• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the activity of the abductor hallucis (AbdH) muscle during short foot exercise (SFE) using foot orthosis (SFE-FO) and the windlass effect (SFO-WE) while sitting and in a one-leg standing position. METHODS: We recruited fourteen subjects with normal feet for this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the muscle activity of the AbdH muscle during SFE, SFE-FO, and SFE-WE while sitting and in a one-leg standing position. Three trials consisting of a 5 s hold for each of the three exercises were performed to measure the EMG activity of the AbdH muscle. Exercise type and position were randomly assigned. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of exercise type (SFE vs. SFE-FO vs. SFE-WE) and position (sitting vs. one-leg standing position) on AbdH muscle activity. A statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. RESULTS: The EMG activity of AbdH muscle in the SFE-WE exercise was significantly greater than that during SFE and SFE-FO in both exercise positions (p<.001). In addition, the EMG activity of the AbdH muscle in the one-leg standing position was significantly higher than that while sitting (p<.001) during all three exercises. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SFE-WE is a more effective strengthening exercise than SFE or SFE-FO for activating the AbdH muscle.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ribcage stabilization using a belt in the supine position during double leg lowering (DLL) by investigating the electromyographic (EMG) activities of the abdominal muscles. Methods : Twenty-two subjects with lumbar extension syndrome were recruited. EMG activity was recorded from rectus abdominalis (RA) and internal oblique abdominalis (IO), external oblique abdominalis (EO) muscles while subjects performed three double leg lowering exercises: double leg lowering (DLL), double leg lowering with abdominal draw-in maneuver (DLL-ADIM), and double leg lowering with ribcage stabilization using a belt (DLL-belt). RA, IO, and EO EMG activity were analyzed via one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bonferroni correction was performed where significant differences were identified (p<.017, .05/3). Results : RA, IO, and EO EMG activity differed significantly among the three exercises (p<.05). The use of post hoc pair-wise comparison with Bonferroni correction showed that RA muscle activity significantly differed among the three exercises (p<.017), and IO muscle activity in the DLL exercise was significantly decreased compared to the DLL-ADIM and DLL-belt exercises (p<.017). There was no significant difference between IO muscle activity for DLL-ADIM and DLL-belt exercises (p>.017). EO muscle activity in the DLL-belt exercise was significantly increased compared to both DLL and DLL-ADIM exercises (p<.017), but there was no significant difference between EO muscle activity for DLL and DLL-ADIM exercises (p>.017). Conclusion : DLL-belt is a more effective exercise for activating the abdominal muscles than DLL-ADIM exercise. Therefore, we recommend DLL-belt exercises for strengthening the abdominal muscles.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of mental practice about leg exercise muscle activities of the rectus femoris. Method: 20 subjects were participated in this study. The values before the experiment were measured and those after the mental performance from the first experiment to the fifth experiment were measured. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the muscle activity of rectus femoris. Result: The muscle activity of the both rectus femoris after mental practice increased steadily and showed significant differences. Conclusion: In the present study, it was found that the muscle activity of both legs was increased during the mental practice. It can be seen that there was a difference before and after mental practice, and muscle activity of rectus femoris was increased.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2001

Muscle rupture is not a common disease. But it is known that partial muscle rupture commonly occurs to active sports athletes or heavy workers who receive severe physical stress. Gastrocnemius muscle rupture(this is called ‘tennis leg’)is often caused by sudden overstretching of the muscle through concomitant ankle dorsiflexion and knee extension. This rupture may result in a swelling and pain that is easily confused with other diseases like thrombophlebitis. Ultrasonography can confirm the clinical suspicion of tennis leg and the assessment of the size of the lesion, and can discriminate from other diseases. So it is a useful, noninvasive, low-cost modality to diagnose and follow up tennis leg. We experienced 2 cases of partial gastrocnemius muscle rupture patients who were treated by conservative methods or acupuncture therapy and followed up with Ultrasonography, and arrived at some interesting results, which we report along with a review of some relevant literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study analyzed how proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) combined with auricular acupuncture affected the activation of the leg muscles of stroke patients and measured the effects of this combination to provide clinical data. METHODS: The subjects were divided randomly into experimental group I, which received PNF combined with auricular acupuncture, and experimental group II, which received PNF alone. Each group had ten members. A 30-minute intervention was performed four days a week for six weeks. Before the six weeks of intervention, pre-tests were conducted to measure muscle activation in the legs. After six weeks, post-tests were also conducted to measure muscle activation in the legs. RESULTS: Experimental group I showed a statistically significant difference in muscle rectus femoris, muscle biceps femoris, muscle tibialis anterior, and muscle soleus. Experimental group II also showed a statistically significant difference in the muscle rectus femoris, muscle biceps femoris, muscle tibialis anterior, and muscle soleus (p < .05). In a between-group comparison of the changes, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of muscle rectus femoris, muscle biceps femoris, muscle tibialis anterior, and muscle soleus (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Intervention in experimental group I increased the activation of the leg muscles more effectively because auricular acupuncture was applied to various spots on the ear corresponding to the spleen, liver, kidney, pelvis, knee, ankle, and toe. Auricular acupuncture is expected to be used more widely in the future because it is a safe way of stimulating muscle activation.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.55-62
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• 2005

