• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.331-336
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• 2007

The importance of a building management is embossed at construction industry and the concernment about a lengthening longevity and a efficient management of construction project is concentrated. At present, a study about maintenance management of existing building is progressed and normal papers concentrate in partial construction project for showing management method. This paper proposes Management method that make use of RFID/USN at the whole course of construction project that is composed plan, design, supply, construction, operation, maintenance management and so on. First of all, this paper analyzes process and applicable scope of RFID/USN at construction project. At each step, use scope, location, method and so on are decided at plan, design step and equipment, human power, materials and so on are established at supply step. real time progress, human power, safety, material, equipment management and so on put in operation at construction step and building is managemented real time by established sensor tag and wireless sensor network. This paper want to helps efficient project progress and management and presents convenience of maintenance management.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 1986

The characteristics of anion exchange with internal $HCO_3\;^{-}\;(or\;OH^-)$ was studied by determining the time course of hemolysis in isoosmotic ammonium salt solution in human erythrocytes. The effects of inhibitors, pH and temperature on the exchange between internal $HCO_3\;^-\;(or\;OH^-)$ and external $Cl^-$ were observed and the permeabilities of various organic and inorganic anions were also measured. The results were compared with data previously reported from the experiments using radioisotopes. The results are as follows; 1) SITS $H_2DIDS$ and furosemide inhibited the hemolysis of erythrocytes in isoosmotic $NH_4Cl$ solution in a dose·dependent manner, and the concentrations for lengthening twice the time for $half-hemloysis(t_{1/2})\;were\;2.3{\times}10^{-7},\;1.3{\times}10^{-7}\;and\;2.5{\times}10^{-5}M$, respectively. 2) Acetazolamide also shifted the time-dependent hemolytic curve to the right in a dose-dependent manner, and the concentrations for lengthening twice $t_{1/2}\;was\;2.4{\times}10^{-5}M$. 3) The time-dependent hemolysis was delayed by decreasing pH from 7.0 to 6.2, but w·as not affected by the change of pH in the range of 7.0 to 8.2. 4) The time for $half-hemloysis(t_{1/2})$ showed a temperature-dependency and Arrhenius plot exhibited a break point at $20^{\circ}C$. The apparent activation energy calculated from this plot was 18.1 kcal/mol between $2^{\circ}C-20^{\circ}C$ and 11.2 kcal/mol between $20^{\circ}C-37^{\circ}C$, respectively. 5) The apparent permeabilities of various inorganic anions based on $t_{1/2}$ were in the order of $Cl^->NO_{3}\;^->SCN^->SO_4\;^{2-}>SSO_3\;^{2-}>HPO_4\;^{2-}$. which was similar with the previous reports based on the experiment using radioisotopes. The results Obtained from this study are comparable with the previous data reported from the experiments using radioisotopes. This indicates that the hemolysis of erythrocytes in isoosmotic ammonium salt solution can be used as a simple and good method for the study of anion exchange in erythrocyte membrane.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2008

Nowadays, most of the malignant bone tumor patient underwent limb salvage operation, however, reconstructive options for skeletally immature group are still controversial. There are three necessary conditions of most ideal reconstructive method in treating the skeletally immature children. As the epiphyseal plate sacrification is usually inevitable in malignant bone tumor around knee joint, ideal reconstructive technique would be as follows; 1)minimal or no damage to theadjacent epiphyseal plate, 2) maintaining mobile joint, 3) index procedure does not disturb subsequent operation such as lengthening. Segmental resection and reconstruction using autogenous pasteurized graft was done for 4 years old meta-diaphyseal osteosarcoma of femur. At 6 months from index operation, plain radiograph showed pasteurized bone resorption and loosening of fixation devise. To overcome the complication, we used allograft reconstruction by impacting the proximal host bone to the fluted portion of allobone. Three months later, proximal bone union was observed and patient showed good functional outcome.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 2000

