• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.790-798
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• 2008

Counter-rotating axial flow fan(CRF) consists of two counter-rotating rotors without stator blades. CRF shows the complex flow characteristics of the three-dimensional, viscous, and unsteady flow fields. For the understanding of the entire core flow in CRF, it is necessary to investigate the three-dimensional unsteady flow field between the rotors. This information is also essential to improve the aerodynamic characteristics and to reduce the aerodynamic noise level and vibration characteristics of the CRF. In this paper, experimental study on the three-dimensional unsteady flow of the CRF is performed at the design point(operating point). Flow fields in the CRF are measured at the cross-sectional planes of the upstream and downstream of each rotor using the $45^{\circ}$ inclined hot-wire. The phase-locked averaged hot-wire technique utilizes the inclined hot-wire, which rotates successively with 120 degree increments about its own axis. Three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics such as tip vortex, secondary flow and tip leakage flow in the CRF are shown in the form of the axial, radial and tangential velocity vector plot and velocity contour. The phase-locked averaged velocity profiles of the CRF are analyzed by means of the stationary unsteady measurement technique. At the mean radius of the front rotor inlet and the outlet, the phase-locked averaged velocity profiles show more the periodical flow characteristics than those of the hub region. At the tip region of the CRF, the axial velocity is decreased due to the boundary layer effect of the fan casing and the tip vortex flow. The radial and the tangential velocity profiles show the most unstable and unsteady flow characteristics compared with other position of rotors. But, the phase-locked averaged velocity profiles of the downstream of the rear rotor show the aperiodic flow pattern due to the mixture of the front rotor wake period and the rear rotor rotational period.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제29회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.305-310
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• 2007

엇회전식 축류팬의 복잡한 유동특성을 이해하고 설계, 공력 해석 및 소음 특성 예측에 활용될 수 있는 3차원 비정상 유동장을 측정하였다. 엇회전식 축류팬의 3차원 비정상 유동장은 작동 영역인 설계점에서 $45^{\circ}$ 경사 열선을 이용하여 전단 동익의 전방, 전단 동익과 후단 동익 사이 그리고 후단 동익의 후방의 수직 유로 단면에서 측정되었다. 엇회전식 축류팬의 전단 동익과 후단 동익에 의해 발생되는 후류, 팁 와류 및 팁 누설 유동의 비정상 특성을 속도 벡터와 속도 윤곽을 통해 나타내었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.446-456
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• 2006

The effect of relative position of the stationary turbine blade for the fixed vane has been investigated on blade tip and shroud heat transfer. The local mass transfer coefficients were measured on the tip and shroud fur the blade fixed at six different positions within a pitch. A low speed stationary annular cascade with a single turbine stage was used. The chord length of the tested blade is 150 mm and the mean tip clearance of the blade having flat tip is 2.5% of the blade chord. A naphthalene sublimation technique was used for the detailed mass transfer measurements on the tip and the shroud. The inlet flow Reynolds number based on chord length and incoming flow velocity is fixed to $1.5{\times}10^5$. The results show that the incoming flow condition and heat transfer characteristics significantly change when the relative position of the blade changes. On the tip, the size of high heat/mass transfer region along the pressure side varies in the axial direction and the difference of heat transfer coefficient is up to 40% in the upstream region of the tip because the position of flow reattachment changes. On shroud, the effect of tip leakage vortex on the shroud as well as tip gap entering flow changes as the blade position changes. Thus, significantly different heat transfer patterns are observed with various blade positions and the periodic variation of heat transfer is expected with the blade rotation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2005

Experiments were conducted in a low speed stationary annular cascade to investigate local heat transfer characteristics on the tip and shroud and the effect of inlet Reynolds number on the tip and shroud heat transfer. Detailed mass transfer coefficients on the blade tip and the shroud were obtained using a naphthalene sublimation technique. The turbine test section has a single stage composed of sixteen guide vanes and blades. The chord length and the height of the tested blade are 150 mm and about 125 mm, respectively. The blade has flat tip geometry and the mean tip clearance is about $2.5{\%}$of the blade chord. The inlet flow Reynolds number based on chord length and incoming flow velocity is changed from $1.0{\times}10^{5}\;to\;2.3{\times}10^{5}.$ to investigate the effect of Reynolds number. Flow reattachment after the recirculation near the pressure side edge dominates the heat transfer on the tip surface. Shroud surface has very intricate heat/mass transfer distributions due to complex flow patterns such as acceleration, relaminarization, transition to turbulent flow and tip leakage vortex. Heat/mass transfer coefficient on the blade tip is about 1.7 times as high as that on the shroud or blade surface. Overall averaged heat/mass transfer coefficients on the tip and shroud are proportional to $Re_{c}^{0.65}\;and\;Re_{c}^{0.71},$ respectively.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 제33회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.387-391
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• 2009

