• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.19.1-19.11
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• 2018

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, have been implicated in various diseases and cellular functions as microregulators of gene expression. Although the history of miRNA investigation in autoimmune $Sj{\ddot{o}}gren^{\prime}s$ syndrome (SjS) is fairly short, a substantial amount of data has already been accumulated. These findings clearly indicate potential clinical implications of miRNAs, such as autoantigen expression and autoantibody production, viral miRNAs regulating the calcium signaling pathway, and aberrant immune cell regulation and cytokine production. Research endeavors in the field are currently underway to select disease-specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers by utilizing different types of tissues or biological specimens of SjS patients. Various techniques for miRNA analysis with different stringencies have been applied, with the most recent one being next-generation sequencing. This review compiles and highlights differentially-expressed miRNAs in various samples collected from SjS patients and their potential implications in the pathogenesis of SjS. To facilitate the development of miRNA-targeted personalized therapy in the future, we urge more follow-up studies that confirm these findings and elucidate the immunopathological roles of differentially-expressed miRNAs. Furthermore, improved diagnostic criteria for the disease itself will minimize sampling errors in patient recruitment, preventing the generation of inconsistent data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

In this study, numerical simulations were performed to investigate the steady-state characteristics of a symmetric pintle nozzle by varying the position of the pintle and the altitude. The pintle nozzle shape was used in a linear pintle nozzle that had been analyzed prior to the study, and the boundary conditions of the chamber were considered to be according to the propellant burn-back characteristics. A software was used to perform a verification analysis of the square nozzle, pintle nozzle, and high-altitude conditions with an appropriate analytical technique. The pintle position had three different nozzle throat area conditions-: fully closed, half open, and fully open, and the altitude was set at 0, 5, and 20 km. The study compared the thrust, pintle drive load, and static stability at each condition.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.192-200
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• 2019

Introduction: The aim of this study is to report the effect of traditional Korean medical treatment on fibromyalgia. Case presentation: A patient with fibromyalgia was treated with acupuncture, pharmacopuncture (Bee venom, Hwangryunhaedok-tang), cupping therapy, moxibustion therapy and herbal medicine for 37 days. To reduce the patient's symptoms, we provided herbal medicine three times a day, as well as acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, cupping therapy and moxibustion therapy once a day for 37 days. To evaluate the results of this treatment, we used the Numeral Rating Scale (NRS), Score of Sleeping Quality (SSQ) and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). After treatment, the patient showed that pain was reduced, the score of NRS was improved, FIQ improved from 91 to 69 and SSQ improved from 3 to 1. No adverse reaction was noted. Conclusion: According to the result, traditional Korean medical treatment can be effective and safe for the treatment of fibromyalgia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1128-1136
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary levels of tapioca residue on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Twenty-eight steers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups; T0 (0% tapioca residue), T6.7 (6.7% tapioca residue), T9 (9% tapioca residue), and T12 (12% tapioca residue). Results: Supplementation with tapioca residue had no effect on overall growth performance. The concentration of plasma total cholesterol was higher in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Dietary levels of tapioca residue did not affect carcass yield or the quality traits of Hanwoo steers. The lightness, redness, and yellowness of the longissimus muscle of Hanwoo steers were higher in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience were lower in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with tapioca residue does not exert any negative effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in Hanwoo steers. However, as the dietary level of tapioca residue increased, the intake of concentrate intake decreased, and tapioca supplementation greater than 6.7% did not substantially improved the marbling score.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.245-255
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• 2019

This paper describes on aerodynamic analysis based on the truncation rate of guided-weapon nose using computational fluid dynamics. The shape to perform the analysis is only the body of the guided weapon and the diameter to length ratio is 10.7. Three nose shapes were selected and hemisphere, 25% and 50% truncation were compared. For the accurate CFD analysis of the body, the grid method and the analytical method were selected and verified using NASA wind tunnel test data. For the three nose shapes, the drag analysis for the flight Mach number is 6~20% different. This difference was analyzed by the pressure distribution from nose to base.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2021

Products using diatomaceous earth, which are used in various fields, are optimized for moisture absorption, but have problems such as high hardness, powder flying, and rough surface feel. To improve this, an olefin-based foam having low hardness and high elasticity was prepared by adding an excessive amount of inorganic material using EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate) having low hardness and excellent elasticity. Diatomaceous earth was added to impart moisture absorption characteristics of the foam, and the moisture absorption/drying characteristics showed a moisture absorption rate of about 10 to 15% and a moisture drying rate of 10 to 70% depending on the content of the diatomaceous earth. Through this study, it was possible to manufacture a water-absorbing olefin-based foam with diatomaceous earth added, and it was confirmed that the diatomaceous earth added to the foam had a great influence on water absorption and dissipation due to its microstructure and characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2019

