• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2009

Generally. mobile sources of air pollution were classified in on-road and non-road. Due to increased registration number of construction equipment in Korea. updated emission factors for non-road mobile sources, such as construction machinery. should be developed. NONROAD model of U.S. EPA already has introduced transient adjustment factors and sulfur adjustment factors for emission factors of diesel powered engine. In addition to this. European Environment Agency (EEA) has proposed emission factors for off-road machinery including several types of construction equipment. In this study. six types of construction equipment, such as excavator. forklift, loader, crane, roller and bulldozer, were studied to estimate emission factors based on total registration status in Korea. Total 445 construction equipments between 2004 and 2007 model year were tested with KC1-8 mode and air pollutants (CO, THC, $NO_x$, and PM) were measured. After statistical estimation and calculation, emission factors for CO, THC, $NO_x$, and PM for excavator, forklift, loader, crane, roller and bulldozer were provided and compared with previous emission factors. Moreover, updated emission factors for six types of construction equipment in this study were verified after comparison with emission factors of U.S. EPA. Finally, estimated emission amounts of four air pollutants were suggested according to six types of construction equipment.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2014

Objectives The aim of the present study was to investigate gender difference in empathic ability and recognition of facial emotion expression in schizophrenic patients. Methods Twenty-two schizophrenic outpatients (11 men and 11 women) and controls (10 men and 12 women) performed both the scale of Empathic Quotient (EQ) and facial emotion recognition test. We compared the scores of EQ and the facial emotion recognition test among each group according to diagnosis and gender. Results We found a significant sex difference in the scores of EQ and the facial emotion recognition test in the schizophrenic patients. And there were significantly negative correlation between the score of the facial emotion recognition test and the scores of Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) in female schizophrenic patients. However, in male schizophrenic patients, there were no significant correlations between the score of each test and the scores of PANSS. Conclusions This study suggests that the sex difference in empathic ability and facial emotion recognition would be very important in chronic schizophrenic patients. Investigation of sex effects in empathic ability and facial emotion recognition in chronic schizophrenic patients would present an important solution for constructing optimal rehabilitation program.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.74 no.4
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• pp.191-194
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• 2013

Mycobacterium chelonae lung disease is very rare. We report a case of lung disease caused by M. chelonae in a previously healthy woman. A 69-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of hemoptysis. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed bronchiolitis associated with bronchiectasis in the lingular division of the left upper lobe. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were isolated three times from sputum specimens. All isolates were identified as M. chelonae by various molecular methods that characterized rpoB and hsp65 gene sequences. Although some new lesions including bronchiolitis in the superior segment of the left lower lobe developed on the chest CT scan 35 months after diagnosis, she has been followed up without antibiotic therapy because of her mild symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of M. chelonae lung disease in Korea in which the etiologic organisms were confirmed using molecular techniques.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.1
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• pp.25-27
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• 2013

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a widely-used tumor marker in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, some patients with respiratory disease also exhibit elevated serum CA 19-9 levels. We report a case of normalization of elevated serum CA 19-9 levels after treatment of the nodular bronchiectatic form of Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease. A 40-year-old man visited our hospital because of chronic cough and sputum. A computed tomography scan revealed severe bronchiectasis in the right upper and right middle lobes. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were repeatedly isolated and identified as M. abscessus. The serum CA 19-9 level was elevated to 142.35 U/mL (normal range, <37 U/mL). Surgical resection was performed because of failure of sputum conversion after antibiotic treatment. The serum CA 19-9 level returned to the normal range after surgery. This case suggested that serum CA 19-9 levels could be elevated in patients with the nodular bronchiectatic form of M. abscessus lung disease.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.759-771
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of study is the comparison of effect in oral health education frequency and contents for elementary school students from a part of community child center to run and suggest a practical and effective oral health promotion program for local community child center. Methods : The program has been running for 4 trials in G district in Seoul and 2 trials has been conducted in S city in Gyung gi province. The comparison was done in independent samples test of awareness, knowledge and behavior of children of community child center in both G district and S City and paired t-test was conducted before and after oral health promotion program to find out those same 3 items. Results : As a result, after the comparison of plaque control score of Oral health promotion program frequency, significantly better result was show in 4 trial program with 55.3 score(p<0.05), No significant result of plaque control score was shown in 2 trail program(p>0.05). Conclusions : As a result of the Oral Health Promotion program which has been conducted in 2 different session type, knowledge, awareness and behaviour has been changed, however, There were no significant difference between Oral health education frequency of those two different program. Also with the result of Plaque control score of those two programs were not satisfying level. Therefore, in conclusion, the management and operation of the Oral Health Promotion program is needed and it must be based on health promotion which it would change the behavior and attitude of the children.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2005

