• 제목/요약/키워드: Leaf starch

검색결과 137건 처리시간 0.032초

Isolation and Identification of Burkholderia pyrrocinia CH-67 to Control Tomato Leaf Mold and Damping-off on Crisphead Lettuce and Tomato

  • Lee, Kwang-Youll;Kong, Hyun-Gi;Choi, Ki-Hyuck;Lee, Seon-Woo;Moon, Byung-Ju
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.59-67
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    • 2011
  • A bacterial strain CH-67 which exhibits antagonism towards several plant pathogenic fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, Fulvia fulva, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum sp. and Phytophthora sp. was isolated from forest soil by a chitin-baiting method. This strain was identified as Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and belonging to genomovar IX (Burkholderia pyrrocinia) by colony morphology, biochemical traits and molecular method like 16S rRNA and recA gene analysis. This strain was used to develop a bio-fungicide for the control of tomato leaf mold caused by Fulvia fulva. Various formulations of B. pyrrocinia CH-67 were prepared using fermentation cultures of the bacterium in rice oil medium. The result of pot experiments led to selection of the wettable powder formulation CH67-C containing modified starch as the best formulation for the control of tomato leaf mold. CH67-C, at 100-fold dilution, showed a control value of 85% against tomato leaf mold. Its disease control efficacy was not significantly different from that of the chemical fungicide triflumidazole. B. pyrrocinia CH-67 was also effective in controlling damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani PY-1 in crisphead lettuce and tomato plants. CH67-C formulation was recognized as a cell-free formulation since B. pyrrocinia CH-67 was all lethal during formulation process. This study provides an effective biocontrol formulation of biofungicide using B. pyrrocinia CH-67 to control tomato leaf mold and damping-off crisphead lettuce and tomato.

수도(水稻)의 군락(群落) 및 양분(養分) 흡수(吸收)가 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Canopy Structure on Paddy Yield in Relation to Nutrient Uptake)

  • 권항광;김영섭;박준규
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.33-39
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    • 1972
  • 벼의 생산능력을 높이기 위하여 진흥의 곡실 생산량을 기준하여 저위 (500kg/10a 이상), 중위 (600kg/10a 이상), 고위 (700kg/10a 이상)로 구분하고 이들벼의 군락조성 및 영양상태를 조사한 결과 1. 고위수량인 경우에는 출수후 엽면적이 크고 완만하게 줄어드는데 비해 저위수량인 경우는 엽면적이 급격히 감소하였다. 2. 고위수량인 경우는 저위수량인 경우에 비해 생육초기에는 투광율이 높고 생육후기에는 낮았으며 투광율대 엽면적비도 고위수량인 경우에서 높다. 3. 순동화량(N.A.R.)은 엽면적이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며 저위수량인 경우에 비해 고위수량인 경우가 높았다. 4. 질소흡수량은 고위수량인 경우가 저위수량인 경우에 비해 절대 흡수량이 높고 흡수속도도 전생육기간을 통해 완만하며 저위수랑인 경우는 초기 질소흡수가 많고 출수기에 질수흡수를 종결하는데 비해 고위수량인 경우는 초기 흡수가 적고 출수후에도 상당량의 질소를 흡수하였다. 5. 출수기 전분축적량이 수확기 총생산량에 대하여 저위수량인 경우 40%인 반면 고위수량인 경우에는 약 10%로서 고위수량은 출수후 전분생산량에 의존도가 크다. 6. 수량구성요수중 이차생산능력인 곡실생산능력을 가장지배하는 인자는 등숙비율이였다.

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페레니얼 라이그라스에서 Mycorrhiza 접종이 탄수화물대사와 가뭄스트레스 저항성에 미치는 영향 (Mycorrhizal colonization effects on C metabolism in relation to drought-tolerance of perennial ryegrass)

