• 전기화학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.128-131
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• 2010

납축전지 전류 집전체로서의 가능성을 보기위해 납 도금된 그라파이트 시트를 적용하여 평가하였다. 전기화학적 특성을 평가하기 위해 순환 전압전류법을 실시하였다. 납 도금된 그라파이트 시트는 납축전지의 음극으로 운용되는 전압범위에서 전기화학적으로 안정하였으나, 양극으로 운용되는 전압범위에서는 산소발생과 황산의 인터칼레이션으로 인해 전기화학적으로 불안정하였다. 납 도금된 그라파이트와 주조된 납 기판을 음극 전류집전체로 사용하여 전지를 제작하고, 방전 성능을 평가하였다. 납 도금된 그라파이트 시트를 적용한 납축전지가 금속 납 전류 집전체를 적용한 전지보다 더 높은 용량을 나타내었고, 에너지밀도 또한 더 높았다.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.344-349
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• 2013

에너지 저장 시스템(energy storage system, ESS)은 발전설비에서 생산된 전력에너지를 저장하여 필요한 시점에 사용할 수 있도록 전기에너지를 화학적으로 저장하는 체계이다. 따라서 에너지 저장 시스템은 에너지 이용 효율향상, 전력공급 시스템의 안정화에 기여할 뿐 아니라, 이산화탄소의 감축 및 화석연료의 고갈문제에 직접 대응할 수 있게 한다. 이차전지인 납 축전지는 현재까지 가장 기술적으로 안정되어 있고, 경제적이며, 신뢰성이 있는 축전지 중 하나이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 납 축전지를 적용한 에너지 저장 시스템의 국내외 실증사례를 조사하여 사례별로 정리하여 관련연구에 참고하고자 한다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.962-968
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• 2016

The large scaled lead-acid battery is widely used for efficient operation of the photovoltaic system in many islands. However, lithium-ion battery is now being introduced to mitigate the fluctuation of wind power and to replace lead-acid battery. Therefore, hybrid ESS(Energy Storage system) that combines lithium-ion battery with lead-acid battery is being required because lithium-ion battery is costly in present stage. Under this circumstance, this paper presents the optimal algorithm to create composition rate of hybrid ESS by considering fixed and variable costs in order to maximize advantage of each battery. With minimization of total cost including fixed and variable costs, the optimal composition rate can be calculated based on the various scenarios such as load variation, life cycle and cost trend. From simulation results, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithms are an effective tool to produce a optimal composition rate.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2016

현재 대부분의 도서지역에서는 태양광발전을 효율적으로 운용하기 위하여 대용량 연축전지가 많이 사용되고 있지만, 풍력발전의 도입, 축전지 교체로 인하여 리튬이온전지의 도입이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존에 많이 보급되어 사용되고 있는 연축전지와 리튬이온전지의 장점을 최대한 활용하기 위하여, 연축전지와 리튬이온전지용 하이브리드 ESS의 최적 운용평가를 할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 상기의 알고리즘을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과, 각 전지의 도입비용과 운용비용이 최소화 되는 운용조건에서 최적구성비를 산출하였다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서 제안한 하이브리드 ESS의 최적구성 알고리즘에 대한 유용성을 확인하였다.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 1998년도 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.177-180
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• 1998

To manage lead-acid battery efficiently and to use it longer in UPS, the state of charge(SOC) indicator of the battery is needed. So a new approach to developing battery SOC indicator for UPS is discussed in this paper. This method to determining SOC by combining the available data of discharge characteristics of a battery with neural networks(NN) is presented. The 3-layered NN with back propagation algorithm has been used. Exprement results show that the proposed method is appropriate as SOC indicator of the battery.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.945_946
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• 2009

This paper describes the development of the rapid battery charger for lead-acid battery. Due to heat which is caused by increased internal resistance during charging, it is difficult to increase charging current for the lead-acid battery. In this paper, the rapid charging algorithm which apply short discharging pulse current during charging procedure is developed and it makes the ion layer, which is generated during charging time, disappeared into electrolyte. The prototype battery charger based on resonant converter is developed for 48V battery charger and test procedure is introduced.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.128-133
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• 2004

This study has been focused on the development of shear forming process of grid for lead-acid battery. The grid plays an important role in the flow of electricity because the grid is a skeleton of the pasted plate. Therefore, it must be of the highest quality to prevent plate failures and then, battery failure, and ensure the best battery performance possible. The finite element analysis of the shear forming process is carried out and the result is compared with the experimental data. The influence of the numerical parameters such as clearance, velocity of punch and critical damage value on the simulation results turns out to be very considerable.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2014

State-of-charge (SOC) is one of the significant indicators to estimate the driving range of the electric vehicle and to control the alternator of the conventional engine vehicles as well. Therefore its precise estimation is crucial not only for utilizing the energy effectively but also preventing critical situations happening to the power train and lengthening the lifetime of the battery. However, lead-acid battery is time-variant, highly nonlinear, and the hysteresis phenomenon causes large errors in estimation SOC of the battery especially under the frequent discharge/charge. This paper proposes a novel estimation technique for the SOC of the Lead-Acid battery by using a well-known Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and an electrical equivalent circuit model of the Lead-Acid battery considering diffusion and hysteresis characteristics. The diffusion is considered by the reconstruction of the open circuit voltage decay depending on the rest time and the hysteresis effect is modeled by calculating the normalized integration of the charge throughput during the partial cycle. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified through the experiments.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2022

One disadvantage of deep cycle flooded lead-acid batteries is increasing water loss caused by use of (+) Pb-Sb / (-) Pb-Sb alloy grid. Water loss is generated by the emission of hydrogen gas from the (-) electrode during battery charging. In this paper, we maintain cycle life aspect through the development of hybrid flooded lead-acid batteries to which a (+) Pb-Sb / (-) Pb-Ca grid is applied and deal with the improvement of water loss. The amount of water loss compared to that of the (-) Pb-Sb grid decreased when Ca was added to the (-) Pb grid. For the (-) Pb-Ca grid, it was confirmed that the time to reach 0.0 V, at which water decomposition occurs, was increased compared to that of the (-) Pb-Sb grid at the NPV (Negative Potential Voltage). In the cycle life test conducted with the BCI (Battery Council International) standard, compared to the (+) Pb-Ca grid, the (+) Pb-Sb grid increased the life cycle of the batteries and the (+) Pb-Ca grid showed an early end of life due to PbO corrosion layer generation, as determined through SEM / EDS and Tear Down analysis. In conclusion, by addition of Sb to (+) Pb grid and Ca to (-) Pb grid, we developed a hybrid flooded lead-acid battery that meets user requirements to improve water loss characteristics and preserve cycle life characteristics.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

A comprehensive coverage of corrosion in batteries is rendered difficult by the wide choice of materials, environments and physical features as obtained in practical settings. Understanding of the complex processes that occur in these electrochemical systems gets clearer as new theoretical approaches backed by sophisticated analytical and characterization techniques continue to provide valuable insights which aid in controlling/mitigating wasteful corrosion reactions which affect battery shelf-life, cycle life, rate capability and capacity. In the light of the above, I limit myself to a discussion on corrosion aspects in representative system such as conventional Leclanche, lead-acid battery and magnesium batteries, and advanced lithium systems.