• 한국사회복지학
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.341-370
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• 2006

본 연구는 부 모 노동력의 탈상품화 가족화와 상품화 탈가족화 정도를 반영하는 부모권과 노동권 지원수준을 통해 OECD 21개국을 비교분석하여 몇 가지 중요한 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째는 남성생계 부양자에 근거한 주류 복지국가 논의에 대한 대안적 논의의 가능성을 열어 놓았다는 점이고, 둘째는 사민주의 4개국은 구사회위험 뿐만 아니라 신사회위험에 대해서도 (상대적으로) 적절한 대응을 하고 있다는 점이다. 셋째는 부모권의 지원 문제, 즉 가족정책의 가족화 수준이 반드시 탈가족화 수준과 일치하지 않을 수도 있다는 것이다. 프랑스, 오스트리아의 예에서 보듯 두 국가 부모휴가제도의 탈상품화 수준은 낮지만 가족화 수준은 상대적으로 높게 나타났기 때문이다. 이러한 결과에 근거해 한국가족 정책에 대한 몇 가지 주요한 함의를 정리하였다. 첫째, 가족정책과 관련된 정책목표의 달성은 단순히 제도도입 여부와 같은 형식적 문제가 아니라 부모휴가(육아휴직)제도 등이 실제적으로 부 모의 실제적 이해와 요구를 반영하는 수준의 지원이 이루어져야한다는 점이다. 둘째, 한국가족정책에서 높은 수준의(탈)상품화 (탈)가족화를 제도화할 수 있는 힘은 한국사회의 여성유급노동에 대한 객관적 필요에 의해 결정될 것이므로, 여성의 유급고용 확대를 위한 시장과 비시장부분에서의 충분한 정책적 노력이 진행되어한다. 셋째, 임신, 출산, 양육이라는 신사회위험에 대한 가족정책의 대응을 위해 계급과 계층을 가로지는 새로운 사회연대를 모색해야 한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2000

Cytotoxic substances in dental calculus and root cementum of periodontally diseased teeth inhibit new attachment and regeneration. The purpose of scaling and root planing is to remove pathologic structures harboring these cytotoxic substances in order to create a biologically acceptable root surface. However, these procedures inevitably leave a non-biocompatible smear layer. Conventionally, the smear layer has been removed with low pH etching agents such as citric acid, phosphoric acid and tetracycline hydrochloride(TC). Lately, a supersaturated neutral pH etching solution of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA) has been found to be as effective as low pH etchants with respect to smear removal and to be superior in exposing root surfaceassociated collagen. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of root surface treatment using EDTA on the initial attachment of human gingival fibroblasts. 27 human teeth, extracted due to severe periodontitis, were cut into dentin slices after root planing. The specimens were divided into TC group(treated with $50㎎/m{\ell}$ tetracycline-HCl, pH 1.52), EDTA group(treated with 17% EDTA, pH 7.4), and non-treated control group. After sterilization, 5th subcultured human gingival fibroblasts were seeded in each culture well containing a prepared root slice and incubated for 15 min., 60 min., and 4 hours in 5% $CO_2$ incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. At each incubation time, the number of attached fibroblasts were counted on the microphotographs taken at a magnification of x100. The difference of the number of attached cells between groups was statistically analyzed by the ANOVA followed by Duncan test in SPSS/PC＋programs. The results were as follows : 1. After incubation for 15 min, the attached cells were significantly more in EDTA group and TC group than non-treated control group(p<0.05), but there was no significance in the difference between EDTA group and TC group(p>0.1). 2. After incubation for 60 min and 4 hours, there was no significant difference in the number of attached cells between all groups(p>0.1). 3. In both EDTA group and TC group, there was no significant difference in the number of attached cells between different incubation(p>0.1). But in control group, the number of attached cells was significantly increased after incubation for 60 min, compared with incubation for 15 min(p<0.05). The above results suggest that root surface treatment using EDTA could enhance the initial attachment of gingival fibroblasts to root surface as effective as tetracycline-HCl.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2013

구기자 잎의 이용 범위 확대를 통한 폐기처리 비용 경감과 구기자 잎 약리효능의 부가적 이용 등을 목적으로 구기자 잎의 첨가가 전통 막걸리의 품질과 항고혈압활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 먼저 구기자 잎 막걸리 제조용 최적 효모를 선발한 결과, 우수 알코올 발효 효모로 시판 Saccharomyces cerevisiae F-1을 최종 선발하였다. 최적 알코올 발효조건을 검토한 결과 먼저 증자 멥쌀 120 g을 끓는물 100 mL로 호화시킨 후 시판 JJ곡자(300 sp) 60.5 g과 위에서 선발한 Saccharomyces cerevisiae F-1 활성액 5%를 첨가하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 2일간 발효시켜 밑술을 제조하였다. 여기에 다시 증자 멥쌀 150 g과 찹쌀 100 g, 담금용수 500 mL을 혼합한 다음 구기자 잎을 증자미의 0.1%를 첨가하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 5일간 발효시켜 여과했을 때 기호도가 우수하면서 항고혈압성 안지오텐신 전환효소 활성이 55.4%로 비교적 높은 구기자 잎 막걸리를 제조할 수 있었다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

