• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.576-581
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• 2005

In this paper. the a-Si:H TFT using ferroelectric of $SrTiO_3$ as a gate insulator is fabricated on glass. High k gate dielectric is required for on-current, threshold voltage and breakdown characteristics of TFT Dielectric characteristics of ferroelectric are superior to $SiO_2$ and $Si_3N_4$. Ferroelectric increases on-current and decreases threshold voltage of TFT and also ran improve breakdown characteristics.$SrTiO_4$ thin film is deposited by e-beam evaporation. Deposited films are annealed for 1 hour in N2 ambient at $150^{\circ}C\~600^{\circ}C$. Dielectric constant of ferroelectric is about 60-100 and breakdown field is about IMV/cm. In this paper, the TFT using ferroelectric consisted of double layer gate insulator to minimize the leakage current. a-SiN:H, a-Si:H (n-type a-Si:H) are deposited onto $SrTiO_3$ film to make MFNS(Metal/ferroelectric/a-SiN:H/a-Si:H) by PECVD. In this paper, TFR using ferroelectric has channel length of$8~20{\mu}m$ and channel width of $80~200{\mu}m$. And it shows that drain current is $3.4{\mu}A$at 20 gate voltage, $I_{on}/I_{off}$ is a ratio of $10^5\~10^8,\;and\;V_{th}$ is$4\~5\;volts$, respectively. In the case of TFT without having ferroelectric, it indicates that the drain current is $1.5{\mu}A$ at 20gate voltage and $V_{th}$ is $5\~6$ volts. If properties of the ferroelectric thin film are improved, the performance of TFT using this ferroelectric thin film can be advanced.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 1976

Amongst varieties of clinical nursing role, the administration of medication is often highlighted as of prime importance. In order to attain data for the improvement of teaching strategies of medication, diagnostic evaluation of the knowledge level is a necessity. This study was performed from August through December 1975. 449 registered nurses, randomly sampled from general hospitals:16 of Seoul and 7 of Taegu and Pusan, were tested through 54 test questionaries based on 4 practical dimensions of administration of medication. Results are as follows ; 1. Status of respondents: Length of clinical experiences; the average length revealed to be 2 years and 7 months, 72% revealed to have had less than 3 years of experience; 38.6%-less than 1 year, 19 .2%-over 1 year and less than 2 years, and 14, 2%-over 2 years and less than 3 years. Type of Nursing education received ; 9.4% revealed to have graduated technical high school of nursing, 67.5o/o the 3 year diploma school and 21, 7% the baccalaureate degree program. The knowledge Level; Degree of self-satisfaction on knowledge level revealed that;27, 4% responded to "more or less satisfied", 48.8% "more or less un-satisfied" and 19.8% to "not satisfied". The average level of basic knowledge revealed to be moderate by 66.95 points. The level of knowledge of 4 questionnaire categories revealed that; drug action category by average of 66.5 points, methodology category by 65.4 Points, safety measure category by 71.4 points and terminology and concepts category by 64.6 points, Questionnaire items which revealed high points are of;6 of drug action category, 4 of methodology, 4 of safety measure, and 3 of terminology. The items of low points are: 8 of drug action, 3 of methodology, 3 of safety measure and 5 of terminolology categories. 3. The type of nursing education revealed to have no significant influence on the level of knowledge on the administration of medication. 4. The length of clinical experience revealed to have no significant influence on the level of knowledge. 5. 75. l% responded that the actual practice of medication modes are "similar" to that included in the fundamentals of nursing course. 6. In-service education on medication; 54.0% revealed to have some incidental in-service education on medication while 34.0% receive programmed in- service education. 61.8% revealed to have expressed the need of systemic In-service education as one of the means for improvement of medication. 32.7% revealed to obtain information concerning medicine by reading commercial publications on drug package, while only 20.9% by reading specific information channel.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.2 no.2 s.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 1998

This paper describes a l0b CMOS A/D converter (ADC) for HDTV applications. The proposed ADC adopts a typical multi-step pipelined architecture. The proposed circuit design techniques are as fo1lows: A selective channel-length adjustment technique for a bias circuit minimizes the mismatch of the bias current due to the short channel effect by supply voltage variations. A power reduction technique for a high-speed two-stage operational amplifier decreases the power consumption of amplifiers with wide bandwidths by turning on and off bias currents in the suggested sequence. A typical capacitor scaling technique optimizes the chip area and power dissipation of the ADC. The proposed ADC is designed and fabricated in s 0.8 um double-poly double-metal n-well CMOS technology. The measured differential and integral nonlinearities of the prototype ADC show less than ${\pm}0.6LSB\;and\;{\pm}2.0LSB$, respectively. The typical ADC power consumption is 119 mW at 3 V with a 40 MHz sampling rate, and 320 mW at 5 V with a 50 MHz sampling rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.537-541
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• 2003

