collected from Questionnaire during period of 28 April to 10 September 1999. The statistical methods used were t-test. ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows. 1. The most common group were 21-30 years of age and soldier of job. 2. The mean scores of the platelet donor's anxiety was $1.60\pm0.32$. 3. The mean scores of platelet donor's discomfort was $1.72\pm0.44$. 4. The variables influencing anxiety were the physical condition. the level of education and donation experience. 5. The variables influencing discomfort were the job. diet before donation and physical condition. As the result above. the student group of the first time platelet donor experienced highest anxiety. It is important to assess the physical condition and diet before donation for more comfortable platelet donation. Furthermore. the developments of nursing interventions are required to reduce anxiety and discomfort of platelet donors.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.157-171
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• 2001

The study was designed to provide the fundamental information for understanding discomfort of bone marrow donors and for promoting an individual comfort by comparing the difference on discomfort between unrelated donors and related donors. The subject of the study was fifty related donors and thirty unrelated donors who was in the C University Hospital. This survey had been carried out and collected from October, 1998 to March, 1999. The scale of discomfort of donors associated with bone marrow donation were assessed by the questionnaire deviced by Kim Sang Dol and amended by the researcher. Data was analyzed by $x^2-test$, t-test, two-way ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results were as follows. 1. Considering the general characteristics of bone marrow donors according to gender, male was consisted of $60\%$ and female was consisted of $40\%$. Of those related donors are consisted for $62.5\%$ and accounted for $37.5\%$ of those unrelated donors. Considering the classification to the job, employee of company were major donors which was $35\%$, and next order was student, individual businessman, and housewife. Considering the education level. college students were $48.7\%$ and students who have less than high school level were $42.5\%$. 2. According to the above the results regarding discomfort of bone marrow donation, it is especially shown that the major cause for discomfort of bone marrow donors is on physical factor. The concrete examples for physical factor are pain in the region of bone marrow harvest and pain in the injection part by fluid therapy and blood-sampling, an immovability of the body after bone marrow harvest, and difficulties on walking. Considering physiological factor, there are an uneasiness about leading to injure their health, vague fear about the hospital. and a tedium at hospital. Environmental factors for discomfort of bone marrow donors are insufficient explanation for needle gauge and procedure of bone marrow donation and difficulty on following medical schedule. Therefore. it is necessary to establish more effective and systematically organized program for nursing intervention based on the research results. An effective program is only useful in getting rid of discomfort of bone marrow donors.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze the relevance between oral health practices and oral discomforts of the elderly in an urban-rural area by surveying the elderly in welfare centers for the Elderly-continued oral health care program. The result shows that the elderly brush their teeth under regular oral care, and practice oral health life by scaling for the prevention of periodontal disease. Most of the elderly who drink alcohol have experienced implant care and tend to quit drinking after the treatment, and seemed to get their oral discomfort relieved. However, no relevance is found between implant experiences and social discomfort. Furthermore, the elderly who had bad breath expressed pronunciation, taste, pain and chewing discomfort, and social discomfort (P>.05). The educational level of the elderly did not have an impact on oral discomfort, but smoking, chewing and bad breath discomfort seemed to be related to social discomfort(P>.05). Therefore, since oral discomfort of the elderly causes social discomfort which decreases their quality of living, we recommend oral health departments of local governments to help the elderly maintain happy lives by continuing to study the practical use of reducing oral discomfort.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of position change from supine to Fowler's on back pain and discomfort in patients who remained on bed rest after undergoing PCIs with a vascular closure device. Methods: Data was collected from 35 inpatients who were hospitalized in coronary-care unit to perform PCIs with a vascular closure device at S hospital in Seoul from December, 2006 to May, 2007. Back pain, discomfort, presence and grade of bleeding and hematoma from femoral arterial puncture site and blood pressure/pulse rate were measured prior to, 10 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after position change. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ tests and t-tests using SPSS/WIN 12.0 for Windows program. The level of significance (${\alpha}$) was set at 0.05 for this study. Results: We found that there was no significant difference in back pain and discomfort in 10 minutes after position change between the two groups. However, the experimental group reported significantly less back pain and discomfort than the control group in 1 hour (p<.01, respectively) and 2 hour (p<.01, respectively) after position change. There was no significant difference in the presence and grade of bleeding and hematoma at the puncture site, blood pressure, and pulse rate in 10 minutes, 1hour and 2hours after position change between the two groups. Conclusion: Fowler's position change after PCIs in, therefore, safe and effective method of reducing back pain and physical discomfort without causing additional bleeding and changes in blood pressure and pulse rate.