• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding dried leftover food (DLF) on growth, body composition and feed conversion of broiler chicks. One hundred ninety-six of one-day old Ross broiler chicks were assigned to 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had four replications with seven chicks per replication. The treatments groups included control without DLF, dietary 10% level of DLF, dietary 20% level of DLF and dietary 30% level of DLF, 5% higher protein level of diet containing 10% DLF, 10% higher protein level of diet containing 20% DLF and 15% higher protein level of diet containing 30% DLF than control diet. Body weight gain was slightly higher in control group than that of DLF-fed groups. However, there were no significant differences in body weight gain among those groups fed diets containing different levels of DLF. In general, increasing dietary level of DLF resulted in decreasing feed conversion. Content of crude protein in whole broiler body was slightly higher in control group although any significant difference was not found among treatments (p>0.05). Content of crude fat in whole broiler body was lowest in groups fed diets containing 30% DLF with 15% higher protein level than control diet, showing significant difference from groups fed diets containing 20% DLF (p<0.05). Contents of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesterol ester and LDL- cholesterol in blood of broilers fed DLF-containing diets generally appeared to be higher compared with control group without significant difference (p>0.05). Fatty acid contents in broiler meat were higher in the order of oleic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid without significant differences among treatments. Content of DHA in broiler meat was higher in groups fed diets containing DLF than that of control group although there were no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05).

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.31-48
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• 2002

This paper is aimed to analyze how to evaluate the choice of optimal management measures and level of control in fisheries management under the costly and imperfect management system by comparing with costless and perfect management system that is commonly assumed in the analysis of fisheries regulations. Fishermen would set the level of fishing efforts at the point where the marginal fishing profit for fishing effort is equal to the marginal level of fine under costly and imperfect management system. Therefore, under the case where the marginal fishing profit is higher than the marginal level of fine, the level of fishing efforts would be made at the point which is higher than the level of fishing efforts made under costless and perfect management system and is not a point where the economic profit is maximized in regulated fisheries. From this conclusion, the fishermens avoidance activities against regulations as well as the level of control in fisheries management substantially have an influence on the choice of fisheries management instruments. According to the analysis of optimal fisheries management policy, the economic profits in regulated fisheries are determined by the level of fisheries enforcement costs and total fishing profits, in which as enforcement costs increase the economic profits decrease. In addition, the economic profits vary in response to the level of control in avoidance activities. That is, as avoidance costs decrease, the economic profits increase. The determination of optimal level of control in fisheries management should be made at the point where the marginal regulation costs are equal to the marginal profits from regulated fisheries, in which marginal regulation costs are different according to the type of management measures. And the level of profits changes in response to different levels of avoidance activities. The management measure that can maximize the difference between the marginal regulation costs and marginal profits from regulated fisheries should be chosen as an optimal fisheries management instrument.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2000

A hybrid control structure for vision-based soccer robot system is considered. The structure is om-posed of four levels such as the role action behavior and execution levels. The control structure which is a combination of hierarchical and behavioral structures can efficiently meet the behavior and design specifications of a soccer robot system Among the four levels only the design of the action level is proposed in the paper and is experimentally evaluated. Design hypothesis and evaluation method are presented to improve the reliability and accomplishment of the robot system. Due to the essential element of soccer robot system design a systematic design procedure of the action level is proposed With the proposed structure and algorithm of the action level the excellent result was shown at the MiroSot'98 held in France.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 1996

An adaptive predictive level control of waste heat steam boiler was studied by using mathematical models considering the inverse response. The simulation experiments of the model identification were performed by using linear and bilinear models. From the results of simulations it was found that the bilinear model represented the actual dynamic behavior of steam boiler very well. ARMA model was used in the model identification and the adaptive predictive controller. To verify the performance and effectiveness of the adaptive predictive controller used in this study the simulation results of the adaptive predictive level control for waste heat steam boiler based on bilinear model were compared to those of P, PI and PID controller. The results of simulations showed that the adaptive predictive controller provides the fast arrival to setpoint of liquid level.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07d
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• pp.2605-2607
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• 2000

This paper represents the construction of a PLC simulator for the level control of water and the speed control of the water cask. The level and speed processes are automatically operated by the PLC. The simulator system consists of PLC, program loader and control penal. The digital input and output units make the valves of the water cask the On or Off state. The analog input and output units control the level of water and the speed of the water cask. A LD program is used in the control language of PLC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.367-373
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• 1996

H$_{\infty}$ robust control theory is applied to the nuclear steam generator level control. Nuclear steam generator has the properties such as nonlinearity, non-minimum phase, and so, has some difficulties on level control. In a nuclear plant, it is more important to keep the operating variables under certain safety limits against various uncertainties than to meet the optimal performance. The designed H$_{\infty}$ controller shows robust level control against modelling error, disturbance in the nonlinear simulation. As the H$_{\infty}$ controller has both robustness and design transparency, it is adequate to the automation of level control and in licensibility

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.926-934
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• 2006