본 연구는 성폭력관련기관 상담원들이 많이 받고 있는 직무상의 스트레스가 개인에게 어떠한 문제가 맞닥뜨렸을 때 대처하는 능력인 자아탄력성과 직장을 떠나려고 하는 생각의 여부를 측정하는 융합적 이직 의도간의 관계와 스트레스가 이직 의도와 어떠한 관계가 있으며, 이 두 변인의 관계에서 자아탄력성의 매개효과가 어떠한지를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 대상은 전국에 소재한 성폭력상담소 등 여성 관련업계에 근무하는 성폭력 상담원 243명이다. 연구도구는 상담원의 연구변수에 관한 설문지로 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 상관관계 분석과 Bron & Kenny의 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 성폭력 관련기관 상담원의 직무스트레스와 이직 의도는 정적 상관관계를 보였으며, 자아탄력성과 직무스트레스, 이직 의도는 부적상관관계를 나타났다. 둘째, 자아탄력성의 매개효과를 본 결과, 자아탄력성은 상담원들이 많이 받고 있는 직무상의 직무스트레스와 직장을 떠나려고 하는 생각의 여부를 측정하는 이직 의도간의 관계에서 매개변인으로서의 역할을 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 상담원의 스트레스와 이직 의도에 관계에서 자아탄력성의 의해 매개되어짐을 밝혀 상담원의 스트레스가 이직 의도에 영향을 미치는 데에 있어 자아탄력성이 중요한 변인임을 알 수 있다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 딱총나무의 항산화 활성을 조사해 보았다. 딱총나무 잎과 줄기의 물추출물에는 6.6 mg/g과 2.0 mg/g의 phenolic compound가 함유되어 있었다. 추출물의 항산화 활성 실험에서 전자공여능은 딱총나무 잎의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 99.5%, 89.7%, 줄기의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 92.2%, 94.3%의 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 ABTS radical cation decolorization 측정에서도 딱총나무 잎의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 79.8%, 99.1%, 줄기의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서 90.8%, 97.2%의 매우 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. Antioxidant protection factor에서는 딱총나무 잎의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 1.1과 1.1 PF, 줄기의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 1.4와 1.0 PF의 항산화효과를 나타내었다. Thiobarbituric acid reaction substance 측정에서도 딱총나무 잎의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 88.7%, 98.1%, 줄기의 물과 에탄올 추출물 phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$의 함량에서는 93.6%, 90.6%로 positive control인 BHT 및 vitamin C보다 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과로 딱총나무의 항산화 활성을 이용한 천연 기능성 식품소재로서의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2008

