• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2014

Background This study aimed at overcoming the disadvantages of septal extension grafts and keeping the nasal tip as natural as possible by using different forms of the graft and additional supporting methods depending on the case. Methods Among 458 patients who received a septal extension graft from March 2008 to September 2011, 107 patients were selected who underwent at least a 6-month follow-up. Patients were categorized according to the primary objective of the operation; an upturned tip correction or tip lengthening, tip lengthening with tip projection, or retracted columella correction. Each group of patients received a different type of septal extension graft out of 3 different types of grafts based on the purpose of the operation. The evaluation of the results was made from by comparing preoperative and postoperative photographs of the tip angle, projection, and nasolabial angle. Results The average tip angle for the patients in the upturned tip correction group was reduced to 98.3 from 124.9 degrees. For the patients in the tip lengthening with tip projection group, the average tip angle was reduced to 96.8 from 122.4 degrees and the average tip projection was increased to 27.5 from 23.2 mm. The average nasolabial angle for the patients in the retracted columella correction group was increased to 94.6 from 74.8 degrees. Conclusions Sufficient nasal tip lengthening and projection could be achieved by applying a septal extension graft using the graft best suited for the group of patients categorized by surgical objective.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.487-497
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• 2019

Purpose: This tutorial review investigated the effect of prior fatigue and passive stretches on eccentric contraction-induced muscle injuries, as well as the underlying mechanisms of eccentric contraction-related injuries. Methods: Contraction-induced muscle damage is the most common disabling problem in sports and routines. The mechanisms underlying the pathology and prevention of muscle damage lessened by prior fatigue or stretches are critical in assessing musculoskeletal injuries. Even though there are treatments to reduce eccentric contraction-induced muscle injuries, fatigue negatively influences them. Therefore, we reviewed previous studies on eccentric contraction-induced muscle injuries with prior treatments using the MEDLINE and PubMed databases. Results: Prior passive stretching had a preventative and therapeutic effect, but prior lengthening contractions did not. On the other hand, prior isometric contractions involving relatively small forces may not provide a sufficient stimulus to induce protection. As a result, high force isometric contractions may be necessary. The studies supported the positive effects of prior fatigue, concluding that it was a factor in determining the amount of damage caused by eccentric exercise. This was due to a reduction in force and increased temperature. Studies that did not support the positive effects of prior fatigue concluded that a shift in optimal length to a longer length and reduced energy absorption during lengthening are evidence that fatigue is not related to muscle injuries induced by lengthening. Conclusion: The variability of the experiment models, conditions, muscles, and treatment methods make it necessary to interpret the conditions of previous studies carefully and draw conclusions without making direct comparisons. Thus, additional studies should be carefully conducted to investigate the positive effect of fatigue on lengthening.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 1998

A limb-sparing operation has a definitive role in the treatment of osteosarcoma in the lower extremity of skeletally-immature patients. After a limb-sparing operation, leg length discrepancy remains as a major disability that should be corrected. This study was designed to suggest methods of tumor resection and proper timing of leg length equalization in skeletally immature osteosarcoma patients. From September 1990 to January 1998, we reviewed eight osteosarcoma patients in an immature skeletal age. There were 4 males and 4 females, and their mean duration of follow-up was 50.37 months (range : 25 to 88 months). Mean skeletal age was 8 years (range : 8 months to 11 years). The patients were classified according to the methods of tumor resection ; intercalary resection in 1 case, transepiphyseal resection in 1, intra-articular resection in 5, and extra-articular resection in 1. The results were as follows ; 1. The leg lengthening was begun when a patient's leg length discrepancy reached 4-5cm. 2. The age of final lengthening with permanent reconstruction was 14 years in males and 12 years in females (about 2 years before skeletal maturity). 3. When reconstruction was performed with a temporary spacer, the site of lengthening Was in the soft tissue, not in bone, and then a permanant reconstruction was done. 4. Reconstruction with a biologic spacer to preserve the joint function was a reasonable method for equalization of leg length. In conclusion, the appropriate choice of reconstructive method and the age at which to correct the leg length discrepancy in a skeletally-immature osteosarcoma patients are important factors for maintaining leg length at full maturity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.561-566
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• 2005

Even though it is generalized to perform synchronous lip and nasal correction, there are some cases in need of secondary correction of cleft lip nose deformity. In these procedures, the lengthening of columella plays an important role. We performed eighteen cases of the secondary cleft lip nose deformity correction using two different methods from 1997 to 2003. The central lip flap was used in eight patients and V-Y advancement flap in ten patients. Additional procedures including reverse U-incision, interdomal fixation sutures and suspension sutures were used for correction of combined deformity. Silastic nasal retainers were kept in all patients for 6 months. Both of central lip flap and V-Y advancement flap seems to be a good technique for lengthening columellar soft tissue. But new columella after V-Y advancement flap appeared to be too narrow and a bit unnatural looking and central lip flap left additional scar on the upper lip although it was conspicuous. We think that central lip flap is a better technique in a case with wide philtrum and narrow columella and V-Y advancement flap can be another choice in a columella with sufficient width.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 1995

