• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 1993

The seasonal changes of symbiotic nitrogen-fixation activity and environmental factors of autumn olive plant (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.), which is an important constituent species of temperate vegetation and a non-leguminous root nodule plant interacting with Frankia sp., were quantitatively analyzed inthe natural vegetations during hegrowing period. The acetylene redution April and showed two peaks of 133 and $145{\mu}M\;C_2H_4\;{\cdot}\;gfw^{-1}\;{\cdot}\;hr^{-1}$ in early June and mid September. The nitrogenase activity decreased to 10~30% during hot dry summer frommid June to the end of August, and disappeared during the dormant period of winter. The optimum rhizoshere. diurnal change showed the maximum activity in the mid-day and the minimum in the mid-night. The average contents of total nitrogen in each organ changed in the ranges of 42.5~40.1, 40.2~36.3, 30.3~28.6 and 18.4~16.2mgN $gdw^{-1}$ for nodule, leaf, root, and stem, respectively. The soil conditions of rhizosphere were weak acidic, ad seasonal variations of $NO_3^--N,\;NH_4^+-N,\;PO_4^{3-}-P$ and water contents were in the ranges of 48.3~79.5ppm,5.1~13.9ppm, 4.4~$9.9{\mu}M$ and 14.5~39.4%, respectively.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.129-160
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• 2019

Background: Characterizing and describing soils and land use and make a suggestion for sustainable utilization of land resources in the Ethiopian Rift valley flat plain areas of Lake Chamo Sub-Basin (CSB) are essential. Objectives: To (1) characterize soils of experimental area according to World Reference Base Legend and assess the nature and extent of salinity problems; (2) characterize land use systems and their role in soil properties; and (3) identify best land use practices used for both environmental management and improve agricultural productivity. Methods: Twelve randomly collected soil samples were prepared from the above land uses into 120 composites and analyzed. Results: Organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) were varied along different land uses and depleted from the surface soils. The soil units include Chernozems (41.67%), Kastanozems (25%), Solonchaks (16.67%), and Cambisols (16.67%). The identified land uses are annual crops (AA), perennial crops (PA), and natural forest (NF). Generally, organic carbon, total nitrogen, percentage base saturation (PBS), exchangeable (potassium, calcium, and magnesium), available phosphorus (P₂O₅), manganese, copper, and iron contents were decreased in cultivated soils. Soil salinity problem was observed in annuals. Annuals have less nutrient content compared to perennials in irrigated agriculture while it is greater in annuals under rainfed. Clay, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium (K₂O) contents were correlated positively and highly significantly with organic carbon and electrical conductivity. Conclusion: Management practices that improve soil quality should be integrated with leguminous crops when the land is used for annual crops production.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.8
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• pp.59-64
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• 1990

Wild plants which have potential availability as pasture plants were collected from around Kyungpook province. Plants collected were cultivated in the university farm and their characteristics were investigated and recorded. Seeds of pasture plant resources collected were selected, weighed for 1,000 grains, packaged and stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Species of collected were as follows. Gramineous plants are Cymbopogon totilis var, goeringii Hand Mazz, Pennisetum akioecyriudes L., Dactylis glomerata L., Agropyron tsukushience var transiens Ohwi, Arundinella hirta Tanaka, Themeda triandra var., japonica Makino, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Setaria virides L., Digitaria sanguinalis L., Imperata cylindrica var. Koenigii Retz, Cynodon dactylon Pers, Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea Wight, and Avena fatua L., and leguminous plants are Vicia angustrifolia var. segetilis Koch, Kummerowia stipulacea Makino, Kummerowia striata Schindl, Trifolium repens L., Melilotus officinalish L., and Astragalus sinicus L..

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.35-50
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• 2022

In this review, the compositions of the sex pheromones of 22 lepidopteran species were analyzed and briefly arranged by comparing the research results conducted in different locations worldwide. These compositions can be used as monitoring tools for pests of rice, maize, leguminous crops, perilla, and sesame in Korea. The sex pheromone compounds and those compositions of four species were successfully identified within Korean populations. The optimal compositions of sex pheromones of three other species were selected through behavioral studies using synthetic chemicals of the known pheromone compounds in laboratories and fields, without chemical identification processes in the sex pheromone compounds of Korean populations. For a few species, the roles of the minor components of the sex pheromone volatiles should be re-assessed for use in the development of optimal monitoring lures.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2004

Two genes, SinIFS1 and SinIFS2 from Korean soybean cultivar, Sinpaldalkong known as one of isoflavonerich cultivars, were cloned with PCR and degenerate primers. The sequences of two genes were analyzed with previously reported IFS genes of leguminous plants and their expression pattern in various environmental conditions was surveyed. The genomic clone of SinIFS1 contained 1,828bp nucleotides and encoded a polypeptide of 521 amino acids, and 1912bp nucleotides and a polypeptide of 521 amino acids for SinIFS2. Both genes included several conserved motifs, oxygen binding and activation (A/G-G-X-E/D-T-T/S), ERR triad (E...R....R), and heme binding (F-X-X-G-X-R-X-C-X-G) domain, which are typical in any member of cytochrome P45O superfamily. Very high sequence homology (>98%) was observed in the comparison with other IFSs of legumes. In the northern blot analysis to check the expression and increase of SinIFS1 to various environmental renditions (low temperature, light, dark, UV, and fungal elicitor), the most significant induction, more than 6 times of transcript level compared to the dark treatment as a control, was observed from the fungal elicitor treatment. The next up-regulated expression was from UV treatment (4${\times}$), low temperature and light conditions.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2010