During maintenance or construction works in or at the tracks of railways, high risks for passengers and railway staff, especially for the workers on the construction site exist. The high risks result out of the movement of rail vehicles, like trains or construction vehicles, which must be faced by using any available technical and operational technologies for securing them against the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the level of protection continuously and to identify new and innovative methods and technologies for the protection of the gang (construction worker, machines and material). Especially on construction sites at line sections with two or more parallel tracks but also with single tracks, there are still a lot of incidents and accidents mostly with seriously injured persons or fatalities. These were mainly gang members that breach the railway-loading gage. By using proper warning or protection systems, the avoidance of such accidents must be achieved. The latest developments. in gang protection systems concern on the one hand fixed barriers in the middle between the construction site and the operated track and on the other hand construction vehicles equipped with automatic warning systems. The disadvantage of such protection methods is that the gang can be warned against an approaching train but a monitoring of the gang members cannot be performed. Only one part of a potential dangerous situation will be detected. If the gang members will overhear the acoustic warning signal of the security staff and the workers will not leave the danger zone in the track, the driver of the approaching train had no chance to react to the dangerous situation. An accident is often inevitable. While the detection of acoustic warning signals by the gang members working on a construction site is very difficult, the acoustical planning of an automatic warning system has to be designed for an acoustic short range level of one meter besides the construction vehicle. The decision about the use of today's technical warning system (fixed systems, automatic warning systems, etc.) must be geared to the technical feasibility and the level of safety which is needed. Criteria for decision guidance to block a track should be developed by danger estimation and economical variables. To realize the actual jurisdiction and to minimize the hazards of railway operations by the use of construction vehicles near the tracks further developments are needed. This means, that the warning systems have to be enhanced to systems for protection, which monitor the realization of the warning signal as a precondition for giving a movement authority to a train. This method can protect against accidents caused by predictable wrongdoing. The actual state of the art technique of using a collective warning combined with additional security staff is no longer acceptable. Therefore, the Institute of Transportation System of the German Aerospace Center in Braunschweig (Germany) will develop a gang warning and protection system based upon imaging methods, with optical sensors such as video in visible and invisible ranges, radar, laser, and other. The advantage of such a system based on the possibility to monitor both the gang itself and the railway-loading gauge either of the parallel track or of the same track still in use. By monitoring both situations, the system will be able to generate a warning message for the approaching train, that there are obstacles in the track, so that the train can be stopped to prevent an accident. And also the gang workers will be warned, while they breach their area.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.23-43
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and analyse factors related to the actual status and practice of breast-feeding during an infant period to grasp elements detrimental to breast-feeding and, therefore, provide basic information useful for its effective practice and encouragement. Method: From April 1 to June 30, 2001, this study was carried out with the mothers of 337 who were 6 months old, as of the surveyed date, of infants born in 2002 and registered in Seongju-gun Public Health Center, Gyeongsangbug-do Province. The method for its survey included both of the visiting and telephone interviews, and questions were mainly about the mothers' general characteristics(3 questions), infants' general characteristics(3 questions), environmental characteristics of infant delivery( 4 questions), support to breast-feeding(4 questions), understanding of breast-feeding(5 questions), and feeding type during the 1 to 6-month period after birth. Result: 1. The feeding type during the I-month period after birth showed that the breast-feeding accounted for 42.4%, which was higher than dry milk-feeding(30%) or mixed milk-feeding(26.8%). However, it began to be lower than the dry milk-feeding from the 2-month period after birth. During the 6-month period, the breast-feeding accounted for 28.6% which was lower than 56.5% of the dry milk-feeding. 2. The mothers who were encouraged by their delivery clinic to and were educated to breast-feed infants accounted for 55.4% and 41.4%, respectively, which were relatively low. The understanding of breast-feeding indicated that the responses were positive from the view point of mother ＆ infant health, but negative from mother's physical form. 3. It was shown that the lower the educational background of mother(p〈0.05) and the higher the unemployment of mother(p〈0.001), the higher the positive understanding of breast-feeding, and that the higher the entire support to breast-feeding, the more positive their understanding. 4. It was also shown that the lower the educational background of mother(p〈0.05), the higher the unemployment of mother(p〈0.001), the more the experience in breast-feeding at a delivery clinic(p〈0.01) and the faster the initial feeding(p〈0.001), the higher the rate of breast-feeding. 5. The factor having an effect on breast-feeding included a delivery clinic's encouragement to breast-feed(p〈0.001), understanding of breast-feeding(p〈0.01), father's comment on feeding method(p〈0.05) and mother's employment(p〈0.05). Discussion: In order to encourage the breast-feeding, as shown above, it is required, fist of all, to offer pregnant women an education about importance and excellence of breast-feeding and its appropriate method before delivery in advance to result in a positive comprehension of the breast-feeding. To do that, both the publicity activities and program development designed to encourage the breast-feeding must be performed in advance at the government level. In addition to that, the mother-infant space as ‘rooming-in’ available for breast-feeding immediately after delivery must be prepared on the basis of legal and administrative support. Finally, female employees' leave after childbirth must be performed for the purpose of productive welfare and circumstances also be prepared for breast-feeding, such as a children's home at work.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권2B호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2006

