• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.19 no.2 s.20
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• pp.177-183
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• 1986

Subjective symptoms, counts of blood cells and liver function test were conducted on 198 male workers who were exposed to toluene in Kyungin area from September to November, 1986. According to the level of urinary hippuric acid concentration, the total sample was classified into the high exposure group ($concentration{\geqq}3g/1$) and the low exposure group(concentration<3g/1). The following findings were obtained by comparing the two group: 1) Contrary to the previous findings. the urinary hippuric acid concentration of toluene exposed workers showed bimodal distribution. It meant that the toluene exposed workers were mixed with the non-exposed or minimal exposed workers. 2) The high exposure group showed a lower level of leucocytes counts ($6,630{\pm}1,860{\mu}l$) than the low exposure group ($6,340{\pm}1,960/{\mu}l$). 3) The high exposure group showed a higher level of SGOT, SGPT and r-GTP than the low exposure group (p<0.05). 4) The high exposure group complained much more subjective symptoms (e. g. skin rash, loss of appetite, palpitation) than the low exposure group.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

The immunostimulating effect of aloe on respiratory burst activity was investigated by measurements of the chemiluminescent responses (CL) of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) kidney phagocytes in vitro. The phagocytes incubated with 0.5 and $1{\mu}g/ml$ of aloe for 24 hours showed significantly increased respiratory burst activities compared to control. The result of this study suggests that aloe can be used as an immunostimulant for olive flounder culture.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 2008

Goldfish, Carassius auratus (wt 13 g) was intramuscularly infected with Aeromonas hydrophila (4.3x106 cfu / ml). Infected gills showed edematous lamellae with bacterial invasion into the capillaries and gill congestion on 12th day. By 24th day post-infection, histological analysis revealed irregular aggregates of macrophages in gill lamellae, large amount of mucus cells, gill lamellae edematous with bacterial invasion into capillaries, gill congestion and damaged gill epithelium with hyperplasia. Inflammation of the gill filament and hemorrhage globe was associated with the development of severe necrosis on the 36th day in the infected fishes. In infected and herbal treated fish the regenerative responses like fibrosis and infiltration of the leucocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) occurred on 12th day; moderate hypertrophy in the gills was noticed on the 36th day. These results suggest that phytotherapy ensures better protection and regenerative response against A. hydrophila infection in goldfish, C. auratus.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.34-37
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• 2020

A 1-year-old castrated male Shih-Tzu dog presented with severe orbital swelling involving the right eye. Physical examination identified a painless swelling of the right periocular tissues and protrusion of the third eyelid. Radiographic examination revealed a well-delineated, spherical (3 × 3 cm) soft tissue mass. Ultrasonography confirmed a hypoechoic, multilobular, tubular cystic structure with hyperechoic foci. Fine needle aspiration was conducted and the cytologic impression revealed copious mucus, increased neutrophilic leucocytes, and foamy macrophages. Th tentative diagnosis was zygomatic sialocele, and the lesion was resected through lateral orbitotomy. Surgical exploration identified a multilobular mass adhering to the zygomatic glands. Both the zygomatic gland and the mass were removed. Histological findings were consistent with those of an inflamed myxoma. No postoperative recurrence occurred within 1 year.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1972

Hemogram and serum composition of pregnant rabbits were studied and the results obtained were as follows: 1. Erythrocyte, hemoglobin concentration and hemotocrit value of pregnant rabbits decreased at the late stage of gestation, and 1 week after delivery the values were recovered to the normal levels. Number of erythrocyte and hematocrit value were not found to be significant, but hemoglobin concentration showed significant differences at the third and fourth week of pregnancy. 2. Total leucocytes of pregnant rabbits increased continuously as gestation progresses and 1 week postpartum the values were returned to normal. Highly significant changes were observed in the third and the fourth week of pregnancy. Neutrophil was revealed highly significant rise at the third and the fourth week of gestation and 1 week postpartum, but lympocyte was decreased highly significantlly. 3. Serum calcium of pregnant rabbits revealed the tendency of decrease as gestation progresses and 1 week after delivery the value was returned to normal, and highly significant decrease was abserved at the fourth week. Serum inorganic phosphorus of pregnant rabbits showed highly significant decrease at the fourth week of gestation, but no differences were observed at the other period of gestation and 1 week postpartum. 4. Serum protein of pregnants rabbits showed the tendency of decrease continuously pregnancy progresses, and 1 week after delivery showed the normal values. Highly significant decrease was found at the fourth week of gestation. the levels of serum lipids in pregnant rabbits was unchanged untill the third week of pregnancy, but at the fourth week and 1 week postpartum, the rise was highly significant. The level of total serum cholesterol in pregnants rabbis was shown the tendency of decrease untill the end of the second week of gestation and significantly dropped at the third week, thereafter, the value was rose significantly at the fourth week of gestation and 1 week postpartum.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2014

Objectives: We established a Wistar rat model of asthma caused by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure, and investigated the relationship between TDI exposure concentrations and respiratory hypersensitivity, airway inflammation, and cytokine secretions in animals, to better understand the mechanism of TDI induced occupational asthma. Methods: Wistar rats were exposed to two different concentrations of TDI vapor four hours a day for five consecutive days. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and differential leucocytes from the BAL fluid were analyzed. Lung histopathological examination was carried out to investigate the inflammatory status in the airways. Production of cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 productions in the BAL fluid in vivo was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: The TDI-exposed rats exhibited greater airway hypersensitivity symptoms than the control rats. The BAL differential cell count and lung histopathological examination demonstrated that inflammation reactions were present in both the central and peripheral airways, characterized with marked infiltration of eosinophils in the TDI-exposed rats. The cytokine assay showed that IL-4 and IL-5 were predominantly produced in the BAL fluid in vivo. Conclusions: These findings imply that TDI exposure concentrations may greatly affect the occurrence and extent of inflammatory events and that Th2 type cytokines may play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of TDI-induced occupational respiratory hypersensitivity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.951-955
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• 2001

