• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.719-725
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to study the requirement of calcium (Ca) and non-phytin phosphorus (NPP) in commercial broilers during starter phase. Seven hundred and twenty day-old Vencob male broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 144 stainless steel battery brooders, 5 birds in each. Four levels each of Ca (6, 7, 8, and 9 g/kg) and NPP (3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 g/kg diet) were fed in a factorial design in a corn-soya basal diet. Levels of dicalcium phosphate and oyster shell grit were adjusted to obtain the desired levels of Ca and NPP. Each diet was fed ad libidum to chicks in 9 battery brooders from one d to 21 d of age. Body weight gain and feed intake were depressed (p<0.01) by increasing the dietary Ca level (8 and 9 g/kg) at lower levels of NPP (3 and 3.5 g/kg diet). The growth depression observed at lower NPP level was alleviated by reducing the Ca content to 6 g/kg diet. The tibia ash content and tibia breaking strength increased with increase in both Ca (>6 g/kg) and NPP (>3 g/kg) levels. The leg abnormality score decreased (p<0.01) with increase in NPP content in the diet at all levels of Ca tested. The serum Ca and inorganic P levels were increased with increase in the level of the respective mineral in the diet, but the serum concentration of Ca and P were inversely related to the level of NPP and Ca, respectively /kg diet. In general, the excretion of macro minerals (Ca, and P), and micro minerals {zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu)} was significantly lower at lower levels of Ca and NPP tested (6 and 3 g/kg diet, respectively). The mineral excretion increased with increase in dietary Ca and NPP levels, more conspicuously at the disproportionate ratio of these minerals (>2:1, Ca and NPP). Similarly, the retention of Zn, Mn, and Fe in liver was significantly higher (p<0.01) at lower levels of Ca and NPP tested. Results from this study indicate that the commercial broilers do not require more than 3 g NPP and 6g Ca/kg diet during starter phase (up to 21 d of age) for optimum weight gain, feed efficiency and utilization of Ca, P, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu. However, the requirements of these minerals for optimum bone mineralization were higher than the levels suggested above.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1299-1304
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to study the production performance of broiler breeder females (25 to 40 weeks of age) fed either reference diet or low non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diet with or without microbial phytase (500 FYT/kg) supplementation. A weighed (160 g/b/d) quantity of feed from each diet was offered daily to 40 replicates of one bird each housed in California type cage having individual feeders. Each cage was considered as a replicate. A continuous 16-h light per day was provided using incandescent bulbs. Body weight, egg production, egg weight, feed per egg mass, egg specific gravity, egg breaking strength, shell thickness, tibia ash and serum Ca and protein concentrations were not affected by reducing the NPP level from 0.30 to 0.18% in the broiler breeder diet. Supplementation of phytase (500 FYT/kg) enzyme to the diet containing 0.18% NPP had no added advantage on any of the above production parameters. The serum inorganic P was increased significantly (p<0.05) by either enhancing the NPP content from 0.18 to 0.30% or supplementing phytase @500 FYT/kg to the diet containing low P which were found comparable. Retention of Ca and P was positive on all the diets. P retention decreased significantly (p<0.05) with either increase in NPP content or phytase supplementation in the diet. Neither NPP nor phytase supplementation influenced bone mineralization in terms of tibia ash and strength. The hatchability was not influenced by either increasing the NPP content or supplementing the enzyme phytase. Similarly, the P concentration in the egg yolk and day old chick, day old and 14th day body weight and leg score was not altered by increasing the level of NPP or supplementing phytase enzyme. The mortality was within the normal limits in all the three dietary groups. Thus, it can be concluded that 0.18% NPP (288 mg NPP intake/b/d) in the broiler breeder' diet is adequate in sustaining the optimum performance from 25 to 40 wks of age. Enhancing the NPP content or supplementation of phytase (500 FYT/kg diet) to diet containing 0.18% NPP had no added advantage on performance.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5789-5796
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• 2011