  • 이복례;정우진;김대현;김길용;손보균;김태환
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.232-242
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    • 2002
  • Mycorrhiza 접종이 페레니얼 라이그라스가 가뭄 스트레스 저항성에 대한 효과를 검증하기 위해 mycorrhiza 접종구(AM)와 mycorrhiza를 접종하지 않은 비접종구 (non-AM)를 정상적 토양 수분 (-0.04Mpa) 및 가뭄 스트레스 (-0.12MPa)를 각각 처리한 후 0.14 및 28일에 잎의 수분포텐셜, 인의 함량, 작물의 성장 및 탄수화물 농도를 분석하였다. 가뭄 스트레스구에서 잎의 수분포텐셜, 클로로필, 인의 함량 및 잎의 성장이 유의적으로 감소되었다. 가뭄에 의한 이러한 생리적 장해요인들은 mycorrhiza 접종에 의해 완화되었다. 가뭄 스트레스하에서 잎의 soluble sugar 농도는 감소 되었으며, AM 처리구는 non-AM 처리구보다 soluble sugar 농도는 높게 나타났다. 가뭄 스트레스하에서 지상부의 starch와 fructan의 축적은 가뭄 스트레스 하에서 감소되는 반면 뿌리에서는 증가하였다. 가뭄 스트레스 하에서 뿌리에서 starch의 농도는 non-AM 처리구에서 AM처리구보다 더 높게 나타났다. 가뭄 스트레스 하에서 잎의 fructan 농도는 약간 감소하였으나 뿌리에서는 현저히 증가하였다. 가뭄 스트레스 하에서 처리 후 28일째 fructan의 농도는 정상적 수분공급구와 비교해 볼 때 non-AM과 AM 잎에서 각각 18.7% 와 13.3% 낮았다. 뿌리에서 가뭄스트레스에 의한 fructan의 축적은 mycorrhiza 접종에 의해 약 14% 감소되었다. 이상의 결과들은 mycorrhiza 접종은 잎의 수분 포텐셜과 인의 함량을 더 높게 유지하게 하고, soluble sugar의 함량을 더 많이 보유하게 함으로써 작물의 가뭄에 대한 내성을 증가 시킴을 잘 보여 주었다.

E3 ligase BRUTUS Is a Negative Regulator for the Cellular Energy Level and the Expression of Energy Metabolism-Related Genes Encoded by Two Organellar Genomes in Leaf Tissues

  • Choi, Bongsoo;Hyeon, Do Young;Lee, Juhun;Long, Terri A.;Hwang, Daehee;Hwang, Inhwan
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.294-305
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    • 2022
  • E3 ligase BRUTUS (BTS), a putative iron sensor, is expressed in both root and shoot tissues in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. The role of BTS in root tissues has been well established. However, its role in shoot tissues has been scarcely studied. Comparative transcriptome analysis with shoot and root tissues revealed that BTS is involved in regulating energy metabolism by modulating expression of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes in shoot tissues. Moreover, in shoot tissues of bts-1 plants, levels of ADP and ATP and the ratio of ADP/ATP were greatly increased with a concomitant decrease in levels of soluble sugar and starch. The decreased starch level in bts-1 shoot tissues was restored to the level of shoot tissues of wild-type plants upon vanadate treatment. Through this study, we expand the role of BTS to regulation of energy metabolism in the shoot in addition to its role of iron deficiency response in roots.

Haplotyping and Evolutionary Studies on GBSSII Gene in Korean Rice Collection

  • May Htet Аung;Yong-Jin Park
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.218-218
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    • 2022
  • Granules-bound starch synthase II (GBSSII), one of the isoforms of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), is responsible for amylose synthesis by expressing in non-storage tissues such as leaf, stem, root, and pericarp. Up to date, little is known about this gene functions and basic knowledge of heritable characteristics of this gene, GBSSII. We identified functional haplotypes and performed evolutionary analyses on the GBSSII using 374 rice accessions (320 Korean bred and 54 wild) based on the classified groups. A total of 14 haplotypes were found, and almost all haplotypes (13) were functional, carrying 19 non-synonymous SNPs in two exons (exons 1 and 2). The lowest nucleotide diversity was detected in Tropical japonica (0.00145), while the highest pi-value was in Aus (0.01081), illustrating the signal of this gene evolution. The highest Tajima's D value in Aus (1.6380) indicates GBSSII gene domestication signature under balancing selection, while the lowest Tajima's D value in Temperate japonica (-0.8243) highlights that they were under positive selection, which may be purified due to the excess of rare alleles. The highest genetic differentiation was observed between Tropical japonica and aroma (FST = 0.921928). In contrast, the highest interbreed level was detected in Aus-admixture (FST = -0.20157). The genetic relatedness between and or among the wild and cultivated subpopulations was revealed through PCA, population structure, and phylogenetic analyses.

