• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.72-86
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine what epistemological beliefs pre-service teachers have about science depending on the situation, and to explore in-depth changes in epistemological beliefs through disciplinary reading. For this purpose, 77 essays written by pre-service elementary school teachers after reading Feynman's 'the meaning of it all' were analyzed using an inductive analysis method. As a result of the study, the epistemological beliefs of pre-service teachers were divided into two situations: 'science in subject learning' and 'science in daily life', and the epistemological beliefs formed in the 'science handled by scientists' situation were analyzed after reading the book. Each situation was divided into sub-categories of 'Impression of Knowledge', 'Source of Knowledge', 'Justification of Knowledge', 'Variability of Knowledge', 'Structure of Knowledge', and 'Value of Knowledge Acquisition' to reveal differences in sophisticated beliefs and naive belief levels. As a result, it was derived that Feynman's science lecture influenced pre-service teachers in terms of establishing new perspectives and recontextualizing existing epistemological beliefs. This study is meaningful in that pre-service teachers' scientific epistemological beliefs may vary depending on the situation, and that the scope and depth of epistemological beliefs may be expanded to include scientists' beliefs in science through disciplinary reading.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2023

This study aimed to propose minimized radiation doses with an optimized abdomen x-ray image, which realizes a Deep Blind Image Super-Resolution Generative adversarial network (BSRGAN) technique. Entrance surface doses (ESD) measured were collected by changing exposure conditions. In the identical exposures, abdominal images were acquired and were processed with the BSRGAN. The images reconstructed by the BSRGAN were compared to a reference image with 80 kVp and 320 mA, which was evaluated by mean squared error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). In addition, signal profile analysis was employed to validate the effect of the images reconstructed by the BSRGAN. The exposure conditions with the lowest MSE (about 0.285) were shown in 90 kVp, 125 mA and 100 kVp, 100 mA, which decreased the ESD in about 52 to 53% reduction), exhibiting PSNR = 37.694 and SSIM = 0.999. The signal intensity variations in the optimized conditions rather decreased than that of the reference image. This means that the optimized exposure conditions would obtain reasonable image quality with a substantial decrease of the radiation dose, indicating it could sufficiently reflect the concept of As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) as the principle of radiation protection.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-74
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a music teacher training program for global citizenship education and explore its effects on the participants' capacity for global citizenship. The program focused on multicultural education, including diversity and tolerance, among various topics in global citizenship education and consisted of practice to develop lesson plans for middle school music classes as well as theory about music in diverse sociocultural environments. The results showed that this program positively affected the participants' attitudes about a music teacher's role in the multicultural classroom. This program enabled participants to identify and reflect on any prejudice they may have against diversity and multiculturalism and to consider the role of music teachers in multicultural learning environments. The program also helped the participants develop greater self-efficacy as music teachers in multicultural environments and see music as a symbolic expression and a social and cultural product. Finally, the participants showed their positive attitude toward transformative pedagogy and considered various topics in global citizenship education beyond diversity and multiculturalism through multilateral understanding and exploration about music based on theory and practice in global citizenship education.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.59-87
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• 2023

The aim of this study is to provide practical instances of implementing picture book reading sessions within school libraries to enhance language proficiency and foster emotional stability among lower-grade multicultural students hailing from foreign backgrounds. The research outlines the design and execution of a picture book reading program tailored for multicultural students, with analysis based on the outcomes of actual classroom implementations. In the course of the study, existing literature pertaining to the use of picture books for enhancing multicultural education and language skills was reviewed. This informed the development of a structured class procedure by extracting core components. Indeed, 43 multicultural students in five classes in the first and second grades of A Elementary School in Gyeonggi-do were given three pilot classes for each class for 20 weeks and a total of 100 picture book reading classes, each with 17 main lessons. This study establishes the positive impact of picture book reading classes on the Korean language comprehension of multicultural students. The results confirm positive improvements in students' ability to understand Korean, as evidenced by enhanced Korean expression and presentation skills, increased library usage, and a positive shift in classroom attitude. The procedure for reading picture books using school libraries proposed in this study was actually conceived and developed in the course of class operation in the school education field, reflecting the changes brought about by the increase of multicultural students and the need to improve the class environment. Through this practical investigation, important insights have been extracted regarding how picture book reading sessions designed for elementary school students from multicultural backgrounds can enhance the classroom environment and elevate learning outcomes.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.19-36
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• 2023