This paper proposes intelligent control of a virtual walking machine that can generate infinite floor for various surfaces and can provide proprioceptive feedback of walking to a user. This machine allows users to participate in a life-like walking experience in virtual environments with various terrains. The controller of the machine is implemented hierarchically, at low-level for robust actuator control, at mid-level fur platform control to compensate the external forces by foot contact, and at high-level control for generating walking trajectory. The high level controller is suggested to generate continuous walking on an infinite floor for various terrains. For the high level control, each independent platform follows a man foot during the swing phase, while the other platform moves back during single stance phase. During double limb support, two platforms manipulate neutral positions to compensate the offset errors generated by velocity changes. This control can, therefore, satisfy natural walking conditions in any direction. Transition phase between the swing and the stance phases is detected by using simple switch sensor system, while human foot motions are sensed by careful calibration with a magnetic motion tracker attached to the shoe. Experimental results of walking simulations at level ground, slope, and stairs, show that with the proposed machine, a general person can walk naturally on various terrains with safety and without any considerable disturbances. This interface can be applied to various areas such as VR navigations, rehabilitation, and gait analysis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.675-683
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• 2003

This study investigated the effect of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation on lipid peroxidation and anti oxidative enzyme activity as indices of oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Fifty Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 7 weeks were used as experimental animals, which were divided into the non-diabetic control group and the diabetic group. The diabetic group received an intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Then the diabetic rats were divided into four dietary groups which contained different amounts of $\beta$-carotene; 0%, 0.002%, 0.02%, or 0.2% of the diet. The diabetic rats were fed the experimental diets and the non-diabetic rats were fed the basal diet without $\beta$-carotene supplementation for 2 weeks and then sacrificed. The diabetic group had a significantly higher blood glucose level than the non-diabetic group. However, blood glucose level were not significantly changed by the level of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation. Compared to the non-diabetic control group, the diabetic control group indicated a significant increase of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Liver TBARS level also tended to be higher in diabetic control group, although it was not significant. The $\beta$-carotene supplementation did not reduce plasma TBARS level. However, Liver TBARS level was significantly decreased when 0.02% or more $\beta$-carotene was supplemented in the diet. The liver lipofuscin level in the diabetic control group was higher than in the non-diabetic control group, but the effect of $\beta$-carotene supplementation did not show any differences. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in the diabetic group, but it was increased in groups receiving 0.02% or more $\beta$-carotene. Compared to the non-diabetic control group, lower activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were observed in the diabetic control group, although it was not significant. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities tended to increase as the levels of $\beta$-carotene supplementation increased, although it was not statistically significant. Therefore, it seems that dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation might reduce diabetic complications by partly decreasing the lipid peroxidation and increasing the activity of antioxidative enzyme in diabetes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2004

This study investigated the effect of allium vegetable intake on the storage and utilization of energy substrates before, during, and after exercise in tissues of rats. Ninety rats were fed either a control diet or a diet with added Allium sativum (AS, garlic), Allium cepa (AC, onion), Allium fistulosum (AF, spring onion), or Allium tuberosum (AT, Chinese chives) for 4 weeks and were then subdivided into 3 groups: before-exercise (BE); during-exercise (DE); after-exercise (AE). The DE group was exercised on treadmill for 1 hour just before being sacrificed at the end of 4th week of the dietary treatment rats in the AE group were allowed to recuperate for 2 hours after being exercised like the DE group. The levels of glycogen (GLY), triglyceride (TG) and protein (PRO) were compared in liver and skeletal muscle. In the AS diet animals, the level of liver GLY was significantly higher than those of control animals in the BE, DE and AE groups. The level of muscle TG also tended to be higher in BE, but lower in AE than in control animals. In AC animals, the level of muscle GLY was significantly lower than those of control animals in BE, DE and AE. The level of muscle TG also tended to be higher than those of control animals in BE and DE but tended to be lower in AE. In AF animals, the level of muscle GLY was significantly lower than those of control animals in BE, DE and AE. The level of muscle TG was also significantly lower than those of control animals in BE, DE and AE groups. In AT animals, the level of muscle GLY was significantly lower than those of control animals in BE, DE and AE. These results suggest that Allium sativum diets enhance the capacity to store fuel before as well as during exercise and increases the potential to utilize the stored fuel during exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1987

Because of its more complete hydrolysis and rapid absorption, MCT is expected its usefulness in the diets of patients with malabsorption syndrom. Also, several authors reported that serum cholesterol level was lower after MCT feedings. In this study, rate of each experimental group were fed for 4weeks with 20％ MCT, 20％ corn oil, mixed diet of 10％ MCT and 10％ corn oil, mixed diet of 17％ corn oil and 3％ shortening. After experimental diet, it was measured to growth rate and serum cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid level. The results were as follows; 1. The body weight gain was the lowest in MCT group and others were lower than control group. 2. Serum total cholesterol level was the lowest in corn oil group and others were significantly lower than control group. Free cholesterol level was lower in all experimental groups than control group too. 3. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher in all experimental groups than control group. 4. The ratio of VLDL, LDL-Cholesterol to HDL-Cholesterol was significantly lower in all experimental groups than control group. 5. Serum triglyceride level was higher in all experimental groups than control group. Serum phospholipid level was significantly in only mixed diet group of corn oil and shortening than control group. 6. The ratio of total cholesterol to phospholipid was significantly lower in corn oil diet group than control group.