• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the changes in concentrations of leptin and insulin in serum of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) with reproductive disorders and to examine the relationship among leptin, insulin, and body condition score (BCS). The concentration of leptin in serum of pregnant Hanwoo showed insignificant difference from that in serum of Hanwoo with reproductive disorder, such as repeat breeding, follicular cyst, corpus luteum cyst, ovarian atrophy, and feeble estrus (p>0.05). However, the concentrations of leptin and insulin in serum were changed with different BCS value. In emaciated Hanwoo (BCS $2.0\sim2.9$), they were significantly decreased compared to BCS $3.0\sim3.4$ (p<0.05). The leptin showed different genotypes with different BCS value. In BCS $2.0\sim2.9$, C/T genotype was expressed (83.3%) more than C/C (16.7%) or T/T (0%) genotype, whereas C/C genotype was expressed (62.5%) more than C/T (25.0%) or T/T (12.5%) genotype in BCS $3.5\sim4.0$. The insulin concentration in follicular fluid obtained from ovary with follicular cyst which has follicles having diameter of $25\sim40 mm$ was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in normal follicle fluid which has follicles having diameter of $3\sim10 mm$. These results showed that concentration of leptin and insulin in serum were related to BCS value and follicular size and suggest that the changes in concentration of leptin and/or insulin in serum could be a potent biomarker for diagnosis of bovine reproductive disorder.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2005

We examined the effect of leptin on the insulin resistance in skeletal muscles by measuring the glucose transport. Male Wistar rats were fed with chow or high-fat diets for 30 days. Three days before sacrifice, high-fat fed rats were subcutaneously injected with leptin (1 mg/kg body weight) for 3 days. The glucose transports in the epitrochlearis and soleus muscle were not different among the experimental groups under basal state, however these were decreased significantly in the high fat-diet rats under insulin-stimulation (p＜0.01). Leptin treatment recovered the decreased glucose transport in the epitrochlearis (p＜0.05) and soleus (p=0.08). Triglyceride concentration in the soleus muscle was increased significantly in the high fat-fed rats, compared to chow diet rats (p＜0.01), and it was decreased significantly by leptin treatment (p＜0.01). The glucose transport was measured under basal and $60{\mu}u/ml$ of insulin with or without 50 ng/ml of leptin. Leptin had no direct stimulatory effect on glucose transport under both basal and insulin-stimulated conditions in vitro. These results demonstrate that leptin injection to high fat diet fed rats recovered impaired insulin responsiveness of the skeletal muscles and muscle triglyceride concentration. However, there was no direct stimulatory effect of leptin on insulin sensitivity of the skeletal muscle in vitro.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.250-255
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among plasma leptin, lipid profiles, insulin levels, and percentage of body fat of 72 schoolchildren from Obese Clinic Center in Seoul. The subjects divided into two groups: 39 obesity children [obesity index greater than $20\%$] who did not have a discernable medical cause of their obesity and 33 children with a obesity index less than $20\%$. The mean age, height, and obesity index of the subjects were 10.4 years, 144.0 cm, and $21.3\%$, respectively. The mean glucose and insulin levels of the obese children were 80.5 mg/dl and $13.3\;{\mu}IU/mL$ and those of the non obese children were 82.0 mg/dl and $4.2\;{\mu}IU/mL$, respectively. Obese children had significantly (p<0.05) higher level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and insulin concentration than non-obese children. However obese children had a lower level of HDL-cholesterol than non-obese children. Plasma leptin level were also positively correlated with BMI (p<0.000l), body fat (p<0.0001), tricep skinfold thickness (p<0.0001), mid arm circumference (p<0.0001), and waist hip ratio (p<0.0001). Plasma leptin showed a significantly positive correlation with insulin (p<0.0001), total cholesterol (p<0.0001), LDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001), and triglyceride (p<0.0001) levels, however, it was negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001) levels. In conclusion, the concentration of leptin in the blood is significantly correlated with the amount of body fat, BMI, plasma insulin, and plasma lipid profiles.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of plasma leptin and insulin concentrations on fat traits in Hanwoo. If a biological indicator such as plasma leptin and insulin was identified, it would be a useful biological marker that can be predicted marbling score in young animal. The relationship between plasma hormone (leptin and insulin) and fat traits (marbling score, back fat thickness and P8 fat thickness) was investigated. The experiment studies 100 Hanwoo that were randomly sampled from Hanwoo Experimental Station Herd. The concentration of plasma insulin was significantly associated with marbling score (P=0.02) but was not significantly with back fat thickness (P=0.07) and P8 fat thickness (P=0.09). Statistical model determinant that plasma insulin concentration account for phenotypes was moderate on marbling score (5%), back fat thickness (3%) and P8 fat thickness (9%). On the other hand, plasma leptin concentration was significantly associated with marbling score (P=0.03) and back fat thickness (P=0.02), but was not significant on P8 fat thickness (0.07). Statistical model determinant that plasma leptin concentration accounting for phenotypes was moderate effect on marbling score (3%) and back fat thickness (2%), but it has a slightly bigger effect on P8 fat thickness (7%). In conclusion, the plasma leptin and insulin seems to have an effect on fat traits (marbling score, backfat thickness and P8 fat thickness) in Hanwoo.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.795-802
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• 2003