Hibiscus syriacus L. is widely distributed throughout Eastern and Southern Asia and its root bark has been used as a traditional remedy. Recently, the extracts of H. syriacus L. exerts anti-cancerous, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effect of anthocyanin-rich fraction of H. syriacus L. petals (PS) has not been studied under excessive oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the cellular protective effect of PS in HaCaT human skin keratinocytes under hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative stress conditions. PS at below $400{\mu}g/ml$ did not show any cell death; however, over $800{\mu}g/ml$ of PS gradually increased cell death. PS at below $400{\mu}g/ml$ significantly inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells concomitant with downregulation of Bax and upregulation of pro-PARP and p-Bcl-2. Additionally, PS remarkably reversed $H_2O_2$-induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, and also significantly inhibited mitochondrial ROS production concomitant with suppression of $H_2O_2$-induced mitochondrial depolarization. $H_2O_2$-mediated ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and caspase-3 activation were markedly abolished in the presence of PS. Moreover, the inhibition of HO-1 function using zinc protoporphyrin, an HO-1 inhibitor, significantly attenuated the cellular protective effects of PS against $H_2O_2$, indicating the significance of HO-1 in PS mediated cytoprotective effect, which was mediated by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Taken together, our results suggest that cytoprotective effect of PS in HaCaT keratinocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis is mediated by inhibiting cellular and mitochondrial ROS production, which is downregulated by activating Nrf2/HO-1 axis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2021

In this paper, the aerodynamic characteristics of general tail controlled missile were predicted and corrected the result using semi-empirical analysis tool. The cause of the error was confirmed by comparing the aerodynamic characteristics prediction result of the semi-empirical analysis tool with the wind tunnel test result, and the main error factor of the semi-empirical analysis tool was the interference component between the main wing and the tail wing. The semi-empirical analysis results were corrected using the wind tunnel test results and the computational analysis results, and it was confirmed that the corrected data agrees well with the wind tunnel test results. Through this study, it was confirmed that the wing-tail interference component correction is needed when predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of a general tail controlled missile using a semi-empirical analysis tool.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.989-1001
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• 2020

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes salmonellosis and mortality worldwide. S. Typhimurium infects macrophages and survives within phagosomes by avoiding the phagosome-lysosome fusion system. Phagosomes sequentially acquire different Rab GTPases during maturation and eventually fuse with acidic lysosomes. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a bioactive lipid that is associated with the generation of chemoattractants and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In our previous study, LPC controlled the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by promoting phagosome maturation. In this study, to verify whether LPC enhances phagosome maturation and regulates the intracellular growth of S. Typhimurium, macrophages were infected with S. Typhimurium. LPC decreased the intracellular bacterial burden, but it did not induce cytotoxicity in S. Typhimurium-infected cells. In addition, combined administration of LPC and antibiotic significantly reduced the bacterial burden in the spleen and the liver. The ratios of the colocalization of intracellular S. Typhimurium with phagosome maturation markers, such as early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1), were significantly increased in LPC-treated cells. The expression level of cleaved cathepsin D was rapidly increased in LPC-treated cells during S. Typhimurium infection. Treatment with LPC enhanced ROS production, but it did not affect nitric oxide production in S. Typhimurium-infected cells. LPC also rapidly triggered the phosphorylation of IκBα during S. Typhimurium infection. These results suggest that LPC can improve phagosome maturation via ROS-induced activation of NF-κB pathway and thus may be developed as a therapeutic agent to control S. Typhimurium growth.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

Purpose : This thesis aims to explore sports physical therapist program of university of education of korea and usa for the whole process of becoming sports physical therapist and provide better education programs for cultivating sports physical therapist in the future. Methods : This thesis education programs of physical therapy department in Korea and 3 universities in east california region were selected with recommendation of a professional on sports physical therapist in USA. for the purpose of this study, curriculum of physical education department at school of education was analyzed using internet survey, phone survey, visitor survey and examination of hand book in korea. in usa, homepage, internet survey, e-mail and examination of handbook were used to analyze the data. Results : First, the results of this study can be summarized as follows: second, In comparison of required subjects and selective subject of physical therapy education in Korea and USA, Korea presents the least required subjects for major while USA offer more required subjects for majors. Korea puts focus on education practice while USA offers initial field experience and education practice well connected and organized systematically. Third, comparison of system of professional sports physical therapist, Korea did not establish system of a professional sports physical therapist, USA systematically established system of a professional sports physical therapist. Conclusion : On the basis Professional physical therapist, PNF association has to need to study hardly about special therapist.