• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.195-197
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• 2007

Nowadays, the disabled are increasing because of industrial injuries and traffic accidents. The attention of the disabled is flourishing along with growing concerns about social participation of tile disabled. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interior design factors for the disabled in public libraries. Four public libraries in seoul since 2000 were investigated. The findings of this study are as follows: The legal items are adequate. But many recommended items are inadequate. Generally, moving facilities are adequate, but direction and refuge facilities are inadequate. Cubicle and lending table are inaccessible for the disabled.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.5-23
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to explore ways to imporve bookmobile operations by investigating bookmobiles' operating status and users' behavior in DaeJeon City. Concerning the bookmobiles operated in 32 areas of DaeJeon City, the suitability of visiting area and staying hours, the correlation between users' circumstances and lending aspects, the effects of bookloan shop in the same area, etc. are analyzed, and for the improvement of bookmobile operations, the utilization of volunteers, the connection with the main libraries' collection, the development of service programs, the strengthening of publicity activities, etc. are proposed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.39-50
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• 2021

We investigate competition and its impact on borrowers' indebtedness (BI) in South Asian microfinance. Our empirical investigations are based on a comprehensive panel dataset of 355 MFIs located in seven countries in South Asia. The empirical results revealed that microfinance in South Asia is imperfectly competitive and the existing industry shows a monopolistic competition during the period under consideration. Also, the competition increased after the global financial crisis (GFC) in 2007-08 which implies that microfinance uses hostile lending behavior through the adverse selection that is highly risky and it can induce repayment crisis. The empirical findings also show that increased competition has significant negative effects on borrowers' indebtedness, particularly in large-scale and regulated microfinance organizations (MFIs). Instead of using equity financing, debt financing could be a better option. Finally, we find that while competition seems to have some positive effects in economic discourse by channeling technological improvements in products and services, its negative effects in microfinance outweigh the benefits over costs, particularly in poverty-stricken nations. The findings are helpful for the policymakers, microfinance industry, investors, borrowers, and Central Bank of South Asian markets.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.45-65
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper is to analyze the system and the models of financial analysis in the assessment of economic consistency and the creditability of borrower. To test the process of complex express-analysis, it is utilized by the concentric matrix models by using the matrix of 5×5.. Research design, data, and methodology - The estimation of economic consistency, the creditworthiness, the complex express-analysis with application of concentric matrix models were carried out on the basis of data of the report for the 2017 of corporations POSCO and in the first half of the 2018 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering of South Korea. Results - This paper focused on the unbalance of the corporate financial structure (capital, receivable) and the assessment of sustainability development, taking into account the liquidity, solvency, financial sustainability and economic viability of the enterprise. Conclusions - this paper also consider the theoretical means of regulating receivables. The material is presented in the pedagogical context and appendix of the conclusion.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.105-123
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• 2020

This study analyzes the risk selection behavior of Japanese households. The study approaches the view of 'the hyperbolic discount' which is used in behavioral economics based on the rise in mortgage lending by low-income households in the late 2000s. The study focuses on how households risk preferences vary by income levels. The study analyzes the relationship of attitude of household interest rate risk using Binomial Logistic and Heckman two-step estimation method assuming that there are only two types of Adjustable-Rate Mortgage and Fixed-Rate Mortgage. As a result of the empirical analysis, low-income households annual income tend to have a higher proportion of housing debt as same as higher interest rate risk preferences households in proportion to income growth and interest rate risk preferences. Those results indicate that there is possibility of a hyperbolic discount on low-income households in Japan, and support the hypothesis that low-income households are relatively higher household debt ratio because of high utility due to home purchase in the near future (short-term).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.261-272
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• 2022