Purpose : We investigated the hormonal control of OB gene expression and leptin secretion in cultured human visceral adipose tissue. Methods : Visceral adipose tissues were cultured for up to 48 hrs in modified Eagle's medium with varying concentration of hormones : Control(no hormone), bovine insulin(100 nM), Dexamethasone(DEX, 100 nM), growth hormone(GH, 40 ng/mL), insulin+DEX(100 nM each), insulin+DEX+GH(100 nM insulin and DEX, 40 ng/mL GH). Quantitative analysis of leptin mRNA was performed by competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and leptin secretion in culture medium was measured by IRMA using a commercial kit. Results : The addition of dexamethasone to the medium significantly increased OB gene expression and leptin secretion(P<0.05). Unlike dexamethasone, insulin did not affect OB gene expression and leptin secretion. Both insulin and dexamethasone, at high concentration, significantly stimulated leptin secretion compared with basal values(P<0.05). Leptin gene expression was not significantly increased by GH treatment alone, however GH, in combination with high concentrations of insulin and dexamethasone, attenuated the stimulatory effects of high concentrations of insulin and dexamethasone. Conclusion : Insulin cannot increase leptin secretion without the presence of dexamethasone. The mechanism suggested is that insulin may increase leptin secretion in cytoplasm only after dexamethasone increases the expression of OB gene. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of the action of insulin on leptin secretion after increasing OB gene expression by dexamethasone.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.524-531
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the basal leptin concentrations in normal(n=17, BMI 20-25, obesity index 90-110%) and overweight(n=13, BMI > 25, obestity index > 120%) Korea young aldult males, and correlation between leptin concentrations, nutrients intake, anthropometry and other biochemical parameters. Nutritional status, serum leptin and biochemiccal parameters were evaluated based on 24hr-dietary records, anthropometric measurement and blood analysis. Obesity index were 138% and 101% in overweight and normal group, respectively. Serum leptin concentration was higher in overweight group than that in normal group (8.65$\pm$ 9.41 vs 2.06 $\pm$ 1.19, p<0.05). Serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and insulin concentrations were higher in overweight group than in normal group(p<0.05). Nutrients intakes was not different between two group. The leptin concentrations were correlated with body weight(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.05), obesity index(p<0.05), waist circumference(p<0.05), animal lipid intake(p<0.05)in overweight group.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.739-745
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• 2006

Changes in the levels of analytes in the blood and urine of a rodent animal model were taken as a measure of the hypoglycemic effects of a diet containing fermented chaga mushroom. These studies were conducted using the genetically manipulated diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat. The effects of 8-week long diets that included either fermented (FCM) or non-fermented (CM) chaga mushroom powder (5% in the diet) on the OLETF rat were compared to the normal diet fed OLETF rat and the non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rat. Hypoglycemia was tracked by measuring serum and urine concentrations of glucose, insulin, fructosamine, and leptin. Serum and urine levels of glucose, fructosamine, and leptin in the OLETF rats were higher than in LETO rats when fed normal diets but insulin levels did not differ between the two animal groups. The FCM rats were characterized by dramatically low levels of serum glucose and leptin in the OLETF rats whereas the levels of fructosamine and urine glucose trended lower in response to FCM. The serum leptin level in the CM-fed OLETF rat was also lower than that in the normal diet fed OLETF control. Serum concentrations of insulin in the OLETF rats were higher following FCM or CM feeding compared to the normal diet. These observations imply that (a) a dietary supplement of fermented chaga mushroom may contribute to a hypoglycemic effect in the OLETF rat, and (b) the increased blood insulin concentration following 8 weeks of an FCM diet may be important to the noted improvement in hyperglycemia.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.153-167
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• 2007

