• Title/Summary/Keyword: Lee Diagram

Search Result 1,224, Processing Time 0.042 seconds

Grain-Based Distinct Element Modeling of Thermoshearing of Rock Fracture: DECOVALEX-2023 Task G (입자기반 개별요소모델을 이용한 암석 균열의 Thermoshearing 거동 해석: 국제공동연구 DECOVALEX-2023 Task G)

  • Jung-Wook, Park;Li, Zhuang;Jeong Seok, Yoon;Chan-Hee, Park;Changlun, Sun;Changsoo, Lee
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
    • /
    • v.32 no.6
    • /
    • pp.568-585
    • /
    • 2022
  • In the present study, we proposed a numerical method for simulating thermally induced fracture slip using a grain-based distinct element model (GBDEM). As a part of DECOVALEX-2023, the thermo-mechanical loading test on a saw-cut rock fracture conducted at the Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology was simulated. In the numerical model, the rock sample including a saw-cut fracture was represented as a group of random Voronoi polyhedra. Then, the coupled thermo-mechanical behavior of grains and their interfaces was calculated using 3DEC. The key concerns focused on the temperature evolution, thermally induced principal stress increment, and fracture normal and shear displacements under thermo-mechanical loading. The comparisons between laboratory experimental results and the numerical results revealed that the numerical model reasonably captured the heat transfer and heat loss characteristics of the rock specimen, the horizontal stress increment due to constrained displacement, and the progressive shear failure of the fracture. However, the onset of the fracture slip and the magnitudes of stress increment and fracture displacement showed discrepancies between the numerical and experimental results. We expect the numerical model to be enhanced by continuing collaboration and interaction with other research teams of DECOVALEX-2023 Task G and validated in further study.

A Study on Dynamic Capacity Assessment of PSC Box Girder High Speed Railway Bridges Using Time Series Load (시계열하중을 이용한 PSC 박스 거더 고속철도교량의 동적성능 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Sung Ho;Bang, Myung Seok;Lee, Woo Sang
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.30 no.3A
    • /
    • pp.211-219
    • /
    • 2010
  • The design concept of high speed railway bridges is applied to a method for increasing the stiffness of existing bridge structures considering the impact factor by a static load. Generally, the process of structural design would be relied upon an advanced foreign technology. However, the dynamic amplification factor (DAF) and dynamic capacity assessment of high speed railway bridges may be conducted essentially a detailed estimation because the resonance phenomenon is affected by the long length (380 m) and high speed (300 km/h) moving of a high speed railway (Korea Train eXpress: KTX). Therefore, this study will be examined the dynamic capacity of the typical PSC Box Girder high speed railway bridge efficiently, and offered the basic information for the reasonable structural design. For this, the static analysis is conducted considering the load line diagram of KTX based upon existing references. In addition, the KTX moving load is transformed into the time series load considering various analytical variables. The time history analysis is assessed reasonable using the transformed time series load. At that time, analytical variables for calculating the time series load are considered loading node distance, time increment and KTX velocity variation etc. The dynamic capacity of the PSC Box Girder high speed railway bridge is examined based upon the FE analysis result systematically. The structural safety is assessed quantitatively in accordance with the related regulation of the inside and outside of the country.

A Study on the Meaning of Mugeuk(無極) and Taegeuk(太極) in Daesoon Thoughts (대순사상에서의 무극(無極)과 태극(太極) 그리고 대순(大巡)의 의미 고찰)

  • Park, Jae-hyun
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
    • /
    • v.22
    • /
    • pp.433-469
    • /
    • 2014
  • Identifying the ontological characteristics of "ultimate reality" is highly important in a specific religion or thought because it is believed to contain the logic that explain the wholistic phenomenon in the entire universe. The "ultimate reality" is called "Lee(理)", "Dao(道)", "Taegeuk; the Great Ultimate(太極)", "Mugeuk; NonUltimate(無極)", "Gong(空)", "Haven", "SangJe(上帝)", "God" in many different religions or thoughts. Taegeuk(太極), Mugeuk(無極) and Daesoon(大巡) are believed to contain the logic that explain the wholistic phenomenon in the entire universe in Daesoon Thoughts which we can see in the GooCheon SangJe(九天上帝)'s saying that "Even if the logic is so high, it comes from the surface of Taegeuk and Mugeuk and cannot be separated from every phenomenon in our life(理雖高出於太極无極之表 不離乎日用事物之間)" and Doju(道主) Cho, Jeong San's saying that "The reasion that Dao is called Dao is that it is settled to be Mugeuk and moved to be Taegeuk(道之謂道也者定而无極 動而太極)" and Dojeon(都典) Park Wu-dang's saying that "Daesoon(大巡) is circle(圓), circle is Mugeuk(無極), Mugeuk is Taegeuk(太極)". Mugeuk contains the logic of transcendence and Taegeuk contains the logic of immanance. And Nae-confucianism admit the Ultimate Reality or logic have both characteries of Mugeuk and Taegeuk and don't admit that Taegeuk comes from Mugeuk. Therefore, Mugeuk and Taegeuk are in complementary relations. These Nae-confucianism's idea about Mugeuk and Taegeuk corresponds with Deasoon Thought. Daesoon Thoughts also admit that Ultimate Reality, GooCheon SangJe can be understood with both Mugeuk and Taegeuk. That is, GooCheon SangJe, the Suprime God is transcendent from this world(Mugeuk) and also manage the whole universe using the logic of Taegeuk(太極). Daesoon(大巡) unite Mugeuk and Taegeuk using the concept of circulation. The logic of Mugeuk and Taegeuk is both two as well as one, and one as well as two. It is not dualism nor monism. It is non-dualism and super-dualism. These logic of coexistence is the core of Mugeuk and Taegeuk. And this logic is reflexed in Daesoon Thoughts' core proposition that "Daesoon(大巡) is circle (圓), circle is Mugeuk(無極), Mugeuk is Taegeuk(太極)".