The Necessity and Purpose of the Study Recently the number of patients with chronic diseases and the aged patients is increasing steadily. Furthermore, due to the expansion of health insurance system, the number of patients hospitalized in the general hospital is increasing at a surprising speed. However, hospitals urge the early discharge of the patients for the efficiencies of hospital administration, and therefore, the number of patients who must be taken care of in their home is also increasing. Homecare nursing is one of the health care service for the patients at home who require continual attention and care, and now increasing attentions are given to it as one of the professional nursing fields. However, it was almost impossible to find a study on the actual experiences of the homecare nurses written by their own language in Korea, that it also posed a great difficulty in understanding their diverse experience. Considering these situation, this study will help understanding of them, and provide the fundamental data on their experiences for making policies to develop homecare nursing. Methods of Research Phenomenological research method was employed to analyze the lived experiences of homecare nurses fundamentally. Data collection Data were collected from August 1998 to December 1998 from ten homecare nurses who worked for patients under the homecare nursing setting as model cases designated by Seoul Nurses Association and who agreed to the purpose of this study after listening to and understanding the explanation completely. The in-depth interview was carried at the time which was convenient both for the researcher and participants for one or two hours, and recovered with the approval participants. The first interview covered diverse and broad areas like the situation of homecare nursing, and their feelings and thoughts over it, and in the second and third interviews, more specific questions are asked. Data Analysis For the phenomenological analysis, contents analysis was employed. The data collected from the participants were analyzed into the following procedures according to Van Manen 's phenomenological analysis. 1) Reserve the preconception of the researcher by restricting it inside parenthesis. 2) Make a thorough observation of the lived experiences by insight process. 3) Analyze the contents (Find out the repetitive factors) 4) Interpret the essence found. 5) State the meaning of the interpretation. Results and discussion 1. Fear and expectation for the first visit. (unfamiliarity, awkwardness, anxiety, shivering) 2. Mingle with the family (feeling friendly with the family, becoming like a family member) 3. Being proud of her own know-how (learning the know-how, organizing alternatives, building up confidence) 4. Pity for the poor. (criticizing the current government, feeling ashamed, feeling anger) 5. Difficulty of constructing cooperative system with physicians (strenuousness, frustration) 6. Helplessness due to the lack of support system (difficulty to get supplies, annoyance, embarrassment by institutional restraints) 7. Anxiousness for heavy traffic and parking (annoyance, hastiness) 8. Ethical conflicts (pity for the patients and family, skepticism about lengthening life maintenance) 9. Burden for the possible accident (pressure, anxiety, conflict, physical exhaustion) 10. Establishment of identity as a professional (fulfillment, worth, joy) 11. Being distressed at other's ignorance

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.611-616
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• 2017

The antibacterial activities of nine oriental herbal medicine extracts were measured against seven kinds of bacteria known to cause food poisoning and disease. The extracts were prepared with distilled water using an autoclave ($121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min). The extraction yields of nine oriental herbal medicines were in the rage of 0.5%-33.4%. The antibacterial activities were evaluated using the paper-disc method. Extracts of Hwangryeon, Jiyu, and Ohbaeja showed antibacterial activities while the others did not. Extracts of Coptis japonica, Hwangryeon, and Sanguisorba officinalis, Jiyu showed antibacterial activities only against Clostridium perfringens and Listeria monocytogenes. Extracts of Rhus javanica, Ohbaeja showed the strongest antibacterial activities against all the bacteria tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of R. javanica extracts were in the range of 2.4~20 mg/ml for the bacteria tested. In conclusion, the extract of R. javanica showed superior antibacterial activities against the seven bacterial strains tested. The MIC and MBC values for each bacterium were represented as strain names (MIC, MBC), which were Bacillus cereus (11.2, 20), Clostridium perfringens (2.4, 4.7), Escherichia coli (9.1, 9.1), Listeria monocytogenes (11.1, 20), Salmonella typhi (4.7, 9.1), Staphylococcus aureus (2.4, 4.7), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2.4, 5.3). Further purification and study of this antibacterial material would be helpful for developing antibiotics or promoting synergistic effects with known antibiotics, producing antibacterial material for lengthening the shelf-life of food, and so on.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of foot massage on the degree of nausea/vomiting, anxiety, sleep satisfaction and fatigue during chemotherapy. Method: Total 36 subjects who were admitted to C university hospital in G city during 3 days and 2 nights for chemotherapy were selected from January to June, 2003. Seventeen of these subjects were assigned to control group and the rest were assigned to experimental group. Tools were Index of Nausea, Vomiting & Retching (INVR), Spielberger's state anxiety, sleep satisfaction, & fatigue VAS. Data were collected at both pre-test and post-test. Results: Difference of pre-test and post-test was not significant between control group and experimental group on the degree of nausea/vomiting, anxiety and sleep satisfaction. However, the effect of foot massage on the fatigue was significant. Conclusion: Further studies need to identify the immediate effect of foot massage on either nausea and vomiting or anxiety and to develop strategies for lengthening and strengthening the short-term effect of foot massage.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2005