This study examined the effect of ergonomic heel rest that was designed for drivers who have physical handicap in the low leg muscles or have to drive prolonged hours with frequent foot pedaling. An experiment was designed to test the ergonomic heel rest with traditional foot pedal. Forty subjects participated in the experiment. Electromyography(EMG) was used to monitor the muscle activity and fatigue of right leg, and Electro-goniometer was used to measure the ranges of motions of the knee and ankle. A simulator of driver's seat was built for the experiment and the heel rest was installed on it. In order to examine the low muscle activity and range of motion, subjects used the foot pedal for 15 minutes repetitively for each experimental condition. Another 15 minutes test without the heel rest was also performed for comparison. The Root Mean Square(RMS) and Mean Power Frequency(MPF) Shift were used to quantify the level of muscle activity and local muscle fatigue. In results, statistically significant decreases of muscle activity and fatigue were found in all the low leg muscles. The range of motion of the knee and ankle joint also decreased when the heel rest was used. The mechanism of the heel rest effect was discussed in this study. This type of heel rest can be applied to real driving situation after ensuring the safety, or overcoming the psychological discomfort possibly due to unfamiliarity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.381-386
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• 2012

Objectives: To investigate the link between cigarette smoking and muscle strength in Japanese men. Methods: We used data on 4249 Japanese men, aged $43.3{\pm}13.9$ years, in this cross-sectional investigation study. Grip strength and leg strength were measured as indicators of overall muscle strength. Meanwhile, subjects' cigarette smoking habits were recorded by trained medical staff. The effect of cigarette smoking on muscle strength was evaluated. Results: A total of 1618 men (38.1%) were smokers and 1481 men (34.9%) exercised regularly. Significant differences in muscle strength were noted between men with and without a Brinkman index of 400 or greater, after adjusting for age. After adjusting for age, height, body weight and exercise habits, associations between the Brinkman index and leg strength and the ratio of leg strength to body weight were attenuated. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking might be negatively associated with muscle strength, especially grip strength in Japanese men.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 1985

Some biological activities showed as ATPase activity of myofibril, actomyosin and myosin extracted from chicken leg and pectoral skeletal muscle were investigated. The $Mg^{+2}$-ATPase activity at 0.05 M KCl were 0.82, 0.38 and 0.11 ${\mu}mole$ Pi/mg protein/min. in actomyosin, myofibril and myosin from pectoral muscle while 0.71, 0.32 and 0.08 ${\mu}mole$ Pi/mg protein/min. in actomyosin, myofibril and myosin from leg muscle. EDTA-ATPase activity at 0.6M KCl were 0.80, 0.42 and 0.40 ${\mu}mole$ Pi/mg protein/min. in actomyosin, myofibril and myosin from pectoral muscle. In case of leg muscle, that activity was noted as 0.69, 0.33 and 0.28 ${\mu}mole$e Pi/mg protein/min in proteins. ATPase activity of myosin from leg and pectoral muscle were inhibited in 10% at a higher concentration of $Mg^{+2}$ than molar concentration of EDTA, and the ATPase activity was increased to 400% compared with control at $10^{-3}M$ of $Ca^{+2}$. Actomyosin from pectoral muscle was solubilized at 0.1 M KCl above and that from leg muscle was solubilized at 0.15 M KCl above. In case of myosin, pectoral muscle was solubilized at 0.25M KCI above and leg muscle was solubilized at 0.30M KCl above.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2023

Background: Excessive hamstring (HS) activation due to the weakness of the gluteus maximus (GM) causes pain in the hip joint. A single-leg deadlift is a hip extensor exercise, especially GM, that includes functional movements in daily life and complex multi-joint training. In single-leg deadlift, the muscle activity depends on the forward trunk lean angle, and it's necessary to study which muscles are used dominantly depending on the angle. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on the muscle activity of the GM and HS during single-leg deadlift according to different forward trunk lean angles and the ratio of the GM vs HS (GM/HS). Methods: Twenty-one healthy female participants were recruited. The muscles activities of the GM, HS and the GM/HS ratio were measured through electromyography during single-leg deadlift according to three condition of forward trunk lean angles (30°, 60°, and 90°). Results: The GM and HS activities significantly differed among three conditions (p < 0.05). GM/HS ratio was significantly higher at 30° and 60° of forward trunk lean compared to 90°. Moreover, the GM activity was significantly higher at 60° of forward trunk lean than at 30° (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The single-leg deadlift at 60° of forward trunk lean is a proper GM muscle strengthening exercise.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.535-544
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• 2015

This study was performed to determine the effect of low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle volume and strength in elderly women. Sixteen elderly women (70.9±4.6 years) were divided into low (30% 1RM) and high (75% 1RM) intense resistance training groups. Tourniquet cuff (Zimmer, Germany) for BFR was applied only to the right leg during the training period. All subjects performed unilateral leg press, leg extension and leg curl (3 sets×12 repetitions) for 10 weeks (2d/wk). Blood pressure was increased from 110 to 240 mmHg during the training period at the most proximal region of exercised leg. Muscle volume and cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured by MRI and body composition was monitored by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and isokinetic muscular strength were analyzed in both legs. The quadriceps CSA (15.2%, p<.001) and muscle volume (13.8%, p<.001) were increased in high-intense trained leg with BFR and the increased rate was highest among groups. The quadriceps CSA (9.8%, p<.001) and muscle volume (6.9%, p<.001) were increased in low-intensity training group with BFR and their increased rates were higher than control groups. The strength by exercise training was significantly improved in all groups and tended to be higher in BFR groups. These results demonstrate low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction could be an effective way to improve muscle volume and strength in elderly women.