The a-Si:H TFTs using ferroelectric of SrTiO$_3$, as a gate insulator is fabricated on glass. Dielectric characteristics of ferroelectric is better than SiO$_2$, SiN. Ferroelectric increases ON-current, decreases threshold voltage of TFT and also breakdown characteristics. The a-Si:H deposited by PECVD shows absorption band peaks at wavenumber 2,000 $cm^{-1}$ /, 635 $cm^{-1}$ / and 876 $cm^{-1}$ / according to FTIR measurement. Wavenumber 2,000 $cm^{-1}$ /, 635 $cm^{-1}$ / are caused by stretching and rocking mode SiH1. The wavenumber of weaker band, 876 $cm^{-1}$ / is due to SiH$_2$ vibration mode. The a-SiN:H has optical bandgap of 2.61 eV, refractive index of 1.8 - 2.0 and resistivity of 10$^{11}$ - 10$^{15}$ aim respectively. Insulating characteristics of ferroelectric is excellent because dielectric constant of ferroelectric is about 60 - 100 and breakdown strength is over 1 MV/cm. TFT using ferroelectric has channel length of 8 - 20 $\mu$m and channel width of 80 - 200 $\mu$m. And it shows drain current of 3 $\mu$A at 20 gate voltages, Ion/Ioff ratio of 10$^{5}$ - 10$^{6}$ and Vth of 4 - 5 volts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.73-88
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• 2000

A series of analysis and experiment on the fishing gear and method of the existing midwater pair trawl net with 12,800mm of maximum mesh size is carried out to determine the most effective shape factor. As the first step of this study, the fishing gear and method for the existing net are analyzed to solve problems, such as being low of the net height by increasing the towing speed, twist of net pendant and twine, suspension of float between knots of mesh. etc. Standing on these results, the existing net are modified by very effective shape based on the theory and technology designing the fishing gear. Also, the model experiment is carried out to determine the most effective shape factor of the modified net in the circulation water channel. The obtained results can be summarized as follows : 1. On the length of net pendants(No.2 and No.3) connected with side line, opening efficiency of net with length 8.0cm of net pendant is the greatest and in the order of 11.5cm, 15.0cm. 2. On the number of the net pendant, opening efficiency of net with 4 lines of net pendant is the greatest and in the order of 3 lines, 2 lines. Center part of side panel is pushed out backward, and the pushed length is increasing by increasing flow speed. 3. On the sinking force, opening efficiency of the net is increasing by increasing sinking force. And opening efficiency shows almost the same when sinking force is greater about 1.5 times than that of the existing net in case of the net with 3 lines of net pendant, and about 1.6 ~ 1.7 times than that of the existing net in case of the net with 2 lines.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1984

The horn fish, Hemiramphus sajori TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL, is widely distributed in the coastal waters of Korea, Japan and Taiwan. On April 13, 1983, mature adults of the horn fish were collected from Changson channel, Namhae. The authors carried out artificial insemination on the field, and incubated the eggs and reared larvae in the laboratory. And these larvae were reared for about two weeks in glass jars, fed brine shrimp nauplii. The eggs of this species are demersal and adhesive, with 4 to 6 filaments at the animal pole and a filament at the vegetal pole. The diameter of these eggs varies 1.80 to 2.00 mm. The hatching took place in ca. 376 hours after fertilization. During the incubation period water temperature fluctuated between $13.5^{\circ}C\;and\;20.0^{\circ}C$. The newly hatched larvae were elongate in shape $7.40{\sim}8.00$ mm in total length with $40+16{\sim}17=56{\sim}57$ myomers. Many melanophore were distributed on the head, both sides of dorsal body contour, peritoneum and ventral line of the tail part. Four days after hatching, the larvae were from 9.00 to 9.65 mm in total length, at this tims the larvae absorbed the yolk completely, and became postlarvae. Fourteen days after hatching, the larvae attained 13.25 mm in total length, with 14 rays of the dorsal fin, 13 rays of the anal fin, and 4 rays of pectoral fin. The lower jaw has somewhat projected.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.2B
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• pp.98-106
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• 2006

In order to provide a realtime transmission over a wireless LAM, we here present a new jamming based retransmission mechanism. In a legacy wireless LAN system, all stations use the binary exponential backoff algorithm to avoid collisions among frames. It is well known that the backoff algorithm causes more collisions as the numbers of active stations increases. This makes transmission of real time traffic hard. In the proposed scheme, when each station senses collisions, it promptly allows to send a jamming signal during a unique jamming window period which is determined by its own channel access count database(CACDB). This jamming windows is chosen not to be overlapped each other by using of CACDB, and thus channel access of another station is prevented. Hereafter the station gets the ownership of the medium when the wireless medium becomes idle after sending the jamming signal and sensing carrier, and then sends frame in medium. In our proposal, repeating collisions is never happened. We here assume that real time traffic use a frame of fixed length in order to make the time for receiving its ACK frame same. Comparing the proposed jamming-based retransmission scheme with the the 802.11 and 802.11e MAC by simulation. one can find that the proposed scheme have advantages in terms of delay, average backoff time, and average number of collisions per frame. One can find that the proposed scheme might be practically applicable to several applications of realtime traffic transmission in wireless LAN systems.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.83-91
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• 2019

