• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 2013

Nowadays, in today's information society, the importance of the knowledge service using the information to creative value is getting higher day by day. In addition, depending on the development of IT technology, it is ease to collect and use information. Also, many companies actively use customer information to marketing in a variety of industries. Into the 21st century, companies have been actively using the culture arts to manage corporate image and marketing closely linked to their commercial interests. But, it is difficult that companies attract or maintain consumer's interest through their technology. For that reason, it is trend to perform cultural activities for tool of differentiation over many firms. Many firms used the customer's experience to new marketing strategy in order to effectively respond to competitive market. Accordingly, it is emerging rapidly that the necessity of personalized service to provide a new experience for people based on the personal profile information that contains the characteristics of the individual. Like this, personalized service using customer's individual profile information such as language, symbols, behavior, and emotions is very important today. Through this, we will be able to judge interaction between people and content and to maximize customer's experience and satisfaction. There are various relative works provide customer-centered service. Specially, emotion recognition research is emerging recently. Existing researches experienced emotion recognition using mostly bio-signal. Most of researches are voice and face studies that have great emotional changes. However, there are several difficulties to predict people's emotion caused by limitation of equipment and service environments. So, in this paper, we develop emotion prediction model based on vision-based interface to overcome existing limitations. Emotion recognition research based on people's gesture and posture has been processed by several researchers. This paper developed a model that recognizes people's emotional states through body gesture and posture using difference image method. And we found optimization validation model for four kinds of emotions' prediction. A proposed model purposed to automatically determine and predict 4 human emotions (Sadness, Surprise, Joy, and Disgust). To build up the model, event booth was installed in the KOCCA's lobby and we provided some proper stimulative movie to collect their body gesture and posture as the change of emotions. And then, we extracted body movements using difference image method. And we revised people data to build proposed model through neural network. The proposed model for emotion prediction used 3 type time-frame sets (20 frames, 30 frames, and 40 frames). And then, we adopted the model which has best performance compared with other models.' Before build three kinds of models, the entire 97 data set were divided into three data sets of learning, test, and validation set. The proposed model for emotion prediction was constructed using artificial neural network. In this paper, we used the back-propagation algorithm as a learning method, and set learning rate to 10%, momentum rate to 10%. The sigmoid function was used as the transform function. And we designed a three-layer perceptron neural network with one hidden layer and four output nodes. Based on the test data set, the learning for this research model was stopped when it reaches 50000 after reaching the minimum error in order to explore the point of learning. We finally processed each model's accuracy and found best model to predict each emotions. The result showed prediction accuracy 100% from sadness, and 96% from joy prediction in 20 frames set model. And 88% from surprise, and 98% from disgust in 30 frames set model. The findings of our research are expected to be useful to provide effective algorithm for personalized service in various industries such as advertisement, exhibition, performance, etc.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.293-305
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• 2016