As advances in information and communication technology have made it easier for anyone to produce and disseminate information, a new problem has emerged: fake news, which is false information intentionally shared to mislead people. Initially spread mainly through text, fake news has gradually evolved and is now distributed in multimedia formats. Since its founding in 2005, YouTube has become the world's leading video platform and is used by most people worldwide. However, it has also become a primary source of fake news, causing social problems. Various researchers have been working on detecting fake news on YouTube. There are content-based and background information-based approaches to fake news detection. Still, content-based approaches are dominant when looking at conventional fake news research and YouTube fake news detection research. This study proposes a fake news detection method based on background information rather than content-based fake news detection. In detail, we suggest detecting fake news by utilizing related video information from YouTube. Specifically, the method detects fake news through CNN, a deep learning network, from the vectorized information obtained from related videos and the original video using Doc2vec, an embedding technique. The empirical analysis shows that the proposed method has better prediction performance than the existing content-based approach to detecting fake news on YouTube. The proposed method in this study contributes to making our society safer and more reliable by preventing the spread of fake news on YouTube, which is highly contagious.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.229-247
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• 2023

With the increasing emphasis on anomaly detection across various fields, diverse anomaly detection algorithms have been developed for various data types and anomaly patterns. However, the performance of anomaly detection algorithms is generally evaluated on publicly available datasets, and the specific performance of each algorithm on anomalies of particular types remains unexplored. Consequently, selecting an appropriate anomaly detection algorithm for specific analytical contexts poses challenges. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to investigate the types of anomalies and various attributes of data. Subsequently, we intend to propose approaches that can assist in the selection of appropriate anomaly detection algorithms based on this understanding. Specifically, this study compares the performance of anomaly detection algorithms for four types of anomalies: local, global, contextual, and clustered anomalies. Through further analysis, the impact of label availability, data quantity, and dimensionality on algorithm performance is examined. Experimental results demonstrate that the most effective algorithm varies depending on the type of anomaly, and certain algorithms exhibit stable performance even in the absence of anomaly-specific information. Furthermore, in some types of anomalies, the performance of unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms was observed to be lower than that of supervised and semi-supervised learning algorithms. Lastly, we found that the performance of most algorithms is more strongly influenced by the type of anomalies when the data quantity is relatively scarce or abundant. Additionally, in cases of higher dimensionality, it was noted that excellent performance was exhibited in detecting local and global anomalies, while lower performance was observed for clustered anomaly types.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.476-483
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the effects of athletic career and competition participation frequency on exercise commitment of women university taekwondo athletes. Study subjects were 20 women university taekwondo athletes. Athletic career and competition participation frequency was assessed by 4-points scale and the higher points indicate the higher level of each variables. Exercise commitment was assessed by Exercise Commitment Scale. The assessment consists of a total of 8 questions, 4 of which are action immersion and 4 of cognitive immersion, and is evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale. The higher the score, the higher the level of exercise commitment. As the results, positive relationship showed both correlation and casual relationship analysis between competition participation frequency and exercise commitment. Negative casual relationship (-) showed between athletic career and exercise commitment. These results indicated that the increase of competition participation frequency affects the exercise commitment and the longer of athletic career indicates the decrease the level of exercise commitment. Thus, to improve the exercise commitment of women university taekwondo athletes, the competition participation frequency and athletic career should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.17-34
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• 2023