소형 무인항공기 추진용 덕티드 팬의 실험적 연구가 수행되었다. 이 논문에서는 덕티드 팬의 입구, 로터 뒤, 스테이터 뒤에서 허브에서 팁 방향으로 $45^{\circ}$ 경사 열선으로 측정하여 비정상 3차원 유동 특성을 연구하였다. 경사열선 요각을 고정시켜 데이터를 획득하였다. 이 데이터는 위상평균기법을 이용하여 평균되었다. 이 데이터는 Newton-Rhapson 수치해법을 통하여 3개의 비선형 연립방정식을 풀었다. 축 방향, 반경 방향 그리고 원주 방향 속도의 윤곽을 통해 팁 후류, 이차유동 그리고 팁 누설유동과 같은 유동 특성을 확인 하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.819-824
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• 2000

The flow inside an axial turbomachinery must be unsteady. Rotor-stator interaction by two blade rows influences performance, the generation of noise and vibration. So, it will be necessary to study the rotor-stator interaction for the design of an axial fan in which the axial gap between two blade rows is small. In this study, rotor-stator interaction is investigated by experimental methods. The research fan has one stage which consists of 24 rotor blades and 22 stator blades. Three-dimensional velocities measured using $45^{\circ}$ slanted hot wire probe and total pressure is measured using Kiel total pressure probe between rotor and stator with the axial 25%, 55%, 145% of chord length,. This study describes the influence of rotor-stator gap on the flow pattern, performance and loss. The efficiency curve show that the change of the rotor-stator gap make difference in the efficiency. And, the 3-dimensional velocity distribution show that the potential interaction between the rotor and the stator have a great effect on the flow field downstream of rotor, where there are wake flow. various vortices in hub region and leakage vortex in casing region etc.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

Comparative study on the flow measurement by 5-hole and 7-hole probes was conducted in a linear cascade with tip clearances of 2.3%, 3.1%, and 4.4% of the blade span. Calibration range of the 5-hole and the 7-hole probes were ${\pm}25$ and ${\pm}50$ degrees, respectively. Results show that the secondary flow and total pressure loss measured by the 5e-hole and 7-hole probes were similar at small tip clearance cases. However, at the tip clearance of 3.1% and 4.4% of the blade span cases, flow angles exceeding the calibration range of the 5-hole probe were observed. Because of the wider calibration range, larger flow angle by strong leakage vortex could be measured by the 7-hole probe.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2014

In order to reduce friction and improve reliability, researchers have applied various surface texturing methods to highly sliding machine elements such as mechanical seals and piston rings. Despite extensive theoretical research on surface texturing, previous numerical results are only applicable to isothermal and iso-viscous conditions. Because the lubricant flow pattern of textured bearing surfaces is much more complicated than that for non-textured bearings, the Navier?Stokes equation is more suitable than the Reynolds equation for the former. This study carries out a thermohydrodynamic (THD) lubrication analysis to investigate the lubrication characteristics of a single micro-dimpled parallel thrust bearing cell. The analysis involves using the continuity, Navier?Stokes, energy, temperature?viscosity relation, and heat conduction equations with the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT. This study discretizes these equations using the finite volume method and solves them using the SIMPLE algorithm. The results include finding the streamlines, pressure and temperature distributions, and variations in the friction force and leakage for various dimple radii and depths. Increasing the dimple radius and decreasing the depth causes a recirculation flow to form because of a strong vortex, and the oil temperature greatly increases compared with the non-textured case. The present numerical scheme and results are applicable to THD analysis of various surface-textured sliding bearings and can lead to further study.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.82-82
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• 2009

강관은 물, 유류, 천연 가스 등을 운송하는 배관용 및 건물의 골조, 유압 및 공압 실린더, 가이드 레일 등 의 기계적 부품으로도 널리 사용되기도 한다. 이렇게 사용되는 강관의 70% 이상은 고주파 전기저항용접(High Frequency Electrical Resistance Welding,이하 ERW)으로 제조되고 있다. 아파트 등 실제 현장에서 ERW 강관에 흐르는 유체는 비드가 제거된 내면 부위에서 와류 (vortex)를 일으켜 기계적 침식(erosion)을 수반할 가능성이 있으며, 수격현상으로 인해 부식 부위에서 반복피로 하중을 받아 부식의 전파속도가 증가되어 최종적 으로 파손되는 경우도 예상할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 입열량을 달리하여 제조된 ERW 강관을 대상으로 강관 내부에서의 유속에 따라 홈부식 감수성에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 실제 사용 환경을 모사할 수 있는 장치를 제작하고 경계 조건을 선정하여 실험을 실시하였다. ERW 강관의 내부에서 유속이 빨라질 경우 부식속도는 증가를 하였고, 입열을 많이 받은 강관의 경우 부식속도가 감소하는 경향을 가졌다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 하여 ERW 강관에서 발생하고 있는 결함발생에 의한 피해를 극소화시킴으로서 안전하고 효율적인 관리에 기여하고자 한다.