일반적인 IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN에서는 피코넷을 관리하던 PicoNet Coordinator(PNC)가 비정상적으로 망을 떠나게 되거나, 두 개 이상의 피코넷들이 인접해 있을 때 각 PNC로부터 주기적으로 송신되는 비컨 프레임들 사이에 충돌이 발생하게 되면, 각 피코넷에 속한 단말들이 해당 비컨 프레임을 수신하지 못하게 되면서 피코렛의 동작이 와해되는 심각한 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 다음과 같은 두 가지의 방안을 제안하였다. 첫 번째는 PNC의 비정상적인 이탈에 대비하기 위해서 각 단말들이 능동적으로 프로브 프레임을 전송하여 해당 PNC의 동작여부를 확인하도록 함으로써 신속히 새로운 PNC를 선출하는 능동적 PNC 핸드오버 방법인 Active Seamless Coordinator Switching(ASCS) 방식이다. 두 번째는 밀집된 피코넷들의 각 PNC가 주기적으로 전송하는 비컨 프레임간의 충돌을 방지하기 위한 것으로써, 각 PNC들이 해당 피코넷의 수퍼프레임 정보를 수납한 Heart Beat(HB) 프레임을 비 주기적으로 전송하여 PNC의 비컨 프레임 송신시점을 조정하도록 함으로써 비컨 프레임간의 충돌을 방지하는 PNC Heart Beat 기반의 비컨 프레임 정렬(PNC HB based Beacon Alignment) 방식이다. 제안된 두 가지 방안에 대하여 모의실험을 통해 성능을 평가한 결과, 각 방식들은 유사한 기존 방식에 비해 피코넷의 와해기간을 단축시킬 수 있어, 각 단말이 겪는 프레임당 평균 지연시간과 수퍼프레임 별 전송효율이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 특히, 제안된 방식은 WPAN규격에서 허용되는 프레임들을 활용할 수 있으므로, 구현성이 높은 장점이 있다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine department satisfaction for improving the competitiveness of department of dental technology and providing basic data for students successful guidance. Methods: The study subject were 560 students from 4 colleges, and they were selected by the convenient sampling method. Data for this survey was obtain by self-administration method. This questionnaire consist of general characteristics, the awareness of before entering department of dental technology, the satisfaction of department of dental technology, an opinion about change of one's course and temporary absence. Results: About the time of selecting their major, 70.1% of students answered the most before highschool. Department of dental technology and the most common source of information in selecting a majors is the person oneself(52.6%). The person who answers because of knowing a little bit for the question asking the priori knowledge of department of dental technology showed up as 66.3%. About the motivation for selection their major, 37.4% of students answered the most it seemed to be a future prospect. As to the extend of department satisfaction, the satisfaction showed up as 63.3%, but the extend of satisfaction was exposed to reduce as the grade increased. The dissatisfaction factor is the difficulty of the theory(29.8%). Many students do not want to change their majors even if they are provided with the chance to do so(68.7%). From the survey related to the experience of thinking over temporary absence and drop out, 56.8% of students responded they had experienced thinking about that. Current feelings after department selection was found to be the most significant factor that affects satisfaction of department of dental technology(Adjusted $R^2$=48.3%). Conclusion: The extend of satisfaction of the women is low. The extend of satisfaction reduces as the grade increases. The school subject extend of satisfaction can know that ratio about of considering the leave of absence and voluntary withdrawal increases. Therefore, the plan of education that women can adapt the women o the school subject well and that it can be satisfied is sought for. It is considered that effort promoting the extend of satisfaction is needed as the grade increases.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권4호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2010

Formaldehyde responsive protein1(FRP1)은 175개의 아미노산으로 이루어진 universal stress protein(USP) family이며 대표적인 대기오염물질인 포름알데히드에 반응하는 단백질로 보고된 바 있다. 하지만 FRP1의 기능에 관해서는 전혀 밝혀진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 FRP1의 대기오염관련 기능연구를 위하여 FRP1 유전자에 T-DNA가 삽입된 돌연변이체를 분리하여 휘발성 유기화합물에 대한 반응성 및 세포활성변화 등을 분석하였다. 총 4개의 T-DNA 삽입 돌연변이 개체를 분석한 결과 3'UTR에 pROK2 vector가 삽입된 frp1-4 라인을 분리하였으며, frp1-4에서의 FRP1 유전자의 발현을 전사수준에서 분석한 결과 분리한 frp1-4은 FRP1 기능파괴 돌연변이체임을 알 수 있었다. FRP1의 전사가 억제됨에 따라 frp1-4($29.1{\pm}2.55$ cm)은 대조구($33.75{\pm}1.55$ cm)에 비해 키가 약간 작고 rosette leaves의 크기가 줄어드는 등 전체적으로 생장과 발달이 저해되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 대조구와 frp1-4의 휘발성 유기화합물에 대한 반응성 및 세포활성 변화를 분석한 결과, 대조구는 포름알데히드 처리에 의한 엽록소 함량 저하가 7.5% 임에 반해 frp1-4은 35%에 이르러 포름알데히드에 의한 엽록소의 파괴현상이 FRP1의 기능파괴체에서 더 심각하게 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 대조구에 비해 frp1-4에서 포름알데히드 처리에 의한 세포활성의 감소가 대조구에 비해 더 현저하게 나타나는 것을 세포수준에서 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러므로 FRP1은 식물의 발달과 생장에 영향을 끼칠 뿐만 아니라 대기오염물질에 대한 스트레스 저항성에도 관여하는 단백질임을 알 수 있었다.