Patients with cleft lip and palate usually show up maxillary hypoplasia. In these cases, a large amount of maxillary advancement is often needed to correct the severe deformity, but local soft-tissue scars around the maxilla restrict maxillary advancement and increase the relapse rate. Maxillary distraction osteogenesis is an effective method for facial and occlusal improvement in these patients. By gradually lengthening both the bones and the soft tissues, distracted midface can greatly increase postoperative stability and decrease the relapse rate. However, the maxillary extraoral appliances of the early days used were esthetically unappealing as well as difficult for the patient to manage. Recently, more inconspicuous intraoral distraction appliances have been developed and used with success. We acquired favorable result in two patients(bilateral 1 patient and unilateral 1 patient) with severe maxillary hypoplasia secondary to complete cleft lip and palate were treated with midface distraction using internal distractor (Zurich Pediatric Maxillary Distractor, KLS Martin, Tuttlingen, Germany). So, we report our experience with literatures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2007

Radical paring of the cleft edge during primary cleft lip operation or repeated secondary surgeries can result in tightness of the upper lip. In case, the degree of the resulting side-to-side tension is very severe, the possibility of a lip switch flap must be considered. When the lip tightness accompanies a loss of more than two-thirds of the Cupid's bow, an Abbe flap is an alternative. The disadvantages of Abbe flap are scar formation on the lower lip, design of incision line on the upper lip, disharmony of colors, and the dysfunction of the orbicularis muscle. These problems have been recognized in the literature and extreme discretion has been advised in its application. We experienced four cases of Abbe flap operation which were designed differently to correct the secondary unilateral or bilateral cleft-lip nasal deformities. The Abbe flap operations resulted in removal of the scars and tightness of the upper lip, reconstruction of the Cupid's bow, lengthening of the columella, and therefore secondary cleft-lip nasal deformity could be corrected. It is thought that carefully applied Abbe flap is an appropriate method to relieve horizontal tightness or flattening of the upper lip which occured after primary operation of cleft lip.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.559-566
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• 2007

Distraction osteogenesis(DO) is a surgical method of bone formation that involves an osteotomy and sequential stretching of the healing callus by gradual movement and subsequent remodeling. DO is used to correct facial asymmetry, such as in patients with hemifacial microsomia, maxillary or mandibular retrusion, cleft lip and palate, alveolar defects, and craniofacial deficiency. It is accomplished with the aid of a distraction device, which is secured with screws placed directly into bone, for a predetermined length of time. Hemifacial microsomia is characterized by unilateral facial hypoplasia, often with unilateral shortening of the mandible and subsequent malocclusion. Patients with hemifacial microsomia and facial asymmetry have a vertically short maxilla, tilted occlusal plane, and short mandible. Early treatment is necessary to avoid subsequent impaired midfacial growth. The standard treatment of these malformations consists of the application of bone grafts, which can lead to unpredictable growth. The new bone-lengthening procedure represents a limited surgical intervention and opens up a new perspective for treatment, especially in younger children with severe deformities. This report describes a case of hemifacial microsomia(Type-II left-sided hemifacial microsomia). The patient, a 10-year-old child, visited our clinic for facial asymmetry correction. He had a hypoplastic mandible, displaced ear lobe, 10 mm canting on the right side, and malocclusion. We planned DO to lengthen the left mandible in conjunction with a Le Fort I osteotomy for decanting and then perform a right intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy(IVRO). Progressive distraction at a rate of 0.5 mm/12 hours was initiated 7 days postoperatively. The duration of DO was 17 days. The consolidation period was 3 months. Satisfactory results were obtained in our case, indicating that DO can be used successfully for functional, aesthetic reconstruction of the mandible. We report a case involving DO in conjunction with orthognathic surgery for correcting mandibular hypoplasia with a review of the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.438-444
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• 2018

Korea has recently selected twenty-two ports for reinforcement breakwater installation of protection facilities, due to rise sea level caused by global warming and increase in the number of typhoon and tsunami. In addition, due to consistent enlargement of ship size, dredging for depth of water for large vessel's berthing and enlargement of berth is under construction. However, no definite construction plan for the reinforcement and lengthening of crown height, which has close relationship with the safe mooring of ships. In this study, domestic and foreign design criteria of crown height were analyzed, and the crown height evaluation index and evaluation method were developed by dividing it into environment and ship elements. In particular, in the case of ship evaluation index, each step was set up in 4 steps according to domestic and foreign regulations, weighted by each step, and the safety level of crown height was evaluated. As a result of the mooring safety simulation of the 100,000 ton cruise ship, the appropriate minimum crown height standard was derived to be 3 m above A.H.H.W. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data to propose the crown height standard reflecting ship characteristics.