Objective: This study aims to measure cognitive load levels by analyzing the EEG of Koreans and foreigners, when they read a Korean text with care selected by level from the grammar and vocabulary aspects, and compare the cognitive load levels through quantitative values. The study results can be utilized as basic data for more scientific approach, when Korean texts or books are developed, and an evaluation method is built, when the foreigners encounter them for learning or an assignment. Background: Based on 2014, the number of the foreign students studying in Korea was 84,801, and they increase annually. Most of them are from Asian region, and they come to Korea to enter a university or a graduate school in Korea. Because those foreign students aim to learn within Universities in Korea, they receive Korean education from their preparation for study in Korea. To enter a university in Korea, they must acquire grade 4 or higher level in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK), or they need to complete a certain educational program at each university's affiliated language institution. In such a program, the learners of the Korean language receive Korean education based on texts, except speaking domain, and the comprehension of texts can determine their academic achievements in studying after they enter their desired schools (Jeon, 2004). However, many foreigners, who finish a language course for the short-term, and need to start university study, cannot properly catch up with university classes requiring expertise with the vocabulary and grammar levels learned during the language course. Therefore, reading education, centered on a strategy to understand university textbooks regarded as top level reading texts to the foreigners, is necessary (Kim and Shin, 2015). This study carried out an experiment from a perspective that quantitative data on the readers of the main player of reading education and teaching materials need to be secured to back up the need for reading education for university study learners, and scientifically approach educational design. Namely, this study grasped the difficulty level of reading through the measurement of cognitive loads indicated in the reading activity of each text by dividing the difficulty of a teaching material (book) into eight levels, and the main player of reading into Koreans and foreigners. Method: To identify cognitive loads indicated upon reading Korean texts with care by Koreans and foreigners, this study recruited 16 participants (eight Koreans and eight foreigners). The foreigners were limited to the language course students studying the intermediate level Korean course at university-affiliated language institutions within Seoul Metropolitan Area. To identify cognitive load, as they read a text by level selected from the Korean books (difficulty: eight levels) published by King Sejong Institute (Sejonghakdang.org), the EEG sensor was attached to the frontal love (Fz) and occipital lobe (Oz). After the experiment, this study carried out a questionnaire survey to measure subjective evaluation, and identified the comprehension and difficulty on grammar and words. To find out the effects on schema that may affect text comprehension, this study controlled the Korean texts, and measured EEG and subjective satisfaction. Results: To identify brain's cognitive load, beta band was extracted. As a result, interactions (Fz: p =0.48; Oz: p =0.00) were revealed according to Koreans and foreigners, and difficulty of the text. The cognitive loads of Koreans, the readers whose mother tongue is Korean, were lower in reading Korean texts than those of the foreigners, and the foreigners' cognitive loads became higher gradually according to the difficulty of the texts. From the text four, which is intermediate level in difficulty, remarkable differences started to appear in comparison of the Koreans and foreigners in the beginner's level text. In the subjective evaluation, interactions were revealed according to the Koreans and foreigners and text difficulty (p =0.00), and satisfaction was lower, as the difficulty of the text became higher. Conclusion: When there was background knowledge in reading, namely schema was formed, the comprehension and satisfaction of the texts were higher, although higher levels of vocabulary and grammar were included in the texts than those of the readers. In the case of a text in which the difficulty of grammar was felt high in the subjective evaluation, foreigners' cognitive loads were also high, which shows the result of the loads' going up higher in proportion to the increase of difficulty. This means that the grammar factor functions as a stress factor to the foreigners' reading comprehension. Application: This study quantitatively evaluated the cognitive loads of Koreans and foreigners through EEG, based on readers and the text difficulty, when they read Korean texts. The results of this study can be used for making Korean teaching materials or Korean education content and topic selection for foreigners. If research scope is expanded to reading process using an eye-tracker, the reading education program and evaluation method for foreigners can be developed on the basis of quantitative values.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1047-1056
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• 2016

This study aims to provide managerial implications for provincial parks through an analysis on visitors' characteristics and motivational factors. The information was collected by surveying 290 visitors. The survey questionnaire consisted of questions regarding visitors' socioeconomic characteristics, characteristics of their travel behavior, visitors' motivation to visit the park, and the degree of satisfaction derived from visiting the park. Results show that most respondents appeared not to collect any information on the park prior to their visit. It was also seen that most visitors do not visit other tourist sites nearby, and are not aware of the Gochang UNESCO biosphere, which indicates that Gochang-gun, which is responsible for park management, needs to make more efforts to promote the park. A factor analysis on the visitors' motivation to visit the park extracted three factors to visit the Seonunsan Provincial Park: 'to hike,' 'to experience and observe nature,' i.e., nature learning field trip and camping, and 'to build and nurture bonding with family and friends.' To examine the effect of these various motivational factors had on the visitors' satisfaction level upon visiting the park, we conducted a multiple regression analysis with the three extracted factors to visit the park and the respondents' socioeconomic characteristics as independent variables, and the degree of recommendation of visiting the park as a dependent variable. The result shows found that, of the three travel factors, only the 'hiking' factor statistically significantly affected the degree of recommendation of visiting the park. This result suggests that the Seonunsan Provincial Park only satisfied hikers and failed to meet the demands for nature experience and observation. It is therefore suggested that the park managers develop new experience-based tourism programs, such as guided tours conducted by professional eco-interpreters.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.331-367
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• 2008