Purpose - Media is a significant distributional channel in sport. In terms of determining the influencer in building sport media contents, recent sport media studies have employed agenda-setting theory, assuming media itself as the agenda provider. In a real-world situation, however, sports stars have been deemed key factor determining distribution contents in sport. The starting point of this study is the "tacit premise" of agenda-setting theory. Given the agenda-setting theory, the current study attempted to explore the function of sport stars as an agenda provider, which is a key determinant of sport distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - This study has reviewed articles of Yuna Kim, Sang-hwa Lee, and Hyun-jin Ryu from daily newspapers including as dong-a ilbo and joongang ilbo (2013 to 2017). The study collected data, portable document format (PDF), from the online archive of dong-a ilbo and joongang ilbo. We coded the length of the article, the frequency, the size of the picture, and the structural form of the article. Inter-coder reliability was compared with data previously investigated by the researcher. Inter-coder reliabilities for study 1 and 2 was .89 and .85. To examine hypotheses, descriptive analysis, correlations, and cross-tap analysis were performed. Results - The results partially supported the hypotheses proposing the significant role of sports stars as the agenda setters in distributing sport media contents. In specific, the study found that the number of articles about sports stars prevailed the number of articles about regular athletes. Besides, studies found that the use of photos was more frequent in articles of sports starts than that of regular athletes. In sports newspaper articles, featured story articles were used more than straight-articles for news relating to sports stars. Also, sports newspaper of sports stars contained more information associated within an event rather than outside of an event. Conclusions - In sports journalism, this study challenges the current theory that the media affects the composition and the content of sports coverages. As the principle of the agenda-setting of sports media, the influence of sports stars must be continuously studied along with a follow-up study.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.805-813
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• 2003

cDNA encoding somatolactin (SL) was obtained by RT-PCR from pituitary glands of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). The full length cDNA of rock bream somatolactin (rbSL) is 1636 bp long. It contains a 696 bp open reading frame encoding a signal peptide of 24 amino acids (an) and a mature protein of 207 aa. rbSL has seven cysteine residues$(Cys^{5},\; Cys^{15},\; Cys^{42},\; Cys^{65},\; Cys^{181},\; Cys^{198}\; $and $Cys^{206})$ and two potential N-glycosylation sites at positions $Asn^{121}$and $Asn^{153}$. The rbSL shares 61.1∼92.6% amino acid sequence similarities and 63∼92.6% nucleotide sequence identities with other teleost SLs, except for goldfish and channel catfish SL. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that rbSL has four conserved domains $(A_{SL},\; B_{SL},\; C_{SL}and\; D_{SL})$ common to all SLs. Out of these domains, $(A_{SL},\; B_{SL},\; C_{SL}and\; D_{SL})$, are also conserved in all teleost growth hormones and prolactins. The cDNA of rbSL has been cloned into pET expression vector in order to produce recombinant rbSL in E. coli BL2l(DE3) cells. The recombinant protein showed a molecular weight of 27 kDa in SDS-PAGE.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 1997

This paper presents an analysis of a hybrid direct-sequence/slow frequency hopped code division multiple access(DS/SFH-CDMA) system employing noncoherent M-ary frequency shift keying(MFSK) modulation in a multiple m-distribution fading environment. Multipath interfer- ence(MPI) and multiuser interference(MUI) is taken into accout and the spectral efficiency is calculated for uncoded as well as simple channel coding systems. The predetection multipath CCI canceller in conjunction with convolution coding is employed for improving the bit error rate(BER) performance. The BER of noncoherent hybrid system is obtained using a Gaussian interference approximation. From the results, we know that the error performance more deteriorates as the depth of fading becomes deeper. The DS part of the modulation combats the multipath interference, whereas the FH part is a predetection against large multiuser interference. It is shown that, for the con- sidered types of a channel coding, the use of a predetection coding is still essential for obtained a satisfactory bit error performance. The results show that the capacity of the DS/SFG-CDMA MFSK communication system increases in proportion to the length of PN code sequence in the presence of AWGN and MUI. In m-distribution fading environment the capacity increases in proportion to the fading index. The capacity is increased and error performance is improved when the CCI Canceller and Convolution code technique are adopted, respectively. From the results, it is known that the error performance of $4\times10^{-2}$ by adopting Canceller technique. Also convolutional coding technique is the improvement of error performance attains about $10^{-5}$ in code rate 1/2.