Objetives This experimental study is designed to investigate the effects of kwakhyangjungkisangamibang extract on the changes of adipose tissues, serum insulin and leptin levels in rats induced by a high fat diet. The leptin has been proposed to be involved in the role of food intake and energy expenditure. Methods During the 8 weeks of experimental period, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on the 2 different diets: the normal diet AIN-76A and high fat(beef tallow) diet ad libitum, of which 40% of the calories intake was fat. 9 rats in the control and high fat diet group were killed for the baseline experiment at 4 weeks of age. The high fat diet group was divided into three groups: control group, experimental group I(high fat diet plus kwakhyangjungkisangamibang extract), and experimental group II(high fat diet plus mahuang). The body weight, hypodermal fat tissue, serum lipid profile, insulin and leptin levels were measured after the administration of the high fat diet and extract. Results 1. The body weight was decreased in experimental group II, but there was not a significance difference compared to the control group. 2. The peritoneal, visceral, and hypodermal adipose tissue was decreased in experimental group I, but there was not a significance difference compared to the control group. 3. The lipid profile was decreased in experimental group I, but not in group II. 4. The insulin concentration was increased in experimental group I and II, but there was not a significance difference compared to the control group. 5. The leptin level was increased significantly in experimental group I(p<0.05) and II(p<0.01) compared to the control group. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that kwakhyangjungkisangamibang has an effect on the regulation of obesity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1756-1762
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• 2011

The aim of the present investigation was to investigate the relationship of repeated racehorse simulator exercise on plasma ghrelin and hormons in fasted jockeys. The fasted jockeys and apprentice jockeys performed $1^{st}$ short distance 1000m, $2^{nd}$ middle distance 1700m and $3^{rd}$ long distance 2300m racehorse simulator exercises, and venous blood samples were obtained before, immediately after. In addition to ghrelin concentration, leptin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol values were measured. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed plasma ghrelin and insulin concentration in apprentice jockeys r=.55 after the $3^{rd}$ exercise. There were relationships between significant relationships (p<.05) between plasma ghrelin and leption concentration in jockeys r=.73, and between plasma ghrelin and cortisol concentration in apprentice jockeys r=.64 before exercise. There was no difference in the ghrelin, leptin, insulin and IGF-1 concentration responses to the consecutive exercise. The IGF-1 and cortisol level showed significant (p<.05)difference between groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that negative energy balance induced by of repeated racehorse simulator exercise elicits a metabolic response with positive relationship in plasma ghrelin and insulin in apprentice jockeys after the $3^{rd}$ exercise.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soyligosaccharides on improvement of diabetes mellitus. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Control and one experimental group were fel AIN-93G diet(mixed diet) and the other experimental group was fed a similar diet containing 5% soyligosaccharides(oligosaccharide diet) for 6 weeks. Experimental groups were divided into two sub-groups after streptozotocin(STZ) injection and fed th mixed diet or the oligosaccharide diet for the next 2 weeks. Followings are final experimental and control groups: MM (mixed dietlongrightarrowSTZ injectionlongrightarrowmixed diet). MO(mixed dietlongrightarrowSTZ injectionlongrightarrowoligosaccharide diet), OM( oligosaccharide dietlongrightarrowSTZ injectionlongrightarrowmixed diet), OO(oligosaccharide dietlongrightarrowSTZ injectionlongrightarrowoligosaccharide diet), C(mixed dietlongrightarrowplacebo injectionlongrightarrowmixed diet). Blood glucose was analyzed at d1, d8 and d12 after streptozotocin injection. At the end of the experimental period, fecal bifidobacteria, plasma insulin, total lipid, triglyceride, cholesterol, and leptin concentrations was analyzed, After STZ injection, blood glucose level was significantly elevated in experimental group compared to a control group. Elevated blood glucose level declined faster in OO group compared to the other experimental groups. Meanwhile, insulin concentration decreased in all experimental groups compared to a control group. The number of bifidobacteria was significantly increased in oligosaccharide diet groups after STZ injection (MO and OO) than a mixed diet group(MM). Plasma cholesterol concentration significantly decreased in oligosaccharide diet groups(MO and OO) compared to mixed diet groups (MM and OM) after SZ injection. Plasma triglyceride and liver cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in MO group compared to other experimental groups. Meanwhile, plasma leptin concentration was significantly lower in oligosaccharide diet groups after STZ injection(MO and OO) compared to a control group. The results in this study suggest that the dietary soyoligosaccharides has strong on reduction of reduction of blood glucose and lipid concentrations in streptozotoicin-induced diabetic rats. Thus, the use of soyoligosaccharides at a diet for IDDM patients may help to improve diabetes mellitus symptoms.(Korean J Nutrition 34(1) : 3-13, 2001)