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NaCl Stress에 따른 보리 유묘의 생육특성 및 세포학적 반응 (Growth and Histological Characteristics of Barley (Hordium vulgare L.) Seedling to NaCl Stress)

  • 조진웅;김충수;이석영;박기선
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.335-340
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to determine the morphological responses of barley seedlings to NaCl stress and to investigate histological changes of cells with transmission electron microscope(TEM) after NaCl stress. Plant height and root length of 10-day old barley seedlings with NaCl stress were reduced and inhibition level was found to be more severe in the plant height than in the root length. The leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were shorter as well with NaCl stress than without NaCl stress. However, there was no difference in the number of roots between NaCl treatments. The weight of dry matter decreased at higher NaCl concentrations, especially at 100mM NaCl. The water content of shoots tend to decrease at higher NaCl concentrations, but there was no difference in the water content of roots, The reduced sugar content was greatly increase than starch. Cellulose content was higher in NaCl stressed-plant than control, and tended to decreased at higher NaCl concentrations. Lignin content also decreased NaCl stressed-plant but there was no tendency at NaCl stress concentrations. Electric conductivity of cell sap with seedlings was high with NaCl stressed-plant. Amount of cell sap gradually increased with time in the roots than in the shoots, The grana of chloroplasts was changed by 150mM NaCl concentration. The christe of mitochondria in root meristematic sells ruined in structure and cell wall of leaf and root was also ruined by NaCl stress.

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식이섬유용 식품섭취빈도조사지 개발 및 이를 이용한 충북지역 중학생의 식이섬유 섭취 실태 (The Development of the Dietary Fiber Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Dietary Fiber Intake of Middle School Students in the Chungbuk Province)

  • 신나실;이인선;김향숙
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제28권5호
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    • pp.549-557
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    • 2012
  • In this study, the FFQ-50 questionnaire which composed of 50 food items frequently eaten as sources of dietary fiber, was developed and used to estimate the dietary fiber intake of middle school students in the Chungbuk province. According to the survey, the average daily intakes of dietary fiber for the boys and girls were $23.3{\pm}12.3$ g (93.2%) and $20.8{\pm}11.5$ g (104.0%), respectively, showing a significant difference between the gender. The proportions of boys and girls who did not reach to the sufficient dietary fiber intake were 66.2% and 53.9% respectively. The major sources of dietary fiber were grain foods and vegetables, which measured at 77.24%, followed by fruits, seaweeds, tofu and tofu products, potato and starch, and mushrooms. The cooked white rice contributed the highest (17.81%), followed by baechu-kimchi, cooked brown rice, ramyeon (instant noodle), tangerine, sesame leaf jangajji (pickled sesame leaf), topokki (spicy rice cake stir-fry), blanched and seasoned bean sprouts, bread, and radish kimchi. The study showed that the cooked white rice was the major source of dietary fiber in the boys' diet followed by baechu-kimchi, ramyeon, cooked brown rice, tangerine, bread, strawberry, blanched and seasoned bean sprouts, sesame leaf jangajji, radish kimchi. Girls were taking in dietary fiber mostly from boiled white rice followed by baechu-kimchi, boiled brown rice, tangerine, ramyeon, sesame leaf jangajji, topokki, blanched and seasoned bean sprouts, radish kimchi, and boiled barley.

당의 종류를 달리한 연잎 다식의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Lotus Leaf Dasik Prpared with Various Sweeteners)

  • 양미옥
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.437-443
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 기능성 식품으로서 가치가 있는 연잎가루를 우리나라 전통 다식인 진말다식 제조 시에 볶은 밀가루와 함께 넣고, 여기에 꿀, 물엿, 이소말토올리고당, 갈락토올리고당, 프락토올리고당 등 당의 종류를 달리하여 넣은 다음 다식의 품질 특성을 평가하였고, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 연잎 다식의 수분 함량은 갈락토올리고당을 첨가한 다식이 가장 높았으며, 꿀 첨가 시료와는 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 연잎 다식의 색도에서는 L값은 꿀을 첨가한 다식이 유의적으로 가장 높았고, a값, b값은 각 시료 간에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 연잎 다식의 물성에서는 견고성은 꿀을 첨가한 다식이 유의적으로 가장 낮게 나타났고, 부착성과 탄력성은 각 시료별로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 응집성, 검성, 씹힘성은 물엿을 첨가한 다식이 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 연잎 다식의 정량적 묘사 분석에서 색과 맛은 꿀을 첨가한 다식이 유의적으로 가장 높은 강도로 평가되었고, 씹힘성은 물엿 첨가군이 유의적으로 가장 높게 평가되었으며, 부드러움의 정도는 꿀을 첨가한 다식이 유의적으로 가장 부드럽다고 평가되었다. 연잎 다식의 기호도 검사에서는 단맛과 전반적인 기호도에서 프락토올리고당을 첨가한 연잎 다식이 가장 높게 평가되었다.

