• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.280-285
• /
• 2001

귀납적학습 알고리즘과 분석적학습 알고리즘을 결합한 지식기반인공신경망이 제안된 후, 이를 개선한 TopGen, TR-KBANN, THRE-KBANN과 같은 영역이론정련알고리즘이 제시되었다. 그러나 이들은 모두 KBANN과 같이 영역이론이 있을 경우에만 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 영역이론이 없이 예제만 있는 경우 KBANN으로 표기하는 알고리즘을 제시하였다. KBANN으로 표현된 영역 이론은 THRE-KBANN으로 정련화될 수 있다. 이 알고리즘을 귀납적 학습에서 사용하는 몇 개의 문제영역에 적용하여 실험한 결과 C4.5보다 좋은 성능을 나타냈다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2011

Past theories on construction price formation have been shown to be inadequate in terms of their ability to represent real-life industry practice and price formation predictability. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework on construction price formation that integrates four theories within the domains of marketing, learning, resource management and economics. These are: (i) marketing pricing theory; (ii) experiential and organisational learning theory; (iii) resourced based theory and (iv) microeconomic theory. Utilising pricing theory from marketing, a foundation is able to be created for the procedure of construction price formation, namely: (i) identifying the objectives; (ii) assessing the tendering environment; and (iii) formation of the price. However, understanding contractors' decision making process in tender pricing as such can be attributed to theories of experiential learning and consequently organisational learning. It is argued that contractors do learn from past experience and history and are able to adapt to different market conditions. In formation of the price, neoclassical microeconomics is able to provide additional insight in terms of the supply and demand model and consideration of the market conditions. Interrelated with the microeconomic concept of scarcity, we appreciate that contractors do have limited resources that affect their tender pricing decisions and resource based theory is used to substantiate this. Integrating the various theories as a unity allows the broader reality to be visualised and add to our theoretical understanding of construction price formation.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to present a framework for determining the most appropriate business model for e-learning. Research design, data, and methodology - The Electronics Branch of Azad University has been elected as a case study in this research. This study conducted using a descriptive method. The information was obtained using interviews with experts including managers, faculty and students at the Electronics Branch of Azad University. Results - Three service-product system (product oriented system, use an oriented and result oriented system) approaches determined a framework for the formation of a portfolio. This portfolio is including three types of e-learning business models. Examining the relevant characteristics, correspondence of behaviorism learning theory with a product-oriented approach, correspondence of cognitivism theory with a user-oriented approach and in finally match correspondence of constructivist learning theory with a results-oriented approach which is evident. Conclusions - After reviewing the literature on the fields of e-learning, business model and product - service systems, we have achieved three types of e-learning business models. Then the variables in any of the business models were defined by using business model canvas tool and thus a portfolio consisting of three types of e-learning business model canvas was obtained.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2009

컴퓨터 프로그래밍 언어 학습은 프로그래밍과 디버깅 과정을 통해 컴퓨터 작동원리를 이해할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 논리적 사고력, 문제해결력과 같은 고차원적 사고능력을 함양시켜주는 교육적 효과가 있다. 본 연구에서는 프로그래밍 언어 학습에서 학습자들의 내재적인 학습 동기를 유발하고 학습을 지속시키기 위한 방안으로 몰입이론을 적용하였다. 이를 위해 몰입의 구성 요소를 적요한 교수 학습 전략들을 개발한 후, 이것을 WBI로 설계, 구현하였다. 또한, 구현된 WBI를 실제 교수-학습 현장에 적용하여, 학습자의 몰입수준 변화와 학업성취도에 미치는 효과에 대해 검증하였다. 그 결과 몰입이론을 적용한 WBI 학습이 학습 목표의식과 도전감, 구체적인 피드백을 이루어 몰입 수준 향상에 효과적이었으며, 몰입 경험이 학습 결과에 긍정적인 영향을 끼쳐 학업성취도(프로그래밍 능력)의 향상에 효과적이었다.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.39-69
• /
• 2010

This study aims to identify how participants in online-incorporated English learning perceive interaction between achievement and factors of learning and personality. Using grounded theory analysis, this study attempts to generate a theoretical model depicting how the factors work with the L2 learners situated in the learning setting. A total of 231 college freshmen participated in online and offline EFL learning programs for the duration of one semester. In addition, all respondents completed a survey questionnaire on their learning experiences. In the investigation of the differences between low- and high-proficiency groups, audio-taped interviews with 20 selected students, 10 from each group, have revealed differences not only in the types of personal and instructional factors, but also, more importantly, in the interrelationship between these factors in each group's learning model. These models effectively explained the statistically significant differences in four questionnaire items, such as online learning and contributions of offline class sections to their L2 achievement. These findings entail L2 practitioners' shared understandings of their students' perspectives of learning in the specific L2 learning context.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.27-47
• /
• 2007