Leflunomide is a new disease modifying anti rheumatic drug (DMARD) for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis. Its mechanism of action differs from other DMARDs in that it inhibits the de novo pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and therefore prevents the proliferation of activated lymphocytes. As it has been prescribed worldwide, there is a great deal of much concerns regarding its potential adverse effects. Because leflunomide has an active metabolite with a long elimination half-life of approximately 2 weeks, serious adverse reactions may occur even after the leflunomide treatment has been stopped. The profile of serious reactions includes liver dysfunction, hematological disorders, severe skin reactions and respiratory dysfunction. Respiratory dysfunctions with leflunomide therapy are very rare and its incidence is lower than that of methotrexate therapy. However, there are reports in Japan showing that 5 patients died of interstitial pneumonitis and another 11 patients developed serious lung complications associated with leflunomide. This suggests the possibility of fatal respiratory toxicity of leflunomide. There are no reports of interstitial pneumonitis associated with leflunomide in Korea. We report a case of a 62-year old woman who developed interstitial pneumonitis, which might have been induced by leflunomide during the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2008

농산물 중 잔류농약을 보다 쉽고 효율적으로 분석 할 수 있는 다성분 동시분석 방법에 따라서 UPLC-PDA을 이용하여 기기조건에 따른 검출한계 및 정량한계를 식품별 최저 MRL과 비교하여 유효성을 알아보고 회수율을 통하여 방법의 재현성을 조사한 결과 다음과 같다. 41종의 농약에 대한 검량선은 직선성이 우수하였으며 검출한계 $0.005{\sim}0.109mg/kg$으로 나타났으며 정량한계 는 $0.018{\sim}0.363ppm$으로 나타났다. Cycloprothrin 등의 경우처럼 검출기의 감응도가 최저 MRL 기준을 초과하는 농약에 대한 보완으로는 검출감도가보다 우수한 UV 검출기 등의 병행 활용이 필요하다. 회수율에 따른 재현성은 쌀의 경우 첨가 농도 0.4 mg/kg 일때 $62.09{\sim}99.58%$로 편차범위는 $1.03{\sim}13.92%$ 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1629-1635
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• 2012

Previously, we demonstrated that the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is present on fibroblasts, where it regulates focal contact. Here, we assessed whether this action of EpoR is involved in the reduced cell adhesion observed in colonocytes exposed to Clostridium difficile toxin A. EpoR was present and functionally active in cells of the human colonic epithelial cell line HT29 and epithelial cells of human colon tissues. Toxin A significantly decreased activating phosphorylations of EpoR and its downstream signaling molecules JAK-2 (Janus kinase 2) and STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5). In vitro kinase assays confirmed that toxin A inhibited JAK 2 kinase activity. Pharmacological inhibition of JAK2 (with AG490) abrogated activating phosphorylations of EpoR and also decreased focal contacts in association with inactivation of paxillin, an essential focal adhesion molecule. In addition, AG490 treatment significantly decreased expression of occludin (a tight junction molecule) and tight junction levels. Taken together, these data suggest that inhibition of JAK2 by toxin A in colonocytes causes inactivation of EpoR, thereby enhancing the inhibition of focal contact formation and loss of tight junctions known to be associated with the enzymatic activity of toxin A.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2023

Background: The present study evaluated the association between participation in a rehabilitation program during a hospital stay and 1-year survival of patients requiring at least 21 days of mechanical ventilation (prolonged mechanical ventilation [PMV]) with various respiratory diseases as their main diagnoses that led to mechanical ventilation. Methods: Retrospective data of 105 patients (71.4% male, mean age 70.1±11.3 years) who received PMV in the past 5 years were analyzed. Rehabilitation included physiotherapy, physical rehabilitation, and dysphagia treatment program that was individually provided by physiatrists. Results: The main diagnosis leading to mechanical ventilation was pneumonia (n=101, 96.2%) and the 1-year survival rate was 33.3% (n=35). One-year survivors had lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (20.2±5.8 vs. 24.2±7.5, p=0.006) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (6.7±5.6 vs. 8.5±2.7, p=0.001) on the day of intubation than non-survivors. More survivors participated in a rehabilitation program during their hospital stays (88.6% vs. 57.1%, p=0.001). The rehabilitation program was an independent factor for 1-year survival based on the Cox proportional hazard model (hazard ratio, 3.513; 95% confidence interval, 1.785 to 6.930; p<0.001) in patients with APACHE II scores ≤23 (a cutoff value based on Youden's index). Conclusion: Our study showed that participation in a rehabilitation program during hospital stay was associated with an improvement of 1-year survival of PMV patients who had less severe illness on the day of intubation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.670-676
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• 2004

Chemical pneumonitis is caused by the inhalation of noxious chemical substances and is a cause of occupational lung disease. Nitric acid, which is a one of the common air pollutants and a potential oxidant for refining and cleansing of metals, has a chance for occupational and environmental exposure. A 52-year-old man visited our hospital due to coughing and dyspnea after the inhalation of nitric acid fumes at his workplace. He had conditions of tachypnea (respiratory rate 26 /min) and hypoxemia ($PaO_2$ 42.6 mmHg, $SaO_2$ 80.2% in room air) in our emergency department. The chest radiographs showed diffuse interstitial infiltrates and ground glass opacity in both lungs. The patient made improvements in clinical symptoms and chest radiography after being given a supply of oxygen, antibiotics, and bronchodilator therapy without systemic glucocorticoid therapy. On his follow up visit after 4 weeks, he showed no symptoms and sequelae, and the pulmonary function test showed a normal pulmonary function.