This case report presents two maxillary anterior cases for clinical crown lengthening by forced eruption. In the first case, clinical crown of maxillary right lateral incisor was almost lost by fracture. Forced eruption using intracoronal splint and elastic thread accomplished vertical root movement successfully. Then, post & core was inserted and final restoration was harmonious with adjacent teeth. In the second case, the crown portion of maxillary right central incisor was almost mutilated by secondary caries. Forced eruption using removable Hawley appliance and elastic accomplished vertical root movement successfully. Then, post & core was inserted and final restoration was placed. In conclusion, clinical crown lengthening by vertical root movement can be accomplished by a simple appliance without any sacrifice of periodontal support in selected patients. A clinical crown so created can be restored to adequate function and arch integrity without compromising adjacent teeth. Therefore, forced eruption is preferred in the anterior region of the dentition where esthetics is of major concern.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2011

Traditional management of comminuted tibia fractures with massive bone and soft tissue defect includes soft tissue coverage and bone grafting. However, this method requires a large flap and a substantial amount of bone graft. Acute shortening can reduce the amount of required soft tissue and bone graft. We report a case of open tibia and fibula fracture with severe bone and soft tissue defect that was successfully treated by acute shortening of the tibia with immediate fibular strut bone graft and then by gradual lengthening of the tibia at its proximal metaphysis.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

The existence and the extent of vowel length difference before voiced/voiceless consonants in English and Korean are examined in three groups: (1) Korean-speaking Americans (group A), (2) immigrants who moved to the U.S. in their early teens (group I), and (3) Koreans who have been in the U.S. for less than 3 years (group K). 14 subjects were recorded reading 10 English and 10 Korean sentences. The results show that the three groups exhibit different patterns of the vowel length difference: Group A shows a very strong tendency of vowel lengthening before voiced consonants in both English and Korean, while Group I shows less degree of vowel lengthening, and Group K shows almost no tendency of vowel length difference in both languages. This strongly suggests that, (1) unlike English, Korean does not have the vowel length difference depending on the following consonants, and (2) the vowel lengthening effect observed in Korean (L2) speech in group A may be the result of transfer of the phonetic trait acquired in English (L1). It also implies that, in teaching pronunciation, some facts such as the vowel length difference cannot be expected to be acquired automatically for the learners of English, but have to be taught explicitly.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2009

Purpose: Excessive gingival display and short clinical crowns due to altered passive eruptions are major concerns for a considerable number of patients visiting dental clinics. Altered passive eruptions could be corrected through various types of periodontal surgery conformable to a classification. 3 cases are reported here on the esthetic correction of altered passive eruption to evaluate results of crown lengthening procedure. Methods: Three patients whose major complaints were excessive gingival display and short teeth were picked out for this case study. Before treatment, clinical and radiological exam was performed to choose type of surgery. Thickness and width of keratinized gingiva was measured in all three patients then they were treated by surgical methods including flap operation and depigmentation under subsequent diagnosis. Results: Uneventful healing and stable gingival margin were observed in all three patients except recurrence of gingival pigmentation of one patient. Conclusions: The treatment of altered passive eruption requires precise diagnostic procedure and could achieve better esthetic outcomes when it is accompanied by other orthodontic and orthognathic treatment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.422-428
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• 2007

The columella, nasal tip, lip relationship in the secondary bilateral cleft deformity remains an enigma and a great challenge for the cleft surgeon. A subset of patients with bilateral cleft lip still require columellar lengthening and nasal correction, despite the advances in preoperative orthopedics and primary nasal corrections. An approach to correct this deformity is described. This consists of 1) lengthening the columella, 2) open rhinoplasty, allowing definitive repositioning of lower lateral cartilages, ear cartilage grafting to the tip and columella when necessary, 3) nasal mucosal advancement, 4) alar base narrowing and 5) reconstruction of the orbicularis oris as required. In surgical repair of the cleft lip nose, the timing of the operation(during lip closure, before or after the puberty growth sput), and the operative technique play a key role in the final result. In this study, 13 cleft lip patients who had undergone a secondary cheilorhinoplasty at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital were evaluated to check the proper time and method of the operation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.240-252
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• 2017

The restoration of endodontic tooth is always a challenge for the clinician, not only due to excessive loss of tooth structure but also invasion of the biological width due to large decayed lesions. In this paper, the 7 most common clinical scenarios in molars with class II lesions ever deeper were examined. This includes both the type of restoration (direct or indirect) and the management of the cavity margin, such as the need for deep margin elevation (DME) or crown lengthening. It is necessary to have the DME when the healthy tooth remnant is in the sulcus or at the epithelium level. For caries that reaches the connective tissue or the bone crest, crown lengthening is required. Endocrowns are a good treatment option in the endodontically treated tooth when the loss of structure is advanced.