Bibliometric Analysis on Health Information-Related Research in Korea (국내 건강정보관련 연구에 대한 계량서지학적 분석)

  • Jin Won Kim;Hanseul Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
    • /
    • v.41 no.1
    • /
    • pp.411-438
    • /
    • 2024
  • This study aims to identify and comprehensively view health information-related research trends using a bibliometric analysis. To this end, 1,193 papers from 2002 to 2023 related to "health information" were collected through the Korea Citation Index (KCI) database and analyzed in diverse aspects: research trends by period, academic fields, intellectual structure, and keyword changes. Results indicated that the number of papers related to health information continued to increase and has been decreasing since 2021. The main academic fields of health information-related research included "biomedical engineering," "preventive medicine/occupational environmental medicine," "law," "nursing," "library and information science," and "interdisciplinary research." Moreover, a co-word analysis was performed to understand the intellectual structure of research related to health information. As a result of applying the parallel nearest neighbor clustering (PNNC) algorithm to identify the structure and cluster of the derived network, four clusters and 17 subgroups belonging to them could be identified, centering on two conglomerates: "medical engineering perspective on health information" and "social science perspective on health information." An inflection point analysis was attempted to track the timing of change in the academic field and keywords, and common changes were observed between 2010 and 2011. Finally, a strategy diagram was derived through the average publication year and word frequency, and high-frequency keywords were presented by dividing them into "promising," "growth," and "mature." Unlike previous studies that mainly focused on content analysis, this study is meaningful in that it viewed the research area related to health information from an integrated perspective using various bibliometric methods.

Improvement of the Thinning System by Exploring the Stand Density Management Criteria for Chamaecyparis obtusa in South Korea (편백림의 임분밀도 관리 기준 탐색을 통한 시업체계 개선)

  • Su Young Jung;Kwang Soo Lee;Hyun Soo Kim;Joon Hyung Park
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.113 no.1
    • /
    • pp.131-142
    • /
    • 2024
  • The purpose of this study was to estimate the optimal stand density criteria for each growth stage of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. to achieve the timber production goal for cypress forests and develop an optimal silvicultural system for forest thinning. A relative yield index (Ry) value of 0.75, presented as a stand density management criterion index, was estimated by analyzing the relationship characteristics between the composition ratio and stand density of slender trees from 216 sample plots of the recruited cypress forests. The analysis of the feasibility of achieving each production target in the existing silvicultural system for C. obtusa revealed that the growth rate according to the parameters of forest land productivity, such as site index and thinning intensity according to the increase in age, was not properly reflected. In the thinning system for each timber production target analyzed in this study, 353 high-quality large hardwoods from 498.1 m3/ha, 703 high-quality medium hardwoods from 376.2 m3/ha, and 1,758 small-diameter hardwoods from 249.5 m3/ha could be harvested. Although the silvicultural system prepared on the basis of the results of this study cannot be uniformly applied according to various management goals, this study is meaningful in that it presents empirical reference standards based on the stand density management diagram that reflects the growth characteristics of cypress forests in South Korea.