In an effort to apply IT to practices of learning, universities are trying to implement e-Learning systems and expanding the extent of their usage. Nowadays, e-Learning systems are not only used for conducting web-based distance learning, but also used for supporting traditional classes education by encouraging communication and information sharing between instructors and learners or among the learners. There is relatively lack of studies on the exploitation of e-Learning systems in the traditional classes, in comparison with a distance education. Specifically, howe-Learning systems could support the traditional class and/or which benefits e-Learning systems could offer in the classes are among the important issues. In this study, we suggest that e-Learning systems would be the rich media to communicate and exchange information among people who participate in a class. We derive key variables like media richness and media experience from Media Richness Theory and from Channel Expansion Theory. Moreover, Media usefulness and Satisfaction of a learner with e-Learning system is drawn from the literature on IS success. We examine the effects of perceived media richness, media usefulness, and media experience on leaner's satisfaction with e-Learning systems. In addition, we also investigate learner's media usefulness perception which is positively related to media richness and media experience. Finally, learner's experience with e-Learning systems affects perceived media richness. Based on the results of an empirical test. we first suggest that perceived media richness with e-Learning systems contributes to increase media usefulness and satisfaction of a learner. Second, media experience is an important predictor of media richness and media usefulness perception. Consequently, the result can support Channel Expansion Theory. Finally, media usefulness perception affects learner's satisfaction with e-Learning systems.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to overview domestic and foreign trends in the study of the landscape evaluation through new framework of landscape evaluation studies. 108 studies on the landscape evaluation are summarized and categorized into theoretical studies, verification of theories, development of evaluation methods and applications in physical planning. Major theories in the landscape evaluation came from the psycho-physics, the evolutionary theory ann the cultural-learning theory, and were verified and applied into physical planning. Early experimental researches on landscape evaluation, based on psycho-physics, were focused on relatively simple responses to landscapes. But many studies have been gradually related to the evolutionary theory and the cultural learning theory, emphasizing biological and cultural effects on landscape evaluation. Especially, Appleton's Prospect-Refuge theory' and Kaplans' 'Information Processing model' have very strong influence in landscape evaluation. Relatively there have been many application researches in Korea, which tells there have been strong needs to solve pending practical problems caused by the rapid economic and social growth for several decades. Almost of applications in physical planning are focused on physical features of landscapes, but for more comprehensive landscape evaluation, many other factors such as cognitive and sociocultural variables should be integrated into the whole evaluation system. As a result of reviewing of landscape evaluation studies, I found the overall domestic and foreign trends and the necessity of more research on the applications in physical planning. Because this study mainly focused on academic researches, for more appropriate landscape evaluation and management there should be more practical researches including various approaches.

• 의학교육논단
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2021

Learning by teaching (LbT) has long been recognized as an important learning behavior that constructs meaning based on interactions between learners. This study aimed to explore the meaning of LbT as an important learning activity for future implementation in education. LbT is based on the cultural historical activity theory and sociocultural learning theory, as developed by scholars including Vygotsky. These frameworks value the construction of meaning based on language, and LbT is reported to be effective in constructing meaning. In addition, within the zone of proximal development posited by Vygotsky, learning through interaction between learners improves academic achievement, higher-order thinking, deep learning, and reflective learning. LbT also promotes students' learning presence, and strengthens various competencies such as collaboration and communication skills. Interactive behavior between learners in the form of LbT has been explored as an approach to teaching and learning, with methods including peer learning, peer tutoring, peer teaching, peer mentoring, Lernen durch Lehren, and peer-assisted learning. LbT has also been applied as a learning method. In the future, LbT has boundless potential to improve learning through activities such as flipped learning or online learning based on interactions between learners.

• 의학교육논단
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2020

This study introduces cognitive constructivism in reference to its emergence in the development of medical education. The main concepts of cognitive constructivism as they relate to knowledge construction and the learner's process were described, and cognitive constructivism as a learning theory was examined in its capacity to help interpret the phenomenon of medical education. Piaget's theory of cognitive constructivism and Ausubel's meaningful learning theory were applied in an attempt to explore the role of students and educators, curriculum, and teaching and learning in medical education from a cognitive constructivist perspective. When faced with new information, learners compare it with the existing schema to understand, and in order to resolve conflicts caused by inconsistencies in the information, learners incorporate assimilation and accommodation to help maintain equilibration. Therefore, instructors must meaningfully connect new content to the learner's existing schema and make endless efforts to satisfy learners' intellectual curiosity. The basic premises of medical education content is a suitable subject of meaningful learning. A learner who already possesses well-structured knowledge is likely to experience meaningful learning and a richer intellectual experience. Therefore, it is necessary to organize the curriculum strategically and elaborately so that learners can have an improved and effective learning experience.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 중학교 기술 가정 수업에서 상황학습이론이 학습자들의 의생활 영역에 관련한 의식과 태도 및 수업에 대한 만족도에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 이를 목표로 가정교과의 중학교 1학년 '옷차림과 자기 표현' 단원에 상황학습 이론을 적용하여 총 3차시의 교수-학습 과정안을 개발하였다. 이렇게 개발한 교수-학습 과정안으로 서울시 B중학교 1학년 중에서 실헙집단 2학급에는 상황학습 이론을 적용한 수업을 진행하였고, 비교집단 2학급에는 전통적 강의 수업을 진행하였다. 상황학습 이론을 적용한 수업의 교육적 효과를 검증하기 위해 의생활 영역에 관련한 의식과 태도와 수업만족도 검사를 실시하고 SPSS 12.0을 이용해 신뢰도분석, 독립표본 t-검정을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 의생활 영역에 관련한 의식과 태도는 사전검사에서 두 집단 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. 사후검사에서는 상황학습에 따른 수업을 받은 실험집단이 전통적 강의 수업을 받은 비교집단보다 긍정적인 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 수업에 대한 만족도는 상황학습을 적용한 실험집단이 대체로 모든 항목에서 높은 점수를 나타낸 것으로 보아 수업에 대한 만족도가 전반적으로 높았다고 할 수 있다.