The behaviour of 6 Toggenburg and 6 Saanen female goats, grazing on natural vegatation in a modified sub-humid tropical environment of Kenya, was studied during the dry (January and February) and wet (April and May) seasons in 1997. The two exotic breeds grazed for 12 h daily. Observation on feeding, standing, lying and ruminating was done chronometrically at five minute intervals between 0600 and 1800 h. These grazing times were based on the current practice of small holder farmers. During the dry period, the average feeding, standing, lying and ruminating time per 12 h period for Saanens was 5.63, 4.57, 1.80 and 1.50 h respectively while that for Toggenburgs was 7.26, 3.21, 1.53 and 1.96 h, respectively. In the wet(Green) season, the mean feeding, standing, lying and ruminating time for Saanens was found to be 5.08, 4.63, 2.29 and 0.72, respectively.Toggenburgs spent more time feeding (p<0.05) than Saanens in both seasons. It was also observed that standing occured more often in Saanens than the Toggenburgs in the dry season. During the wet period, Saanens ruminated significantly longer than the Toggenburgs. The health status of the animals was determined by analyzing the respiratory frequency, heart rate, rectal temperature, hemoglobin, erythrocytes and leucocytes of the experimental animals. All the clinical and physiological parameters were within the normal physiological range of healthy goats. It was concluded that differences in the grazing behaviour of Saanens and Toggenburgs in the modified tropical environment of Kenya, do exist.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.227-235
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• 1993

The effectiveness of sodium carboxymethylcellulose(SCMC) and dextran 70 in the prevention of adhesion formation in abdominal cavity of rabbits following artificial injuries was elucidated and the effects -of these medicines on blood pictures were also examined. After abrasion treatment on jejunum in gonadotropins primed rabbits, 1, 2 and 3% of SCMC solutions, 6 and 10% dextran 70 solutions and a synthetic solution of 1% SCMC and loft dextran 70 in 0.9% saline solution were infused into the abdominal cavity. Four weeks later the abdominal cavities were reopened under general anesthesia. The synthetic solution showed the highest adhesion reduction rate(100%), while 1% SCMC, 6 and loft dextran solutions showed no significantly evident effect of adhesion prevention. The SCMC solutions showed better adhesion reduction effect than dextran 70 solutions. After infusion of these adhesion preventive medicines, the changes of total leucocytes, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, PCV, plasma fibrinogen and protein contents were examined. No remarkable difference in blood pictures was shown between the synthetic solution and the other medicines. Therefore, it can be suggested that the synthetic solution of 1% SCMC and 10% dextran 70 in 0.9% saline solution at dose of 5$m\ell$/kg of body weight is prominently effective in the prevention of postoperative adhesion formation and wolf be safe in animals and human.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1680-1685
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• 2015

Since ancient days, domestic horses have been closely associated with human civilization. Today, horse racing is an important industry. Various genes involved in energy production and muscle contraction are differentially regulated during a race. Among them, creatine kinase (CK) is well known for its regulation of energy preservation in animal cells. CK is an iso-enzyme, encoded by different genes and expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, brain and leucocytes. We confirmed that the expression of CK-M significantly increased in the blood after a 30 minute exercise period, while no considerable change was observed in skeletal muscle. Analysis of various tissues showed an ubiquitous expression of the CK-M gene in the horse; CK-M mRNA expression was predominant in the skeletal muscle and the cardiac muscle compared to other tissues. An evolutionary study by synonymous and non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism ratio of CK-M gene revealed a positive selection that was conserved in the horse. More studies are warranted in order to develop the expression of CK-M gene as a biomarker in blood of thoroughbred horses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1001-1006
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• 2011

To determine the efficiency of copper (Cu) supplementation, a feeding experiment was carried out with 240 day old broiler chicks (vencobb-100). Birds were divided into four dietary treatments: i) C - no additives, ii) $T_1$-75 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet, iii) $T_2$-150 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet, iv) $T_3$-250 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet. The present study was carried out in the Department of Animal Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India for a period of 42 days (6 weeks). Growth performance was measured in terms of live weight gain, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio at the end of $21^{st}$ and $42^{nd}$ day of the experiment and the result was found to be encouraging for commercial enterprises when the chickens were fed at 150 mg Cu/kg ($T_2$) of their diet. Excess dietary copper more than 150 mg/kg reduced the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood and resulted in the accumulation of copper in the liver with decreased blood Hb concentration and packed cell volumes (PCV). Copper supplementation increased the total erythrocyte count (TEC) as copper is involved in erythropoiesis. But, from the result it is indicated that the dietary copper concentration could not alter the total leukocyte count (TLC). In case of different leucocytes count (DLC), there were no significant differences observed among the different treated groups. Statistical analysis showed significant (p<0.01) difference in plasma concentration of copper, zinc, ferrous and cholesterol among the different copper treated groups. The result indicates that supplementation of copper is an effective way of improving the production performance and haematological parameters in broiler chicken.