Vicia angustifolia L. is native plant of winter annual leguminous weed in Korea. Objective of this research was to investigate the effects of V. angustifolia as green manure for rice production in sustainable agriculture. Seed size of V. angustifolia was smaller than that hairy vetch as control plant, while seed number in same amount was approximately 1.4-fold higher. V. angustifolia started stem elongation in early April. In addition, flowering and dead-ripe stages of the plant reached at May $5^{th}$ and June $1^{st}$, respectively. Growth of V. angustifolia-barley mixed cropping system in upland was promoted up to 101 cm of plant length compared to 46.6 to 60.9 cm that grown in paddy. Biomass yield of V. angustifolia was 14.5 kg $ha^{-1}$ in single cropping system of paddy soil, and the amount of nitrogen was 65 kg $ha^{-1}$. Moreover, self-reseedling of fallen seed from V. angustifolia grown in previous year in paddy soil was significantly higher than that hairy vetch plant. These results suggested that V. angustifolia can be uses as green manure in addition to reducing the mineral fertilizer application in rice production for sustainable agriculture.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2016

Subtropical insect pests expand their habitats by migration to temperate zones along with global climate change. A subtropical insect pest, Maruca vitrata, is infesting leguminous crops including azuka beans in Korea and gives significant economic damages. Its great genetic variation raised an issue of the origin of a Korean M. vitrata population. To understand the genetic character of the Korean population, its cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox 1) gene was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed with other regional populations. The world populations of M. vitrata were grouped into three clusters: Asia-African, American, and Oceanian. The Korean population was classified into Asia-African cluster. To characterize the insecticide susceptibility of the Korean population, seven different insecticides (4 neutoxic insecticides, 1 insect growth regulator, 2 biopesticides) were assessed. Young larvae of M. vitrata were relatively susceptible to all tested insecticides. However, old larvae were much less susceptible than young larvae. No test insecticides effectively (> 50%) killed the old larvae of M. vitrata within 7 days.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 1987

Samples showing mosaic symptom of cowpea (Vigna sesquipedalis) with vein banding, chlorotic spot, vein yellow were collected from Chinju areas in Korea, Two viruses were distinguishable by stability in sap, host range, and relations with cells and tissues were examined under an electron microscope, Blackeye cowpea mosaic(BICMV) was sap-transmissible to 7 plant species in 2 families, Of the plants, only leguminous species were systemically infected. This virus was inactivated by heating at $50-65^{\circ}C$ for 10 min, by diluting at $10^{-4}-10^{-5}$, and aging at room temperature for 1-6 days. Preparations examined under the electron microscope by direct negative staining method(DN -method) always showed particles of flexuous filament bout 750nm in length and cytopasmic inclusions. Cytoplasmic inclusions and virus particles were also confirmed to present in the cytoplasm of a mesophyll cell by ultrathin sections of BICMV infected cowpea leaves. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was transmitted by sap- inoculation on inoculated leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa producing local lesions, but non-inoculated upper leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa, Cucurbita pepo and Vigna sesquipedalis producting systemic mosaic symptoms. Electron microscopic examination of virus preparation by direct negative staining showed spherical particles of about 30nm in diameter. In ultrathin sections of CMV infected tissues, virus particles of crystalline array were found in the vacuole and a large number of virus particles were found in the cytoplasm and the plasmodesmata of mesophyll cells.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.217-223
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• 2013

Pueraria lobata, a medicinally important leguminous plant produces various isoflavones including puerarin, daidzin and daidzein which are metabolized to equol via dihydrodaidzein and tetrahydrodaidzein by the bacterial fermentation of natural isoflavone sources in human intestines. In this study, we described callus proliferation and isoflavone production in callus of Korean wild arrowroot and dihydrodaidzein biosynthesis in callus extract fermented with Pediococcus pentosaceus. Proliferation was the best at callus cultured in the medium containing 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 1.0 mg/L NAA at light condition for 12 days. Puerarin was significantly more produced at callus cultured in the medium containing 2.0 mg/L kinetin and 1.0 mg/L NAA at dark condition for 16 days, but daidzin and daidzein were not significant. Callus extract was successfully fermented with P. pentosaceus and dihydrodaidzein, which is one of equol precursors formed by biotransformation, was confirmed to be produced. These results will facilitate mass production of callus and isoflavones as equol precursors from Korean wild arrowroot and can be applied for the production of equol by biotransformation in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to verify the responses of major crop species to saline stress.To determine the saline tolerance of crop species, sevral crop species were cultivated under sand-culture system using Hoagland's nutrient solution whit 200mM NaCl. The crop species showing saline tolerance were cotton(Gossypium indicum), maize(Zea mays), barely(Hordeum vulgare), and wheat(Triticum aestivum) but perilla (Perilla frutescens) and leguminous crops, mung bean(Phaseolus radiatus), azuki bean(Phaseolus angularis) and soy bean(Glycin max) showed very por tolerance. One the typical symptom was the darkening of leaf color due to increase of chlorophyll concentration.Among of the plant families, Fabaceae was the most susceptible but crop species belonging to Poaceae were more proper for cultivating on reclaimed tidal land in the course of desalinazation. It was suggrsted that the crop species belonging to Fabaceae, a sensitive family to soil salinity, must be cultivated when the soil salinity decreased below 10ds/m. To know the critical salinity level for crop growth,salinity of saline soil collected from reclaimed tidal land was adjusted from 10.0ds/m tp41.7ds/m with tap water. It was suggested that the ECs of the soil in which the plant height of each crop spicies was reduced to 50% of control plant were 22.6 and 21.7 ds/m in rice, barley, corn, mung bean, and soy bean,respectively.