• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.9-13
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• 2005

The aim of this paper is to analyze the vowel lengthening in Korean, whose function is distinctive in the word's level. In this paper, I examined two acoustic parameters : vowel length and formants(F1 and F2) to distinguish or to identify the long vowel and his short correspondant, for exemple, /a:/ and /a/. According to the results of experimental analysis and to the discussion on the vowel length's relation and its influence to Korean phonological system, I considered a vowel lengthening as a prosodeme, so as a prosodic element in Korean phonological system.

• MALSORI
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• no.63
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• pp.67-84
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• 2007

Verb phrase could have two different meanings according to which is followed after verb; adverb or preposition. The meaning of 'verb+adverb' is deduced from a figurative meaning which is idiomatic expression, and 'verb+preposition' is interpreted as the literal meaning. The purpose of this study is to observe how English native speakers and Korean leaners of English distinguish two sentences of the same word strings with acoustic cues like pause and duration. According to the result, as pause was used for meaning distinction, it was likely that the pause length preceding prepositions was longer than that of following adverbs. To distinguish two sentences of the same word strings, all participants seemed to use pause, verb lengthening and adverb/preposition lengthening. Among them, there is a hierarchical significance; in sequence, pause, verb lengthening, adverb/preposition lengthening.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.50-53
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• 2010

BACKGROUND. In order to restore severely attrited teeth properly, surgical intervention in the form of a crown-lengthening procedure may be required. And also, proper diagnosis and treatment sequencing is critical to obtain a successful results. Adequate diagnostic wax-up ensures good esthetics and healthy periodontal tissue. CASE DESCRIPTION. This clinical case report describes a diagnostically based protocol for restoration on mandibular anterior teeth with crown lengthening procedure and the treatment of partially edentulous mandible combined with an edentulous maxilla. In addition, the effort to prevent the combination syndrome was described. CLINICAL IMPLICATION. An interdisciplinary diagnosis and examination through visualization of the desired results ensure conservative and more predictable outcome.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2013

Purpose: Calcaneal lengthening osteotomy is one option for the treatment of symptomatic flexible flatfoot in adults. The aim of the study was to evaluate the short term clinical and radiologic results and analyze its complications. Materials and Methods: Twelve feet who had undergone calcaneal lengthening osteotomy without flexor digitorum longus transfer between December 2009 and July 2011 were included. The mean age was 40.6 years (23~75 years). The mean followup was 17.3 months (13~25 months). Clinical outcome were assessed using American Orthopadics Foot ans Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Four radiologic parameters were measured from weightbearing radiographs to evaluate the difference between preoperatively and postoperatively measures. To analyze the complications, calcaneocuboid joint subluxation and degenerative change were measured postoperatively. Results: The mean AOFAS score improved from 55.3 points preoperatively to 82.2 points at lastest follow-up (p=0.000). The mean VAS improved from 6.3 points preoperatively to 3.2 points postoperatively (p=0.002).All radiologic parameters, the mean talonavicular coverage angle on AP view, the mean talo-1st metatarsal angle on AP and lateral view and the mean calcaneal pitch angle, significantly improved after calcaneal lengthening osteotomy. Nine feets (75%) were shown the degenerative change in the calcaneocuboid joint at latest follow-up radiographs. Conclusion: Calcaneal lengthening osteotomy for the symptomatic flexible flatfoot in adults produced significant improvement in clinical and radiologic parameters, but calcaneocuboid joint osteoarthritis occurred postoperatively remained a major problem.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2018

Clinical crown lengthening procedure would be an effective method for overcoming adverse clinical condition such as short abutment length. There are three kinds of methods in clinical crown lengthening, those are, surgical crown lengthening, orthodontic extrusion and surgical extrusion. Clinicians have to try their best to choose a proper method among those for favorable results. This report aims to review the considerations in each method with various cases and to suggest a decision flow for appropriate selection.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.430-439
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• 2009