This study aims to validate a web-based neuropsychological testing tool developed by Kwak(2007) and to suggest solutions to potential problems that can deteriorate its validity. When it targets a wider range of subjects, a web-based neuropsychological testing tool is challenged by high drop-out rates, lack of motivation, lack of interactivity with the experimenter, fear of computer, etc. As a possible solution to these threats, this study aims to redesign the user interface of a web-based attention testing tool through three phases of study. In Study 1, an extensive analysis of Kwak's(2007) attention testing tool was conducted to identify potential usability problems. The Heuristic Walkthrough(HW) method was used by three usability experts to review various design features. As a result, many problems were found throughout the tool. The findings concluded that the design of instructions, user information survey forms, task screen, results screen, etc. did not conform to the needs of users and their tasks. In Study 2, 11 guidelines for the design of web-based attention testing tools were established based on the findings from Study 1. The guidelines were used to optimize the design and organization of the tool so that it fits to the user and task needs. The resulting new design alternative was then implemented as a working prototype using the JAVA programming language. In Study 3, a comparative study was conducted to demonstrate the excellence of the new design of attention testing tool(named graphic style tool) over the existing design(named text style tool). A total of 60 subjects participated in user testing sessions where their error frequency, error patterns, and subjective satisfaction were measured through performance observation and questionnaires. Through the task performance measurement, a number of user errors in various types were observed in the existing text style tool. The questionnaire results were also in support of the new graphic style tool, users rated the new graphic style tool higher than the existing text style tool in terms of overall satisfaction, screen design, terms and system information, ease of learning, and system performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.675-681
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• 2021

Recently, the Ministry of Education stipulates in the distance class operation regulations that student lecture evaluations for distance learning subjects should be conducted at least twice per semester and the results should be disclosed to students. Therefore, the lecture evaluation of D college was compared with the first semester of 2020 and the first semester of 2021. As for the multiple-choice evaluation result of the distance learning mid-course evaluation, the overall average of the mid-course evaluation of the distance class in the first semester of 2020 increased from 4.1819 to 4.4000 in the mid-course evaluation in the first semester of 2021.In the case of the first semester of 2020, due to Corona 19, all non-face-to-face classes were held, but in the first semester of 2021, face-to-face classes increased. The overall satisfaction level rose from 4.18 points in the first semester of 2020 to 4.39 points in the first semester of 2021. The screen composition, sound and picture quality, playback time, face appearance, lecture material provision, and frequency of use of the top 3% and bottom 3% also increased. Despite the changes caused by the LMS replacement, which was a concern, student attendance, assignments, and test submission rates also increased compared to the previous year. The null hypothesis that 'the difference between the two scores is the same' is the null hypothesis because the probability of significance is 0.000 and less than 0.05 in the case of the best 3% of the test result of the test result of the mid-course evaluation of distance classes in the first semester of 2020 and the evaluation of the intermediate lectures in the first semester of 2021. As this was rejected, it can be seen that the best score for the 2021 school year has significantly increased compared to the first semester of 2020. Also, in the case of Worst 3% or less, the significance probability is 0.000, which is less than 0.05, so the null hypothesis that 'the difference between the two scores is the same' was rejected, indicating that the Worst score for the 2021 school year was significantly higher than that for the first semester of 2020.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 2021