본 연구는 왼쪽 하퇴삼두근의 원심성 운동으로 인한 지연성 근통증에서 진동훈련의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이전에 규칙적인 하지 운동에 참여하지 않은 21명의 신체 건강한 남녀를 대상으로 진동훈련군과 대조군으로 나누었다. 통증척도, 발목 족저굴근의 근력, 하퇴삼두근의 둘레, 혈중 CK 수치를 원심성 운동전, 24시간, 48시간, 72시간 후에 측정하였다. 통증척도는 지연성 근통증 유발 후 48시 시점에 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보였고, 측정시기에 따라 집단 내 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 족저굴근의 근력은 진동훈련 집단 간의 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 측정시기에 따라 집단 내 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 하퇴삼두근 둘레는 진동훈련 집단 간 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 측정시기에 따라 집단 내 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 혈중 CK 수치는 진동훈련 집단 간에 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 측정시기에 따라 집단 내 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 본 연구결과로 원심성 운동 전 진동훈련은 통증을 억제하는 효과가 있으므로 익숙하지 않은 활동을 하거나, 스포츠 활동에서의 지연성 근통증을 예방하기 위한 한 방법으로 제시될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.237-250
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 넘어짐 예방 운동이 여성노인의 체력, 자세, 낙상효능감에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 연구 대상은 65세 이상의 여성노인 30명을 대상으로 하였으며, 그 중 14명은 운동집단, 16명은 비교 집단으로 하였다. 넘어짐 예방운동 프로그램은 탄성밴드를 이용한 다방향 근력 근지구력, 파워 운동, 자세 정렬 운동과 한국무용 동작을 접목한 다방향 동적균형, 협응력 운동으로 구분하였고 총 12주간, 주 2회, 각 60분으로 진행하였다. 운동 프로그램 전후의 체력, 자세, 낙상 효능감을 측정하여 비교하였다. 연구 결과 운동 집단은 악력을 제외한 근지구력, 심폐지구력, 유연성, 평형성, 협응력에서 유의하게 증가하였고, 자세는 상체 기울기를 제외한 어깨 기울기, 견갑골 기울기, 골반 기울기, 종골각 기울기, 다리길이 차이가 유의하게 감소하였다. 낙상 효능감 점수는 운동 집단에서는 증가하고 비교 집단에서 감소하였으나, 모두 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 그러므로 넘어짐 예방운동은 체력 향상과 자세교정에 효과적이라는 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 그러나 악력(근력)을 증가하는 것과 상체기울기를 교정하는 운동프로그램의 보완이 필요하다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1985

사양기간(飼養期間)이 서로 다른 닭의 골격근에서 actomyosin 을 추출하여 추출성과 생물 활성을 비교하였다. 가슴부위에서 추출한 actomyosin의 추출성은 사양기간(飼養期間)이 3,4,5,6,7주(週)의 순으로 각각 184.5, 364.0, 784.8, 926.1, 985.2, 1020.1 mg/100g 이었고 다리부위는 각각 28.6, 70.8, 137.9, 139.5, 608.3 그리고 646.2mg/100g 이었다. 사양기간(飼養期間)이 3,6,8주(週)인 경우 24시간 추출한 actomyosin의 EDTA-ATPpase활성은 각각 0.68, 0.59, 0.50${\mu}M$ Pi/mg protein min. 이었고 Mg^{+2}$-ATPase 활성은 각각 0.66, 0.71, 0.75 $0.50\;{\mu}M$ Pi/mg protein min.이었고 Mg^{+2}$-ATPase 활성은 각각 0.66, 0.71, $0.75\;{\mu}moles$ Pi-mg protein/min.이었다. 사양기간(飼養期間)에 관계없이 actomyosin 의 3, 6, 8 Mg^{+2}$-ATPase 활성은 저(低) ion 강도에서 높은 활성과 rh(高) ion 강도에서 낮은 biphasic response를 나타내었고 $125\;{\mu}mole$ EGTA로서 Mg^{+2}$-ATPase 활성을 $0.1\;{\mu}mole/mg$ protein/min 이하로 저해시켰다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2005