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) plays an important role in knee extension. Rotational instability due to injured PCL can be restored by various PCL reconstruction methods. In this study, the initial lengthening affected by fixation device and location was demonstrated, and furthermore, the slippage and the relationship between lengthening ratio and slippage ratio in the calcaneus and soft tissue fixation methods was newly suggested. Eight specimens of proximal tibia and Achilles tendon grafts were harvested from four cadavers and divided into four groups in regard to the four different types of transtibial fixation techniques. The cyclic load ranged from 50 N to 250 N applied to each graft fixed to proximal tibia in 55 degrees. The initial lengthening ratio to the total elongation has been approximately constant regardless of the fixation methods. The soft tissue fixation method with an interference screw showed about 56.4% slippage ratio to the total elongation and the same method with a double cross-pin presented about 45.4% slippage ratio. The soft tissue fixation method with an interference screw demonstrated approximately 2 mm less total elongation and about 13% more slippage than lengthening because of poor fixation compared to the same method with a double cross-pin.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2005

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.15-23
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• 2020

This study examines the duration of Korean lax and tense stops in the prosodic word-medial position, their interactions with nearby segments, and the phonological implications of these interactions. It first examines the lengthening of consonants at the function of the short lax stop. Experiment 1 shows that the sonorant C1 is significantly longer before a short lax stop C2 than before a long tense stop. Experiment 2 shows that the short lax stop C1 cancels the contrast between the lax and tense obstruent at C2, making them appear as long tense obstruents (Post-Stop Tensing Rule). We suggest that such lengthening phenomena occur in Korean to robustly preserve the contrastive length difference between C and CC. Second, this study examines the vowel shortening, known as Closed-Syllable Vowel Shortening, before a long tense stop or before the consonant sequence. Experiment 3 suggests that it be interpreted as temporal adjustment to make the interval from the onset of a vowel to the onset of the following vowel of near-equal length. Conclusively, we suggest that Korean speech be planned and controlled with two specific intervals. One is the duration of contrastive consonant intervals between vowels, and the other is the duration from the onset of a vowel to the onset of the following vowel.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.543-548
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• 2022

Microvascular reconstruction frequently requires anastomosis outside of the zone of injury for successful reconstruction. Multiple options exist for pedicle lengthening including vein grafts, arteriovenous loops, and arteriovenous bundle interposition grafts. The authors performed a systematic review of arteriovenous bundle interposition grafts to elucidate indications and outcomes of arteriovenous grafts in microvascular reconstruction. A systematic review of the literature was performed using targeted keywords. Data extraction was performed by two independent authors, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze pooled data. Forty-four patients underwent pedicle lengthening with an arteriovenous graft from the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Most common indications for flap reconstruction were malignancy (n = 12), trauma (n = 7), and diabetic ulceration (n = 4). The most commonly used free flap was the anterolateral thigh flap (n = 18). There were five complications, with one resulting in flap loss. Arteriovenous bundle interposition grafts are a viable option for pedicle lengthening when free flap distant anastomosis is required. The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery may be used for a variety of defects and can be used in conjunction with fasciocutaneous, osteocutaneous, muscle, and chimeric free flaps.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histologic change of the inferior alveolar nerve according to distraction amount following mandibular lengthening. Seven rabbits weighing about 2 kg were used. Corticotomy was performed on the mandibular body anterior to the right first premolar region and unilateral external fixation device was placed. Every effort was made to preserve the inferior alveolar nerve during the corticotomy. The rabbits were then allowed to heal for 7 days without distraction of the device. The mandible was lengthened 0.36 mm/day, 0.76 mm/day, or 1.0 mm/day. Corticotomy and lengthening of mandible were not performed in control group. After the completion of the lengthening process, a 14-day-consolidation period was allowed. After consolidation, rabbits were sacrificed, and histologic examination of the inferior alveolar nerve was performed. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In the control group, normal trifascicular pattern of inferior alveolar nerve was observed. Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium, and axon with myelin sheath were observed in normal appearance. 2. In 0.36 mm/day distraction group, the trifascicular pattern was normally shown, and there was no destruction in epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. The mild changes including myelin attenuation, axoplasmic swelling and darkening were observed. 3. In 0.72 mm/day distraction group, it was possible to differentiate the epineurium from the perineurium. Two normal fascicles and one injuried fascicle were observed with a partially destructed perineurium. Most of the axons had axoplasmic swelling and darkening. 4. In 1 mm/day distraction group, it was difficult to differentiate the nerve structures such as fascicles, epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. The axons were severely destroyed, except few which showed decreases in size and changes in shape. Some collagen matrices were observed around the axons. These results suggest that the higher the distraction amount, the more severe the injury to the inferior alveolar nerve, fascicles, axons. Although distraction osteogenesis may be useful, the amount of distraction should be carefully selected.