Analysis of Health Functional Foods Advertisements Effects according to the Delivery Tool for Efficacy Information and Consumers' Attitudes (기능성 정보 전달 방법 및 소비자 태도에 따른 건강기능식품 광고 효과 분석)

  • Lee, Yeonkyung;Kim, Ji Yeon;Kwon, Oran;Hwang, In-Kyeong
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
    • /
    • v.29 no.6
    • /
    • pp.835-848
    • /
    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to find efficient and customized tools for delivering the benefit of health functional foods (HFFs). Delivery tools which could influence the impact of advertising were images, explanations of ingredients, diagrams of health benefit, patents, and comments from authority. Six advertisements were developed using these tools: "A": relevant image + explanation of ingredients + scientific diagram of efficacy; "B": relevant image + explanation of ingredients; "C": relevant image; "D": irrelevant image; "E": irrelevant image + explanation of ingredient + patent; "F": irrelevant image + explanation of ingredient + comments from authority. To analyze the consumer perceptions on HFFs and advertisement effects, 300 respondents were requested to answer a questionnaire comprising of the following questions: 5 questions of attitudes (necessity of HFFs, trust in HFFs, gathering information, watching advertisements and trust in advertisement claims) and 6 questions on the 6 developed advertisements (attention, understanding, sufficiency of information, sympathy, trust, and purchase). Scoring was done as per the 5 Likert scale. There was a higher proportion of females and the elderly, as compared to males and youngsters. The overall consumer attitudes were positive. Explanation of ingredients, scientific diagram of health benefit, patents and expert comments were helpful factors in increasing the advertisement evaluation by consumer, but the images were not. Advertisement evaluation of consumer did not differ with gender and age. However, differences were observed between some of the consumer attitudes (necessity of HFFs, trust in HFFs, gathering information and trust in advertisements claim) and advertisement evaluations (attention, understanding, sympathy and purchase). Our results indicate that for consumers utilizing the HFFs, advertisements with concrete tools such as diagrams, patent, and expert comments are more helpful. However, for consumers who do not have interest in HFFs, the scientific information was irrelevant. We believe that to maximize the effect of health information in advertisements, consumers should be segmented, and customized tools for each segment needs to be developed.

Origin of B, Br and Sr in Groundwater from Bukahn-myeon, Yeongcheon, Gyeongbuk Province, with Emphasis on Hydrochemistry (지하수의 수질화학적 특징과 붕소, 브롬, 스트론튬 성인에 대한 고찰)

  • Choo, Chang-Oh;Lee, Jin-Kook;Lee, Chang-Joo;Park, Ki-Ho;Jeong, Gyo-Cheol
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
    • /
    • v.19 no.2
    • /
    • pp.235-250
    • /
    • 2009
  • Environmental elements such as B, Br, and Sr in groundwater from Bukahn-myeon, Yeongcheon, Gyeongbuk Province, were investigated in order to know their origin with emphasis on hydrochemistry. pH ranges from 7.37 to 8.39. B content is 0.41${\sim}$4.62 mg/L with an average 1.74 mg/L and Br content is 0${\sim}$3.24 mg/L with an average 2.22 mg/L, and Sr content is 0.93${\sim}$8.64 mg/L with an average 2.76 mg/L. The water types plotted by the Piper diagram are different but mostly $Ca-HCO_3$. Some constituents contributing to EC are Na, $SO_4$, Cl with high determinative coefficients($R^2$) of 0.85, 0.70, 0.90, respectively. The coefficients($R^2$) of Cl to Na, K, $SO_4$ are 0.54, 0.68, 0.53, respectively. It should be noted that there are high cocfficients($R^2$) of B-Sr and $Sr-SO_4$ with 0.65, 0.64, respectively. The Cl/Br ratios are 5.21${\sim}$30.70 due to significant depletion of Cl. The $SO_4/Cl$ ratios are 1.32${\sim}$27.24 with an average of 5.92, ascribed to abundant introduction of $SO_4$ or significant depletion of Cl. Chemical speciation calculated shows that B exists mostly as $H_3BO_3$ with less $H_2BO^-_3$ and Br exists as only $Br^-$. Sr exists mostly as $Sr^2$ with less $SO_4$. Saturation index represents that goundwater is supersaturated with respect to barite, kaolinite, illite, K-mica, and smectite while it is slightly undersaturated with respect to silica, gypsum, anhydrite, talc, chrysotile, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, K-mica, and smectite. The saturation index of celestine is -2.23${\sim}$-0.13 indicating more Sr can be incorporated into groundwater. Groundwater is still much undersaturated to halite. It is likely that the origin of S and Sr was related to the Yucheon volcanic rocks. Br might be originated from the local geological features with introduction of anthropogenic matters.

Diversity and Geographical Relationships by SSR Marker in Subgenus Soja Originated from Korea (SSR 마커에 의한 한국 원산 Soja 아속의 다양성과 지리적 유연관계)

