• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-37
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of logical thinking and scientific reasoning pattern of Korean high school students. To carry out this study subjects were selected about 2,000 Junior high school students, and about 4,100 senior high school students throughout the nation. They were identified as concrete, transitional or formal operational stage with the use of TOLT(the Test of Logical Thinking) by Tobin and Capie(1980), and TOSR(the Test of Scientific Reasoning) by W.A Farmer(1986). This study turned out that more than 76% of Junior high school students were classified as the concrete operational stage and about 44% of senior high school students were classified as the formal operational stage, while about 26% of them were still in the concrete operational level. This study showed that the main factor of the intellectual development of students is learning by the gradual advancement of their grades and especially entrance into the senior high school rather than by the physical growth. This study also showed that there are the take-off stage of the development of logical thinking between fourteen and fifteen years of their ages. Less than 25% of junior high school students were in the formal operational stages which are capable of control of variables, probabilistic, correlation and combinational logic in problem-solving situation, while 33-54% of senior high school students were in the formal operational levels. 38% of junior high school students were in the formal operational stage which is capable of proportional logic, while about 55% of senior high school students were in the formal operational stage. Less than 20% of senior high school students were classified as group of highly capable of scientific reasoning, while more than 23% of them were classified as group of poor capability. It also turned out that there are differences or no differences between male and female students of each school in problem-solving situation regarding each logic approach. These differences were proved to be fluctuating depending on the situations and their grades. The other results of this study is similar to those of other researches such as Tomlinson-Keasey 1972, Coleman 1973, Lawson 1973, Lawson and Renner 1974, Neimark 1975, Han 1982, and Kim 1989.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.115-154
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• 2017

This article offers a review of the major literature about sectoral innovation studies of Korea and its implications over the past 30 years. The literature on the sectoral innovation studies in Korea has focused on analysing successful technological catch-up from an evolutionary perspective and most of research has centered on the issues about entry strategies, learning mechanisms. Recently "Emerging economies" like Korea in the 2000s face major challenges as they make a transition from (a) a phase of economic development characterised by 'catching up' with the global technological frontier, involving technological "imitation", to (b) a phase of continuing development based on the development of new knowledge for globally leading (post catch-up) product and process innovation. This paper reviews those bodies of literature of patterns of sectoral innovation, technological capability accumulation and catch-up process, catch-up innovation and institutions, and patterns of growth dynamics. Finally, given the importance of sectoral innovation studies, we suggest that industrial upgrading, transition towards leadership, dark side of catch-up issues are needed for future research directions.

• School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.223-257
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• 2008

To understand terms and symbols correctly which is the basic factor of teaming mathematics is important for understanding and utilizing related mathematic contents. Since the definition of terms and symbols is the important starting point of learning mathematics, it has been studied a lot since the ancient times. This study investigates the transition of terms and symbols which was presented in our curriculum after Korea's independence and it also investigates terms and symbols which are used for the current middle school text books. As a result of studying the transition of the terms, more detailed and broader analysis should be done for the explanation, modification, deletion, and creation of the terms. And complements are needed for some of the terms and symbols. Also, some definition of the terms which are used in some of the current middle school text books should be explained in a way that is suitable for the students' capability. And some errors and omissions of the terms need to be corrected. Furthermore, we need to compare our definition of terms with that of the other countries and modify them if it is necessary. Also, It is better to put guidelines about the interpretation of terms and symbols in the curriculum to reduce the confusion which can be produced by the variety of explanation of the definition of terms and symbols.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

This paper aims to present the model of engineering design education workshop for appropriate technologies. Since 2008 Handong Innovation Center for Engineering Education and a Non-Profit Organization, Sharing and Technology, held engineering design workshop during every summer break. We present the contents of the workshop and analyze the educational effects of the program. The workshop is entitled "Engineering Design Academy for the other 90%" because we take it serious that most of the research and development efforts of the science and technologies in the world is just focused on the rich people while the other 90% people in the world are unreachable from the benefits of the modern technologies. By the workshop we tries to provide the college students the perspectives on the worldwide poverty problems and to encourage them to serve the 3rd world people in need through their specialties in the field of engineering profession. The evaluation results by participants are very positive. Especially, we began invite the 3rd world people to the workshop as design problem clients from 2010 summer workshop. The evaluation from them are also very positive. The analysis results on the educational effects of the workshop show that the workshop improves the students skills required by the ABEEK (Acreditation Board of Engineering Education of Korea) including not only design capability but also team work, communication skill, understanding the social impacts of engineering design, engineering ethics, and globalization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 1999