Purpose: Clinical practicums via non-face-to-face methods were inevitable due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We developed an online program for emergency nursing care and identified the feasibility of the program and the learning achievements of students. Methods: This was a methodological study. The program was developed by three professors who taught theory and clinical practicum for adult nursing care and clinical experts. Students received four hours of video content and two task activities every week in four-week program. Real-time interactive video conferences were included. Qualitative and qualitative data were collected. Results: A total of 96 students participated in the program. The mean score for overall satisfaction with the online program was 4.72(±1.02) out of 6. Subjects that generally had high learning achievement scores were basic life support care, fall prevention, nursing documentation, infection control, and anaphylaxis care. As a result of a content analysis of 77 reflective logs on the advantages of this program, students reported that "experience in applying nursing process," "case-based learning and teaching method," and "No time and space constraints" were the program's best features. Conclusion: Collaboration between hospitals and universities for nursing is more important than ever to develop online content for effective clinical practicum.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.28
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• pp.183-212
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical base for making a character education program and to develop a school violence prevention program and analysis the effects of the program in elementary schools. The prevention program was designed to target students, teachers, parents and community residents and utilized the above groups as participants. This study is developed on the basis of Social Emotional Learning as well as Emotional Intelligence which put on the importance on the role of emotion in the problem solving. In concrete, school violence prevention program based on the social and emotional learning, development of integrative programs articulating three key domains directly and indirectly influencing students' character formation, maximum use of the educational institutes' moral education curriculums and potential curriculums in the surrounding environment. To do so, bibliographical study and analysis of the research materials are carried out, and also the professionals' advice is received. The study object is 113 elementary school students of 2 elementary schools in Seoul. For them, the preparatory program is carried out from September 2009 to November 2009. And then, the analysis for the satisfaction degree of participation in the program and for the descriptive results of the school violence prevention education is carried out.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.270-276
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to deal with fire fighting safety education primarily among the fields of child safety education. So, first of all, this study considered the theoretical background of fire fighting safety education. And this study analyzed the present state and cases of safety accidents in elementary schools. And by focusing on the fire fighting science class for elementary schools which Gyeonggi-do Goyang fire station is executing now, this study analyzed the educational outline, present state, educational goal, and content of fire fighting science class, and conducted the satisfaction survey through questionnaire over the elementary school students participating in fire fighting science class and the fire fighting officers in charge of fire fighting science class. On basis of this research, by developing the new field of fire fighting education and publicity into the program which can diffuse the fire fighting-related chemical experiment based on the science of chemistry and physics in the future and so provide the pleasure and surprise of experiencing directly not only natural fire fighting education and publicity but also learning and the common sense of fire fighting, this study tried to present the alternatives about the measures for activating the fire fighting safety education in elementary schools.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.161-175
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of perception on giftedness between homeroom teachers and teachers of the gifted. The data was collected from 13 homeroom teachers and 8 teachers of gifted students. It was analyzed using recommendation letters, and shorthand notes about giftedness. The results of the study were as follows: most homeroom teachers used awards, learning attitude, presentation of self and school achievements for defined giftedness and preferred an exemplary student with task commitment but often overlooked motivation. The teachers of the gifted preferred motivation and self-satisfaction but not other social and affective characteristics. Also homeroom teachers thought that education condition is important, while the teachers of the gifted believed it was not an all important element. These differences will hurt the credibility in the selection or gifted students because homeroom teachers and teachers of the gifted use different words and expressions in their assessments of the same students. Therefore, I believe more needs to be done to encourage homeroom teachers to better understand gifted children through training programs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.85-93
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• 2016

Convergent education is essential to develop consilient thinking skills, ability to recreate information and knowledge, and problem-solving skills which are demanded in society of convergent knowledge. Accordingly, this study is going to develop a convergent class model of augmented reality and art based on consilient knowledge. Teaching model is designed based on the ADDIE model, which was operated by opening a real class in order to verify the validity. The result showed a high satisfaction of learners showed the ability to adapt to the major areas associated with the cultivation of learners. Characteristics of augmented reality medium were found to enable learners to analyze a new phenomenon and to fuse the necessary knowledge by inducing them to actively interact by the their intention in learning. Therefore, it is possible to cultivate creative and convergent persons of ability equipped with more flexible and creative thinking ability and discernment through deepened education for recognizing and understanding convergent cases between art and scientific technology. There is a study on the validation and the convergence of different subjects in terms of a variety of aspects, left behind of this study.