  • Cho Yang-Hee;Yoon Mun-Sup;Lee Jeong-Ran;Baek Hyung-Jin;Kim Chang-Yung;Kim Tae-San;Cho Eun-Gi;Lee Hee-Bong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.51 no.3
    • /
    • pp.239-247
    • /
    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to investigate polymorphism, gene diversity, and geographical relationships of 81 Korean wild (Glycine soja) and 130 cultivated soybeans (G. max) using seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 144 alleles were observed in 211 accessions with an average of 20.6. Each SSR loci showed 13 (Satt532) to 41 (Sat_074) multialleles. The range of alleles within the loci was wider in wild soybean than the cultivated soybeans. The average genetic diversity values were 0.88 and 0.69 in wild and cultivated soybeans, respectively. In a scatter diagram of wild and cultivated soybeans based on canonical discriminant analysis, CAN1 accounted for 84.2% while CAN2 did 8.5%. Two species were grouped into three: group I (G. max), group II (G. soja), and group III (complex of G. max and G. soja). The geographical relationships of wild soybean were distinguished into two groups: Gyeonggi for Group I, and Gyeongsang, Jeolla, Gangwon, and Chungcheong for Group II. Those of cultivated soybeans were distinguished into Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Gyeongsang for Group I, and Jeolla and Chungcheong for Group II. Therefore, the geographical relationships of wild soybeans were well typified based on the ecosystems of the Korean peninsula.

Summer Hydrographic Features of the East Sea Analyzed by the Optimum Multiparameter Method (OMP 방법으로 분석한 하계 동해의 수계 특성)

  • Kim, Il-Nam;Lee, Tong-Sup
    • Ocean and Polar Research
    • /
    • v.26 no.4
    • /
    • pp.581-594
    • /
    • 2004
  • CREAHS II carried out an intensive hydrographic survey covering almost entire East Sea in 1999. Hydrographic data from total 203 stations were released to public on the internee. This paper summarized the results of water mass analysis by OHP (Optimum Multiparameter) method that utilizes temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, silicate, nitrate, phosphate and location data as an input data-matrix. A total of eight source water types are identified in the East Sea: four in surface waters(North Korea Surface Water, Tatar Surface Cold Water, East Korean Coastal Water, Modified Tsushima Surface Water), two intermediate water types (Tsushima Middle Water, Liman Cold Water), two deep water types (East Sea Intermediate Water, East Sea Proper Water). Of these NKSW, MTSW and TSCW are the newly reported as the source water type. Distribution of each water types reveals several few interesting hydrographic features. A few noteworthy are summarized as follows: The Tsushima Warm Current enter the East Sea as three branches; East Korea Coastal Water propagates north along the coast around $38^{\circ}N$ then turns to northeastward to $42^{\circ}N$ and moves eastward. Cold waters of northern origin move southward along the coast at the subsurface, which existence the existence of a circulation cell at the intermediate depth of the East Sea. The estimated volume of each water types inferred from the OMP results show that the deep waters (ESIW + ESPW) fill up ca. 90% of the East Sea basins. Consequently the formation and circulation of deep waters are the key factors controlling environmental condition of the East Sea.

Topographic Placement(Structure) and Macro Benthos Community in Winter for the Shellfish Farm of Namsung-ri, Goheung (고흥 남성리 패류양식장의 지형 구조와 저서생물 현장 조사)

  • Jo, Yeong-Hyun;Kim, Yun;Ryu, Cheong-Ro;Lee, Kyeong-Sig;Lee, In-Tae;Yoon, Han-Sam;Jun, Sue-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
    • /
    • v.16 no.2
    • /
    • pp.175-183
    • /
    • 2010
  • To understand the variation of macro benthos community according to the installation of structure and topographic placement in the shellfish farm on tidal flat, the practical example of the tidal shellfish growing area at Namsung-ri Goheung was observed. The results of the research for the field observation were summarized as follows. (1) The ground gradient of the shellfish farm was very flat below about $1^{\circ}$. The shellfish farm ground took the shape of $\sqcup$ from the shoreline to the place of 150 m seawards, and the shape of $\sqcap$ from there to the low tide line. During ebb tide, the $\sqcup$ shape ground stored the sea water, and the $\sqcap$ shape ground was supposed to act as the effect factor to leak slowly or to prevent the outflow. (2) The oyster shell bag or the type of riprap wall as the boundary in the shellfish farm was classified into five types. The air exposure time and flooding time were 181 and 434 minutes, respectively. (3) In the numerical experiment, the deep-sea water wave coming in the study area had 0.5 m of maximum wave height to show the very stable conditions and the wave direction pattern of S-direction was dominant at Naro great ridge, and SE, SSW and S-direction were distributed strongly around the shellfish farm. (4) By the grain size analysis, the sediment around tidal flat consisted of gravel 0.00~5.81(average 1.70)%, sand 14.15~18.39(average 13.23)%, silt 27.59~47.15(average 30.84)% and clay 35.79~55.73(average 36.19)%, and the sediment type was divided into (g)M(lightly gravelly mud), sM(sandy mud) and gM(gravelly mud) by Folk's diagram. (5) The macro benthos community survey conducted in this site in January, 2010 showed that 1 species of Mollusca, 8 species of Polychaeta and 2 species of Crustacea appeared, and 11 species occupying over 1% of total abundance were dominant.