• 청정기술
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 크롬 탄닝을 대체할 수 있는 환경친화적인 유제 공정 처리제 (폴리머계, 폴리 페놀계, 폴리 레진계)를 개발하고, 이를 제혁 공정에 적용하여 혁의 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향 및 Cr, total nitrogen, COD, SS 등의 환경영향평가로 제혁 공정의 청정화를 위한 기초 연구를 진행하였다.

• 청정기술
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 피혁 제조 공정별 발생 폐수중 탄닝 공정에 사용되고 있는 크롬을 대체하기 위해서 전분 가수분해물인 starch을 원료로 알데하이드 함량이 다른 여러 가지 dexrin dialdehyde (DAS)를 제조하였다. 수용액상에서 산화제를 변량 하면서 (glucose에 대한 산화제의 첨가율은 1:0.3에서 1:1), 반응 조건을 달리하여 다양한 실험을 진행하였고, DAS 자체의 물성을 파악하고 가죽과의 반응 특성을 확인하였다. 제조한 DAS는 가죽의 아미노기와 결합하여 일반적인 알데하이드 탄닝제 (포름알데하이드, 그루타알데하이드)와 유사한 탄닝 특성을 보였다.

• 청정기술
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

현재 국내 피혁 업체에서는 대표적인 공해 산업으로 인식되어 있는 피혁 산업의 환경 문제를 해결하기 위하여 심혈을 기울이고 있다. 피혁 선진국에서는 피혁 전문 연구소 및 약품회사, 피혁 업체가 공동으로 대응하여 기술 개발 및 진단, 친환경 약품을 개발하고자 노력하고 있으며 본 연구는 청정 피혁 생산을 위한 저크롬 탄닝 공정 기술 보급 사업을 통하여 환경 문제의 해결하기 위하여 진행되었다. 특히 폐수나 고형폐기물의 형태로 존재하는 크롬의 처리에 환경적, 경제적 문제점으로 인해서 크롬을 적게 사용하는 저크롬 유제 공정과 크롬의 사용을 완전히 배제한 비크롬 유제 공정 기술을 대표적인 4개의 대상기업을 선정하여 기술 이전을 실시한 대표적인 친환경 제혁 기술을 소개 하고자 한다. 아울러 경량성 피혁 소재의 개발을 위해서 비금속을 이용하는 연구를 진행하고 있다.

• 복식
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2008

From the ancient Korea to the late Joseon Korean fur and leather had been preferred in and out of Korea for their good quality and excellent manufacturing skill. Since Unified Silla (A.D.676${\sim}$A.D.936) Korean fur and leather were manufactured divisionally by workmen specialized in materials and products, and such manufacturing process was succeeded to Goryeo and Joseon. Manufacturing of fur and leather was consisted of as follows: hunting and butchering - peeling - beating with a paddle and removing fat - oil manufacturing - drying - tanning, then cutting and sewing, and there was a special caring method. In order to make good fur and leather, each process of manufacturing needed particular techniques and all available methods were tried to have tender fur and leather by using smoking, excrement, lime, vegetable tannin and even cerebral liquid. And also required mouth-chewing and hand-pounding with a lot of time and of labor Keeping furs resilience and flexibility, sowing several skins together, even when the after-all-process skin was converted into clothes, was much more difficult than sewing fabric. Thus, the manufacturing cost was as much expensive as skin materials, and the volume of manufacturing of fur and leather was also limited. Therefore, fur and leather must have been popular for scarcity value in the manufacturing process, and this scarcity must have caused an extreme luxury of fur.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2007

Industrial wastewater management guideline and evaluation model of Best Available Technologies for the leather tanning and finishing industry was developed as an economical evaluation model using evaluation of BAT including economical evaluation combined with cost analysis model and cost annualization model in considering of economical factors and non-water environmental factors. It was verified that approximately 10% will be increased annually to modify conventional treatment process ($3,700m^3/d$) of J leather wastewater treatment plant to advanced process of K leather wastewater treatment plant.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2007

피혁 제조 공정중 탈모 공정 이후 나피를 분할(Splitting)하여 얻어지는 피혁 가공 부산물(Limed pelt scrap)을 이용하여 탈회 및 탈지 과정의 전처리 공정을 거친 뒤 비크롬 탄닝과 열처리에 의한 방법과 glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)와 MMA와 같은 아크릴 모노머를 이용한 그라프트 공중합을 이용한 방법으로 우수한 내열성을 갖는 미세 콜라겐 분말을 제조하였다. 물성의 비교에서 본 연구의 방법으로 생산된 콜라겐 분말들이 열분해 온도, 열 저항성, 수분변화, 입도분포 등에서 더 나은 특성을 보였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2006