In general, the information processing capability of a neural network is determined by its architecture and efficient training patterns. However, there is no systematic method for designing neural network and selecting effective training patterns. Evolutionary Algorithms(EAs) are referred to as the methods of population-based optimization. Therefore, EAs are considered as very efficient methods of optimal system design because they can provide much opportunity for obtaining the global optimal solution. In this paper, we propose a new method for finding the optimal structure of neural networks based on competitive co-evolution, which has two different populations. Each population is called the primary population and the secondary population respectively. The former is composed of the architecture of neural network and the latter is composed of training patterns. These two populations co-evolve competitively each other, that is, the training patterns will evolve to become more difficult for learning of neural networks and the architecture of neural networks will evolve to learn this patterns. This method prevents the system from the limitation of the performance by random design of neural networks and inadequate selection of training patterns. In co-evolutionary method, it is difficult to monitor the progress of co-evolution because the fitness of individuals varies dynamically. So, we also introduce the measurement method. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed method are inspected by applying it to the visual servoing of robot manipulators.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.639-647
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce a design methodology of data-centroid Radial Basis Function neural networks with extended polynomial function. The two underlying design mechanisms of such networks involve K-means clustering method and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO). The proposed algorithm is based on K-means clustering method for efficient processing of data and the optimization of model was carried out using PSO. In this paper, as the connection weight of RBF neural networks, we are able to use four types of polynomials such as simplified, linear, quadratic, and modified quadratic. Using K-means clustering, the center values of Gaussian function as activation function are selected. And the PSO-based RBF neural networks results in a structurally optimized structure and comes with a higher level of flexibility than the one encountered in the conventional RBF neural networks. The PSO-based design procedure being applied at each node of RBF neural networks leads to the selection of preferred parameters with specific local characteristics (such as the number of input variables, a specific set of input variables, and the distribution constant value in activation function) available within the RBF neural networks. To evaluate the performance of the proposed data-centroid RBF neural network with extended polynomial function, the model is experimented with using the nonlinear process data(2-Dimensional synthetic data and Mackey-Glass time series process data) and the Machine Learning dataset(NOx emission process data in gas turbine plant, Automobile Miles per Gallon(MPG) data, and Boston housing data). For the characteristic analysis of the given entire dataset with non-linearity as well as the efficient construction and evaluation of the dynamic network model, the partition of the given entire dataset distinguishes between two cases of Division I(training dataset and testing dataset) and Division II(training dataset, validation dataset, and testing dataset). A comparative analysis shows that the proposed RBF neural networks produces model with higher accuracy as well as more superb predictive capability than other intelligent models presented previously.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.653-664
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• 2021