Camera trapping has been used as a non-invasive survey method that minimizes anthropogenic disturbance to ecosystems. Nevertheless, it is labor-intensive and time-consuming, requiring researchers to quantify species and populations. In this study, we aimed to improve the preprocessing of camera trapping data by utilizing an object detection algorithm. Wildlife monitoring using unmanned sensor cameras was conducted in a forested urban forest and a green space on a university campus in Cheonan City, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. The collected camera trapping data were classified by a researcher to identify the occurrence of species. The data was then used to test the performance of the YOLO-X object detection algorithm for wildlife detection. The camera trapping resulted in 10,500 images of the urban forest and 51,974 images of green spaces on campus. Out of the total 62,474 images, 52,993 images (84.82%) were found to be false positives, while 9,481 images (15.18%) were found to contain wildlife. As a result of wildlife monitoring, 19 species of birds, 5 species of mammals, and 1 species of reptile were observed within the study area. In addition, there were statistically significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of the following species according to the type of urban greenery: Parus varius(t = -3.035, p < 0.01), Parus major(t = 2.112, p < 0.05), Passer montanus(t = 2.112, p < 0.05), Paradoxornis webbianus(t = 2.112, p < 0.05), Turdus hortulorum(t = -4.026, p < 0.001), and Sitta europaea(t = -2.189, p < 0.05). The detection performance of the YOLO-X model for wildlife occurrence was analyzed, and it successfully classified 94.2% of the camera trapping data. In particular, the number of true positive predictions was 7,809 images and the number of false negative predictions was 51,044 images. In this study, the object detection algorithm YOLO-X model was used to detect the presence of wildlife in the camera trapping data. In this study, the YOLO-X model was used with a filter activated to detect 10 specific animal taxa out of the 80 classes trained on the COCO dataset, without any additional training. In future studies, it is necessary to create and apply training data for key occurrence species to make the model suitable for wildlife monitoring.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2023

The goal of this study was to improve environmental awareness by systematically developing a hands-on online lesson for adults on making drink bags by upcycling discarded umbrella cloth. The lesson was developed using an ADDIE model. During the analysis stage, the instructional design direction was established based on the findings of previous studies. In the design stage, the operation of practical classes in the online environment was specifically planned. The contents of education and the training time were also determined. The materials developed during the development stage included a kit and theoretical information containing images to raise awareness of environmental pollution and the significance of upcycling, as well as videos and photos. During the implementation stage, two sessions were held three months apart. A total of 36 adults participated, with 18 participants in each session. In the evaluation stage, the first session participants provided feedback on class satisfaction, which led to improvements. Positive feedbacks were received from the second session participants, who expressed satisfaction with the smooth communication and easy approaches to the learning materials. In both instances, the surveys on environmental consciousness and attitudes yielded an overall average score of 4.27, indicating a generally positive evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.177-188
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a scale for measuring digital literacy by identifying the factors consisting of digital literacy and extracting items for each factor. Preliminary items for the Delphi study were developed through the analysis of previous literature and the deliberation of the research team. As a result of two rounds of the expert Delphi study, 65 items were selected for the main survey. The validation of the items was carried out in the process of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability test, and criterion validity test using the data collected in the main survey. As a result, a 4-factor structure composed of 31 questions(factor 1: digital technology & data literacy- 9 questions, factor 2: digital content & media literacy- 8 questions, factor 3: digital communication & community literacy- 9 questions, factor 4: digital wellness literacy - 5 questions) was confirmed. Also, the goodness of fit indices of the model were found to be good and the result of reliability test revealed the scale had a very appropriate level of Cronbach's alpha(α=.956). In addition, a statistically significantly positive correlations(p<.001) were found between digital literacy and internet self-efficacy and between digital literacy and self-directed learning ability, which were predicted in the existing evidence, therefore the criterion validity of the developed scale was secured. Finally, practical and academic implications of the study are provided and future study and limitations of the study are discussed.