The purpose of study were to determine the effect of Elastic Band Exercise Based of PNF L/E pattern(EBEBP) on the balance in the elderly people. 24 health elderly women aged 65 to 85 years participated who live in Sun-cheon city Jeon-nam. Participants were divided into exercise(12) and control(12) group to randomized. Exercise participants received strengthening exercise for 30minutes in two times a week for 4weeks while control group continued their normal activities. Exercise used to yellow elastic band which 4 patterns of PNF by 1) hip extension - adduction - external rotation with knee extension, 2) hip extension-abduction-internal rotation with knee extension. 3) hip flexion - adduction - external rotation with knee flexion, 4) hip flexion - abduction - internal rotation with knee flexion. All subjects participated in 3 tests Berg Balance Test(BBT), One-Leg Standing Test(OLST), Functional Reaching Test(FRT). Exercise and control group were tested before and at the end of the test. This collected date were analysed by using paired t-test and independent t-test. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The experimental group was statistically significant difference in balance performance clinical test of BBT(p<0.01), OLST(p<0.01), FRT(p<0.001). 2. The control group was no significant difference in balance performance clinical test of BBT, OLST, FRT(p>0.05). 3. After the exercise, there was significant difference in the BBT(P<0.01), OLST(P<0.05), FRT(P<0.001) between the experimental group and control group in EBEBP. Thus, elastic band exercise based of PNF L/E pattern can result in improved muscle strength and balance in the elderly people. Further studies are required to show long-term effects of exercise training on the elderly people.

• 복식
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• 제28권
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• pp.65-84
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relation between the beauty of human body and the fashion illustration in each period And I attained my object through the investigation of features and changes of illustration which is given a vivid description of the features and development of ideal humam body beauty. By various methods I studied this subject. Frist I refered to sundry records Secondly I investiated the fashion illustrations which are included in Vogue. On the basis of this data I grasped the ideal types of human body beauty which is founded during the social change in each 10 years. And I analyzed the relation be-tween the ideal type and fashion illustration which show the change of fashion. The summary of result is as follows. 1. In the early part of the 20th century the beauty of human body is represented with the figure of large-sized beauty which emphasize shoulder and bust. And fashion ikllustration show 9 life-size broad shoulder full bust lim waist and hourglass silhouette. 2, In the 1910s the swell of strength vanishes gradually and shoulder and sleeve are straight type. And fashion illustration show 7 life-size high waist line. And that is tublar sil-houette of high waist and streamline shape in which bust and hip are not emphasized. 3. In the 1920s the ideal type of human body beauty is straight type which shows flat bust and unexaggerate hip. And fashion illus-tration is about 8 life-size tublar silhouette of low waist and lunger and slimmer and young style in which bust and hip are not emph-asized. 4. In the 1930s the ideal is womamly slim and long style. Fashion illustration is about 8 life-size and slim & long silhouette in which waist line is emphasized and bust and hip line come out. 5. In the 1940s the ideal type is womamly style which has narrow shoulder rich bast and slim waist. And fashion illustration is about 7 life-size and hourglass silhouette which has unartificial shoulder slim waist and empha-sized bust. 6. In the 1950s the ideal type is that of ro-bust health which emphasize build and muscu-lar system. And fashion illustration is 8.5 life-size and show full bust and made waist slimmer. That is sheath silhouette. 7. In the child who has full face with large eyeball slender and long leg: narrow and immatured body comparatively big head. And fashion illus-tration is 7 life-size and show slim and long neck flat bust long and slim limbs and big head. That is H type silhouette. 8. In the 1970s the ideal type is high stat-ure flat breast small hip and wide shoulders. And fashion illustration is wide shoulders and slim waist as 11 life-size and straight sil-houete. 9. In the 1980s the ideal type is extremely emphasized breadth of shoulder because healthy body and muscle are recognized as the symbol of ideal attractiveness. And fashion il-lustration is about 8.5 life-size and show mus-cular slim type that is slim silhouette. 10 At the present time the ideal type is slim and tall type which is empasized healthy beauty. And fashion illustration is 12 life-size which has healthy body and skin So that is slim and long type.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1259-1265
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• 2015