This study proposes a STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) program for career exploration of middle school students. The proposed program utilizes VR (Virtual Reality) for new digital technology and webtoon as a popular cultural element. It enables the students to investigate promising fields and experience them virtually for themselves. We design the program based on the 2015 revised curriculum, which enhances the learning effects with existing subjects. In particular, the program provides a hybrid education to combine contact and untact classes considering the COVID-19 situation. The educational goal of the proposed program is to improve creativity and convergence capability. Specifically, it aims to prepare an educational foundation that integrates new digital technologies into education and applies the programs to school education fields. To prove the effectiveness of the developed program, we applied the program to the second graders of A middle school located in Seoul. We expect that the proposed program helps students learn how to utilize new digital technologies and explore future career paths.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-98
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to overcome the limitations of existing studies, which linearly determine the precedence factors of competency in overseas subsidiaries. The research objectives are as follows. First, what kind of nonlinear effects does the level of control held by Korean headquarters over foreign subsidiaries have in terms of competency in the subsidiaries? Second, what kind of nonlinear effects do the local experiences of overseas subsidiaries have on their competency? Design/methodology - With data on Korean multinational corporations (MNCs), this paper analyzes the effects of control levels of headquarters (HQs) and host-country experiences of foreign subsidiaries regarding competency in overseas subsidiaries. In particular, this study focuses on nonlinear models, differentiating it from previous studies. In order to examine research hypotheses, this study conducted a survey of overseas subsidiaries of Korean corporations. Surveys were conducted through various methods including e-mail, online questionnaires, fax, and telephone calls. Copies of the questionnaire were distributed to a total of 2,246 overseas subsidiaries, and 409 completed responses were collected. Excluding 15 copies that were insufficiently answered, responses from a total of 394 copies were used for analysis. Findings - This study presents the following results. First, there is a U-shaped relationship between levels of HQ control and competency in foreign subsidiaries. This means that higher levels of HQ control negatively impact the competency levels of subsidiaries because strict control undermines autonomy in subsidiaries. However, if the level of HQ control exceeds a certain point, then the transfer of knowledge between HQs and subsidiaries is facilitated. Knowledge transferred from HQs can be used as prior knowledge by foreign subsidiaries to the benefit of all parties. Accordingly, knowledge transfer negates the negative effects of excessive HQ control and positively affects competency in subsidiaries. Second, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the local (host-country) experiences of subsidiaries and competency in foreign subsidiaries. This means that foreign subsidiaries can overcome the liabilities of foreignness and contribute to capability building by accumulating unique knowledge about their host countries. However, if local experiences accumulate excessively beyond a certain point, then the host country-specific experiences of foreign subsidiaries will offset the benefits discussed above. Excessive local experiences not only increase organizational inertia, but also create a problem of goal incongruence due to information asymmetry between HQs and subsidiaries. Therefore, excessive local experiences have negative effects on competency in foreign subsidiaries. Originality/value - This study suggests the following implications. First, unlike existing studies based mainly on linear models, this study presents important theoretical implications in its focus on nonlinear models and its analysis of the effects of HQ control and local experiences on competency in foreign subsidiaries from perspectives of organizational learning theory and agency theory. Second, in terms of practical implications, the results of this study suggest that optimally raising levels of HQ control and managing the local experiences of subsidiaries without increasing organizational inertia is important for enhancing competency in foreign subsidiaries.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.845-858
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• 2019

The most serious problem company facing in today's business environment is the failure of new product development outcomes. Statistically, almost half of the new products released each year failed. Despite the innovative technological advances, consumers' expectation level become much higher and global competition is intensifying. In addition, the new product life cycle is becoming shorter and shorter. It is difficult for a company to survive without developing long-lived products. The most important issue in a company's success and failure is the successful development and introduction of new products. Previous research has presented many determinants to achieve a successful new product development. This study focuses on dynamic competence as an important determinant, and identifies the constituting elements. Enterprises need to acquire, absorb, integrate and reconfigure their resources to survive and develop continuously. It is necessary to hold a dynamic ability switching resource bases in order to adapt to changing environments. The results of this study are as follows: First, the effect of learning, reconfiguration, and alliance capabilities on the new product development of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises seems to be positive. Second, the integrative and reconfiguration capabilities positively affect a new product development under high environmental turbulence.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.475-482
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• 2019

Subseasonal-to-Seasonal (S2S) prediction information which have 2 weeks to 2 months lead time are expected to be used through many parts of industry fields, but utilizability is not reached to expectation because of lower predictability than weather forecast and mid- /long-term forecast. In this study, we used multi-layer perceptron (MLP) which is one of machine learning technique that was built for regression training in order to improve predictability of S2S precipitation data at South Korea through post-processing. Hindcast information of ECMWF was used for MLP training and the original data were compared with trained outputs based on dichotomous forecast technique. As a result, Bias score, accuracy, and Critical Success Index (CSI) of trained output were improved on average by 59.7%, 124.3% and 88.5%, respectively. Probability of detection (POD) score was decreased on average by 9.5% and the reason was analyzed that ECMWF's model excessively predicted precipitation days. In this study, we confirmed that predictability of ECMWF's S2S information can be improved by post-processing using MLP even the predictability of original data was low. The results of this study can be used to increase the capability of S2S information in water resource and agricultural fields.