The effluent limitations for individual industry based on the best available technology economically achievable (BAT) have been required to achieve effective regulation. BAT assessment criteria that are suitable for the circumstances of Korean industry were developed in the previous study. The criteria were applied to determine the BAT for leather tanning and finishing industry. For the evaluation BAT, a subcategorization for the industry considering wastewater characteristics, source equipments, raw material and so on should be suggested. Three subcategories: A) Unharing, Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish, B) Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish, and C) Furskins were proposed in this study. Wastewater discharged from the each category contains high concentration of COD, chrome, nitrogen and sulfide. In particular, the concentration of nitrogen from the subcategory A is significantly greater. Twenty sites were surveyed and wastewater qualities were analyzed. Therefore, six different technologies were applied to the subcategory A for the end-of-pipe treatment technology, and a technology was used in the subcategory B and C, respectively. The technology candidates were evaluated in terms of environmental impacts, economically achievability, treatment performance and economical reasonability. As the result, the technology options for each subcategories: A) primary chemical precipitation + modified Ludzack-Ettinger process (MLE) + secondary chemical precipitation, B) chemical precipitation + typical activated-sludge process + Fenton oxidation, C) chemical precipitation + typical activated-sludge process + batch Fenton oxidation or batch activated carbon treatment were selected as the BAT, respectively.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.122-134
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• 2022

This study is conducted on hardening leather with improved firmness and stability of shape, based on research on types and thickness of leather. The purpose of this study is to test the physical properties of the leather for molding to prepare the foundation for leather molding based on the test results using four methods by thickness of Vegetable and Split. The tests were conducted using a total of five leather types, including three types of vegetable leathers and two types of split, by thickness. Based on the testing method for leathers in KS M 6882, the tests were performed at 27℃ with relative humidity of 65±20%. The samples were prepared with cowhide, size 9cm× 2cm. The measurement parameters are length and width. thickness, volume, mass, density. Regarding the hardening treatment method, changes in appearance and major physical characteristics of leather were reviewed by soaking in hot water, dry heating, hammering, waxing, and olive oil coating. The study results are as follows. In planar works, it is judged that hardening work using a hammer is more suitable for stiffness or density in order to prevent easy breakage with adult muscle density, rather than boiling water or baking. In conclusion, there is no curling, soot, or breaking phenomenon, and the densest curing method is 50℃ for 20 sec of V2 and 75℃ for 60 sec of V2 in boiling water. The combination of paraffin treatment improve waterproof and quality.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2001

조직학적으로 피혁을 구성하고 있는 콜라겐 단백질의 성분은 미생물의 생육 조건 여부에 따라 수분을 비롯한 여러 가지 양질의 영양원을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 피혁 제조 공정 중 탄닝 공정에서 항균제의 종류별 활용 실험을 통해서 피혁의 층별 항균성 효과, 세탁에 대한 항균 지속성 연구, 가죽의 유연성(softness)을 부여하기 위하여 사용하는 가지제(fatliquor)의 종류가 항균성에 미치는 영향 등을 검토하였다. 연구 결과 피혁의 층별 실험에서는 동일한 항균제를 처리시 grain layer>middle layer>flesh layer 순으로 항균성이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 세탁에 대한 항균 지속성 실험에서는 세탁 횟수에 비례해서 향균력이 저하되는 일반적인 경향을 나타내었는데, 특별히 OITZ 계통의 항균제는 TCMTB 및 CMK 계통의 항균제보다 그 감소폭이 적음을 알 수 있었다. 가지제가 항균성에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 sulfated fatliquor(황산화 가지제)가 phosphated fatliquor(인산화 가지제)에 비해 상대적으로 더 큰 항균력을 지님을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2001

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and health promotion and control program on organic solvents in air of manufacturing industry. Methods : The author surveyed number of organic solvent components which was used in working site and also determined the organic solvents concentration in air of 927 manufacturing industries and 1,267 working process with gas chromatography(NIOSH manual) for five years from 1995 to 1999. Results : Mean number of solvents components by type of industry, working process was number of 12. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in textile manufacturing industry N,N-dimethyl furan in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and chemical and chemical product manufacturing industry by type of industry. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in handwriting and drawing process, cellosolve in adhesive spreading process, N,N-dimethly furan in production of solvent process and adhesion process by working process Total exceeded rate to threshold limit values of organic solvents mixture were 12.9% for EI(Exposure index) and 10.0% for Em(Estimation of mixture) by type of industry, 11.3% for EI and 8.2% for Em by type of working process. The highest exceed rate was 36.7% for EI in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and 29.0% for Em in textile manufacturing industry. The highest exceeded rate was 23.1% for EI and 12.5% for Em in adhesive spreading process by working process. Mean values of total subjects by type of industry and type of working process were $0.7{\pm}1.8$ for EI and $0.7{\pm}1.7$ for Em respectively. Conclusions : As above results, the author suggest that it makes the environmental control program on 1.2-dichloroethane, N,N-dimethyl furan, cellosolve by kind of organic solvent and on textile manufacturing industry, tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery harness and footwear manufacturing industry by type of industry, and on handwriting, drawing process and adhesive spreading process and adhesion process by type of working process.