The present study was performed to study the genetic relationship of productive life with production and type traits of Korean Holsteins at first three lactations. The data for the analysis from 56,054, 28,997, and 11,816 animals of first, second and third parity cows which were born from 2006 to 2011 were collected by Dairy Cattle Improvement Center, National Agricultural Co-operative Federation. Milk, protein and fat yields adjusted for 305 days and average somatic cell score considered as production traits and analyzed type traits were stature, strength, body depth, dairy form, rump angle, rump width, rear leg side view, foot angle, front attachment placement, rear attachment height, rear attachment width, udder cleft, udder depth, front teat placement and front teat length. A multi trait genetic analysis was performed using Wombat program with restricted maximum likelihood animal model composed of fixed effect of birth year, farm and the random effect of animal and random residual effect according to the traits. Heritability estimates of productive life were between 0.06 and 0.13. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between production and productive life traits ranged from 0.35 to 0.04 for milk, 0.16 to 0.05 for protein and 0.18 to 0.02 f 15-0034 (2nd) 150520 or fat. Somatic cells score showed a negative genetic and phenotypic correlation with productive life and also udder type traits, indicating that the selection for higher udder traits will likely to improve resistance to mastitis and persistence in the herd. Among all dairy form type traits, udder characters such as udder cleft showed a significant relationship with productive life. However, a specific change of heritabilities or correlations were not observed with the change of parity. Moreover, further studies are needed to further confirm the significance of the above traits and the effect of parity on above relationships in order to minimize both voluntary and involuntary culling rates while improving herd health and maintaining high yielding dairy cows.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

젖소의 선형심사형질은 젖소의 생물학적 변이를 심사자의 직관에 의하여 변이의 정도에 따라 점수를 부여한다. 심사형질에 대한 정의에 의하여 연령과 비유기에 상관없이 변이의 정도를 수치화 하기 때문에 형질에 따라서 필연적으로 연령과 비유기의 영향을 받을 수밖에 없다. 본 연구에서는 연령과 비유기가 선형심사형질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 그를 보정하기 위한 보정계수를 추정하였다. 키 강건성, 체심, 엉덩이 너비, 뒷다리 옆모양과 앞유방 부착이 연령에 따라 증가 또는 감소하는 경향을 보이면서 크게 영향 받는 것으로 조사되었으며, 유용성, 뒷유방 높이, 뒷유방 너비와 정중제인대는 비유기에 따라 영향을 받았다. 유방깊이는 연령과 비유기 두 가지 요인 모두로부터 영향을 받았다. 추정된 보정 계수에 의한 각각의 보정계수를 적용한 결과 연령과 비유기에 영향 받는 모든 형질에서 분만년월, 심사자 등의 변이에는 작은 영향을 미치며, 보정하고자 하는 요인의 변이를 크게 줄여 보정효과가 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 유방깊이는 연령과 비유기에 대한 보정계수를 동시에 적용한 결과 두 요인 모두에서 변이를 크게 줄였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2017

부유식 구조물의 계류선의 설계는 강도뿐만 아니라 피로수명 측면에서도 검토가 반드시 요구된다. 일반적으로 계류선의 피로 설계에는 동적 응력을 야기하는 하중이 지배적인 영향을 미치게 된다. 즉, 파랑이 주요 설계 하중으로 고려가 된다. 본 연구에서는 불규칙 파랑에 대한 해중 터널 계류선의 피로 손상 특성에 대해 분석한다. 시간 이력 유체-구조 동역학 해석을 통해 특정 환경 하중에 대한 해중터널의 동적 운동 및 계류선에 발생하는 장력과 응력을 계산하고, Rainflow 집계법 및 Palmgren-Miner의 법칙 그리고 DNV 기준에서 제시하는 해양구조물 설계를 위한 S-N 곡선을 고려하여 단기 피로 손상을 추정한다. 해중 터널의 계류 형식과 유사한 계류 형식을 갖는 인장각 플랫폼의 텐던 설계를 참고하여 100년 재현 주기 파랑이 48시간 지속되는 조건을 가정하여 이 환경 하중에 의한 피로 손상도를 추정한다. 본 해석 절차를 따르며, 함체의 흘수와 계류선의 간격 및 초기 기울임 각도가 피로 손상도에 미치는 영향을 분석한다.