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Changes of Chemical Components During Seed Development in Black Soybean (Glycine max L.)

  • Shim Sang In;Kang Byeung Hoa
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.331-336
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    • 2004
  • Changes in the level of metabolites in leaves and pods were examined with respect to the seed chemical composition in black soybean. There was no further increase in pod length after 42 days after flowering (DAF). Pod weight, however, persistently increase until 73 DAF, thereafter the weight was slightly lowered. The seed storage protein, however, increased drastically as the increasing rate of pod weight was lessened at 61 DAF. The accumulation of seed storage proteins was occurred conspicuously as the increasing rate of pod weight was slowed down. The chlorophyll content both in leaves and pods was drastically decreased after 50 DAF. The beginning of drastic reduction in chlorophyll content was occurred concomitantly with the reduction of soluble protein content in leaves. The sugar content in leaves showed similar tendency with chlorophyll and soluble protein content. The starch level in leaves, however, showed different changing pattern during seed development. The starch content in leaves was increased persistently until 66 DAF, thereafter the content was decreased drastically to about $55\%$ of maximal value at 66 DAF. Total phenolics content in leaves and the anthocyanins content in seeds were stable without noticeable increase until 66 DAF. The contents were increased dramatically after 66 DAF showing the synchronized pattern with the decrease in starch level in leaves. The levels of the selected metabolites in leaf and seed suggested that the accumulation of chemical components of black soybean seed is launched actively at 66 DAF. The profile of storage proteins was nearly completed at 61 DAF because there was no large difference in densitometric intensity among protein subunits after 61 DAF. In soybean, chemical maturation of seed begins around 61 to 66 DAF at which most metabolites in vegetative parts are decreased and remobilized into maturing seeds.

방출조절형 dicamba 입제의 물리화학성 및 생물효과 (Physico-chemical properties and biological activity of controlled-release granular formulations for the herbicide dicamba)

  • 오경석;오병렬;박승순;이재구
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 1999
  • Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid)의 부작용을 최소화하고, 약효지속효과를 증진시키기 위하여 전분을 중합매체로 하여 유효성분의 용출속도를 조절할 수 있는 방출조절형 dicamba 입제를 제조하였으며, 이들 입제에 대한 이화학적 특성 및 생물활성을 연구하였다. Dicamba 입제는 호화전분 또는 옥수수 전분의 특성을 이용한 입상화법으로 2종, 호화전분과 kaolin을 중합매체로 하여 전분비율에 따라 압출조립법으로 4종을 제조하였다. 제조방법별 dicamba 입제의 제제율은 $90.0{\sim}96.3%$이었으며, 제조방법별 유효성분의 incorporation 비율은 입상화법이 $89.5{\sim}94.5%$, 압출조립법이 $46.7{\sim}82.0%$를 나타내었다. Dicamba 입제의 팽윤성은 옥수수 전분을 사용하여 제조한 DG-2가 가장 높았다. 한편 부유성은 DG-2가 가장 낮았으며, 호화전분인 Miragel 463으로 제제한 DG-1이 가장 높았다. Dicamba 입제중 유효성분의 경시적 안정성은 $50^{\circ}C$에서 처리 90일 후에 DG-1과 2가 5%이하가 분해된 반면에 호화전분인 Mirasperse로 제제한 DE-1은 5% 이상이 분해되었다. Dicamba 입제중 유효성분의 수중용출성은 약 2주일만에 100% 용출되었다. 온실조건에서 dicamba 입제의 제초효과는 처리 30일 후까지도 90% 이상의 높은 방제지속효과가 있었다.

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