This study examined the association between key audit matters (KAM) and the cost of debt. Financial records and auditors' reports were used to collect data for the fiscal years 2016 and 2017, which were the first two years after KAM was implemented in Thailand. Samples are listed companies in Thailand, where the financial system is primarily debt-based and external auditors play an important role in maintaining financial reporting quality. The final samples for the two-year period consist of 770 observations. The KAM is measured in three aspects: the number of issues, the number of words, and the readability, while the cost of debt is measured by the ratio of interest expense to total debt. The research finds that the KAM readability is significantly and negatively related to the cost of debt. Meanwhile, the number of issues and words have no significant effect on the cost of debt. The finding suggests that auditors' writing skills play a crucial role in the lending decisions of creditors.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1015-1022
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• 2009

Currently, Korean real estate market has experienced cooling down of the business because of the global economic crisis which resulted from the subprime mortgage lending practice. In response, the Korean government has enforced various policies at the base of deregulating real estate speculation, such as increasing Loan to value ratio (LTV) in order to stimulate housing demand and supply. However, these policies seemed to result in deep confusion in the Korean housing market. Furthermore, analysis for housing market forecasting, especially international financial crisis on Korean real estate market, has been partial and fragmentary, therefore comprehensive solution and systematical approach is required to analyze the real estate and real estate financial market including causal nexus between market determining factors. In an integrated point of view, applying the system dynamics modeling, the paper aims at proposing Korean Real Estate and Mortgage market dynamics models based on fundamental principles of housing market determined by supply and demand. We also find the impact of deregulation policies focusing on mortgage loan which is the main factors of policies.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.755-764
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• 2007

This study examines secondary school science teachers' use of science museums in their teaching and their perception/evaluation/utilization of the educational programs in Korean science museums. We found that teachers do not use science museums in close connection with their formal education; therefore, the students' experiences usually are minimal or are personal experiences. The main reason for this infrequent use of science museums is not because of their insignificant educational effects, but because of the lack of external and administrative support systems. Science teachers want the museums to have structured/organized programs such as science camps or experiments and a lending program which would provide experimental equipment and exhibits relevant to the school science curriculum. 90% of teachers who answered the survey wanted to participate in developing and managing the educational programs of science museums. The educational programs would be used more effectively in relation to formal science learning if the science teachers, who are science education professionals, participated in managing and planning the educational programs of science museums.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-27
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• 2007

When banks prefer securities holding to lending, bank-dependent borrowers would be rationed in bank loan markets. This paper examines, both theoretically and empirically, the incentive of banks to hold securities rather than loans. When banks are in trouble due to an external shock and subsequent drain of deposit, they cannot reduce their loans quickly because loans are illiquid and are not easy to sell. Therefore, banks should respond to insured deposit drain by raising uninsured CDs or debentures. However, they cannot raise enough money through uninsured CDs or debentures when there is costly external finance premium. Meanwhile, if banks hold securities which are highly liquid, they can sell those securities and thus endure deposit drain without costly external financing. This explains why banks hold liquid securities of which yields to maturity are lower than those of loans. Banks' preference for securities comes from the existence of costly external finance premium, which is inversely related with bank net worth. After all, if bank net worth is kept high enough or capital market incompleteness is not severe, the preference for securities should be weakened.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.484-493
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• 2001

As real-time database systems are extended to the distributed computing environment, the need to apply the existing real-time concurrency control schemes to the distributed computing environment has been made. In this paper we propose an efficient concurrency control scheme for distributed real-time database system. Our proposed scheme guarantees a transaction to commit at its maximum, reduces the restart of a transaction that is on the prepared commit phase, and minimizes the time of the lock holding. This is because it raises the priority of the transaction that is on the prepared commit phase in the distributed real-time computing environment. In addition, it reduces the waiting time of a transaction that owns borrowed data and improves the performance of the system, as a result of lending the data that the transaction with the raised priority holds. We compare the proposed scheme with DO2PL_PA(Distributed Optimistic Two-Phase Locking) and MIRROR(Managing Isolation in Replicated Real-time Object Repositories) protocol in terms of the arrival rate of transactions, the size of transactions, the write probability of transactions, and the replication degree of data in a firm-deadline real-time database system based on two-phase commit protocol. It is shown through the performance evaluation that our scheme outperforms the existing schemes.